EXERCISE #2 ~ ANSWER KEY CHAPTER SIX
The Beginning of the Cold War
Block ______ Date _________________ Name __________________________
Refer to the Student Workbook p.126-129
What did the two superpowers struggle for throughout the Cold War?
Power and influence on a global scale and to gain friends and allies
Why did the western capitalists fear the Soviets?
They feared the part of communist ideology which was aimed at world revolution.
Why did the Soviets fear the western capitalists?
They feared capitalist imperialism and encirclement by capitalist countries which would always pose the threat of counter-revolution within and against the U.S.S.R.
Define the following terms:
Domino theory
As dominoes quickly cause the next to fall, so the Americans (and others) believed European countries would one by one fall to the Soviets.
Satellite states
This refers to the six Eastern block countries over which the Soviet Union had absolute control. The Iron Curtain defined the borders of the Satellite countries.
Identify the Eastern European countries in which Stalin established a communist regime.
Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany
6. How did Winston Churchill respond to the creation of Stalin’s satellite states?
Churchill declared that an Iron Curtain had fallen across Europe which divided communist and non-communist states.
7. Identify and explain two policies that the United Sates developed in response to Soviet expansion.
The Truman Doctrine was a policy which pledged to support free peoples around the world who were resisting subjugation.
The policy of containment was the policy of halting the spread of communism by providing economic aid and military support to people fighting communism.
Students may also use the Marshall Plan and NATO.
8. What incident marked the beginning of the Cold War for many Canadians? Why?
The Gouzenko Affair (in which a Soviet clerk received political asylum in Canada in exchange for information about Soviet spy rings) marked the beginning of the Cold War for many Canadians because it provided the first evidence of a possible communist threat in Canada.
9. How did the RCMP respond to the fear instilled in Canadians by the Gouzenko Affair?
The RCMP carried out illegal and secret inquiries regarding potential communists in Canada.
This massive fear of communism became known as the Red Scare.
BERLIN BLOCKADE CRISIS
11. Fill in the missing information about the Berlin Blockade Crisis of 1948.
BACKGROUND
Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union
Britain, France, and the United States joined their sectors to form West Germany.
Stalin created the German Democratic Republic which came to be known as East Germany.
Berlin lay within the Soviet sector of Germany.
At the time, western nations were permitted access through East Germany on…
Specified highways, railways, and air corridors.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
In 1948, the western powers introduced…
Currency reform into West Germany, which the Soviet Union refused to accept.
The Soviet Union counteracted by…
Blockading the Western Allies land transportation corridors (direct confrontation).
Americans transferred a squadron of B-29’s to Britain .
The western nations decided to counter Stalin’s blockade by…
Instituting a massive airlift which supplied the western sectors of Berlin for fifteen months with all necessary supplies.
Security Council representatives negotiated the solution of…
Two separate governments for Berlin.
12. b) The Berlin Blockade Crisis prompted the Allies to form an organization to prevent Soviet expansion, called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
a) Identify two goals of this organization.
To promote trade and cultural exchanges between member states, and to ensure mutual defence.
13. In 1955 the Soviets created the Warsaw Pact in response to NATO.
THE ARMS RACE
14. What was the main feature of the Cold War?
The nuclear arms race between the Western bloc and the Eastern bloc.
15. How did the two alliances try to achieve “nuclear parity”?
The two alliances tried to maintain approximately the same level of nuclear armaments.
16. In what sense did the concept of MAD keep both sides from going to war?
Mutually Assured Destruction meant that both sides recognized the fact that if nuclear weapons were deployed, entire areas of the country would be completely annihilated, and thereby, the certainty of a return attack meant that neither side would instigate.
Hazelmere Publishing. Permission to copy is for classroom use only and specific to site.
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