Note: Developed Countries include USA, EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, and NZ.
Source: DRI, World Economic Outlook, 1999
Rapid urbanization was accompanied by the economic growth. Both of them, with the growth of urban population, the increase of household income, and the increase in businesses from the rise of international trades, have resulted in the continuous rise in transportation demand. Huge growth of some metropolitan cities, in particular, has led to serious urban transportation problems such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and air pollution.
As of 1995, 18 APEC member economies showed the average urbanization rate of about 66%. Brunei, Korea, Mexico, Philippines have shown very rapid urbanization since 1980. In China, Indonesia, Thailand, among others, urban populations have been rapidly increasing since the 1980s, although the overall urban population rate is still below 40% (Refer to Table 2.1.3).
GDP per Capita in APEC Region
Unit: US $
Year
Group
|
1980
|
1985
|
1990
|
1995
|
Annual Growth Rate
(‘80-’95, %)
|
Australia
|
10,263
|
10,202
|
17,345
|
19,559
|
4.4
|
Brunei
|
55,545
|
35,545
|
25,685
|
23,874
|
-5.5
|
Canada
|
11,025
|
13,913
|
20,648
|
19,386
|
3.8
|
Chile
|
2,474
|
1,360
|
2,315
|
4,593
|
4.2
|
China
|
305
|
280
|
332
|
582
|
4.4
|
Hong Kong, China
|
5,639
|
6,394
|
13,130
|
22,492
|
9.7
|
Indonesia
|
491
|
538
|
636
|
1,035
|
5.1
|
Japan
|
9,068
|
11,116
|
24,053
|
41,003
|
10.6
|
Korea
|
1,643
|
2,311
|
5,917
|
10,121
|
12.9
|
Malaysia
|
1,787
|
1,992
|
2,408
|
4,343
|
6.1
|
Mexico
|
2,796
|
2,356
|
3,181
|
3,162
|
0.8
|
New Zealand
|
7,232
|
6,941
|
12,387
|
17,010
|
5.9
|
Papua New Guinea
|
929
|
659
|
870
|
1,084
|
1.0
|
Philippines
|
671
|
562
|
721
|
1,055
|
3.1
|
Singapore
|
4,862
|
7,134
|
12,120
|
23,663
|
11.1
|
Chinese Taipei
|
2,344
|
3,993
|
8,111
|
12,396
|
11.7
|
Thailand
|
689
|
837
|
1,557
|
2,805
|
9.8
|
U.S.A.
|
12,224
|
17,530
|
22,983
|
27,621
|
5.6
|
Average
|
7,222
|
6,870
|
9,689
|
13,099
|
5.8
|
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