Leafcutter and Mason Bees: a Biological Catalogue of the Genus Megachile of the Neotropics Anthony Raw
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Subgenus Pseudocentron MitchellMegachile subgenus Pseudocentron Mitchell 1934: 304, 307. Type species: Megachile pruina Smith. Original designation. Pseudocentron Mitchell 1934: 303 & 307, 1937b: 63. Sandhouse 1943: 593. Michener 1944: 265, 266, 268. Mitchell 1980: 56. Pseudocentron subgenus Pseudocentron Mitchell 1980: 56. This is the largest subgenus in the Americas which currently includes 73 species. They range from North Carolina to Argentina and central Chile. Two are restricted to U.S.A. and eight or nine are West Indian.
Megachile agrestis Mitchell 1930: 197-198. Male. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16200. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) agrestis Raw 2002 #7: 28. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD.
Megachile poeyi alleni Mitchell 1927a: 48-51. Male. Type locality: Mangrove Cay, Andros, Bahamas, 1 August 1904 (Allen, Barbour & Bryant). Type repository: MCZ 15715. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) poeyi alleni Krombein 1953b: 21 (D). Megachile (Pseudocentron) alleni Raw 2002 #7: 28. DISTRIBUTION. ANGUILLA. BAHAMAS: Bimini, Cat Island, Concepcion, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Long Island, New Providence, Water Cay, Gun Cay. FLOWERS. Croton linearis, Bidens pilosa, Cosmos sulphurea, Spilanthes urens, Mikania microntha. LIFE HISTORY. Adults are active for most of the year (February to November).
Megachile alopecura Cockerell 1923b: 2. Male. Type locality: Victoria, Mexico, 16 March. Megachile (Pseudocentron) alopecura Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Type repository: USNM 25580. Examined. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: TM.
Megachile animosa Cockerell 1931c: 539. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatán, Mexico (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16256. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) animosa Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1932: 13 (K). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU.
Megachile argentina Friese 1906: 95. Female ? Type locality: Santa Rosa, Ch. de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: WNHM. Megachile argentina versicolor Friese 1906: 96. Megachile (Pseudocentron) argentina Mitchell 1934: 303. The type locality of the subspecies versicolor is also Mendoza, Argentina and Jörgensen (1909) recorded the species from Pedregal so the subspecific status is doubtful. It may be a variety of M. argentina or a separate species (Mitchell 1930: 199 (D)). (If the latter, it must be renamed - qv. M. (Megachile) versicolor Smith 1844 of Europe). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K), 65-66 (R-M). Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F, N). Jörgensen 1909: 214 (D, F, L); 1912a: 125 (L, T), 132 & 134 (K); 1912b: 309, 310 (F, L, D, P). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA, ME (3000m-4000m), Puente del Inca, Cerro Navarro, Catamarca; Pedregal; San Juan; Chacras de Coria. FLOWERS. Acacia furcata, Atamisquea emarginata, Anthemis cotula, Baccharis salicifolia, Caesalpinia praecox, Circium lanceolatum, Clematis hilarii, Convolvulus arvensis, Cucurbitella scaberrima, Cuscuta racemosa, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, Hyalis argentea, Lycium gracile, Monedula, Marrubium vulgare, Pascalia glauca, Patagonium gilliesii, Prosopis alpataco, P. campestris, P. strombulifera, Proustia ilicifolia, Psoralea higuerilla, Salvia gilliesii, Senecio mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Sphaeralcea bonariensis, Telesperma scabriosoides, Ximenedia microptera and Zuccagnia punctata. NESTING. Nests in the ground, in thatch of houses and in galls [?] of Durana (?) dependens. Lines cells with cut leaves and with petals of Caesalpinia, Cassia aphylla and Larrea. The cell is plugged with mud. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly from October to mid May. PREDATORS. Coelioxys inconspicua.
Megachile aricensis Friese 1904: 187. Male. Type locality: Arica, northern Chile. Type repository: ? Megachile (Pseudocentron) aricensis Mitchell 1943b: 664 by association. Mitchell (op.cit.) considered this to be a junior synonym of M. furcata Vachal (1909), which is considered below to be a distinct species. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1912a: 175 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: Arica. PERU. Pacific coast of northern Peru to northern Chile. Michener's records from Panamá (1954: 101) may be erroneous. FLOWERS. Philibertella flava (Meyer).
Megachile asuncicola Strand 1910: 530. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: ? Megachile asuncicola mediomicans Strand 1910: 531. Sex ? Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository: ? Megachile (Pseudocentron) asuncicola Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 209 (D). Moure 1944a: 16. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RN. PARAGUAY: Asuncion.
Megachile aurata Mitchell 1930: 222-223. Female. Type locality: Juanfé, Peru. Type repository: USNM. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurata Mitchell 1934: 303. DISTRIBUTION. PERU.
Megachile aurea Mitchell 1930: 244. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurea Mitchell 1943b: 663. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Buenavista. BRAZIL: PA- Santarém.
Megachile azteca Cresson 1878: 119. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2456. Examined. Megachile rhodopus Cockerell 1896: 287-287. Male/ Female. Type locality: San Rafael, New Mexico, 18 June. Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 196 (D). Megachile (Pseudocentron) azteca Mitchell 1943b: 663. The citations of M. rhodopus have been by Cockerell (1896, 1899, 1919, 1932) and Friese (1911). The type locality of the male is New Mexico. Cockerell (1896) also described a female collected in Brazil under this name but it is a member of the subgenus Moureapis (examined by A. Raw). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Cockerell 1905: 340 (K); 1932: 14 (K as M. rhodopus). Cresson 1916: 112 (T); 1932: 14 (K). Friese 1911: 245 (R-F); 1921: 80 (D). Michener 1954: 101 (D, L). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: San José, Mount Redovuto. MEXICO: CH; JA; NA; VC- San Rafael. PANAMA: Canal Zone- Chiva Chiva. U.S.A.: NM. Records from Bolivia and Brazil under M. rhodopus are questionable. NESTING. March-June. In Panamá adults fly in July. FLOWERS. Compositae.
Megachile Baeri Vachal 1904: 12-13. Female. Type locality: Lara [Tucuman, Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) baeri Raw 2002 #7: 28. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU.
Megachile banksi Mitchell 1930: 220. Female. Type locality: Canal Zone, Ancón, Panamá. Type repository: MCZ 16202. Examined. Megachile petulans abnegata Cockerell 1931: 538. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatan, Mexico (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16267. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) banksi Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Cockerell 1932: 13 (K) abnegata. Michener 1954: 101 (D, L). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU- Chichenitza. PANAMA: Canal Zone; Ancon. COLOMBIA: Magdalena- Rio Frio. FLOWERS. Antigonum leptopus, Tribulus cistoides. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly in August.
Megachile barbatula Smith 1879: 70. Male. Type locality: Ega [=Tefé] on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2452. Examined. Megachile barbatula of Smith (1879). Synonymy of Schwarz (1934: 19-21). Megachile (Pseudocentron) barbatula Raw 2002 #7: 28. A paralectotype male at OUM is labelled "barbata Smith, Ega, Braz.", but the published name is to avoid synonymy with M. barbata Smith (1853) from South Africa. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM.
Andrena bidentata Fabricius 1775: 377. Male. Type locality: Amer. Bor. Type repository: NHML ? Apis bidentata Gmelin (in Linnaeus) 1790: 2793. Anthophora bidentata Fabricius 1804: 381. (Not Megachile bidentata Smith 1853.) (Not Megachile bidentata Walckenaer 1802: 135. Europe [= Coelioxys quadridentata L 1758].) Megachile (Pseudocentron) bidentata Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905: 339 (K). Mitchell 1937b: 73-74 (R-M). DISTRIBUTION. Central American or West Indian. Mitchell (1937b: 73) considered the type locality cited to be in error. NESTING. Said to nest on stones.
Megachile binotulata Dalla Torre 1896: 422. New name. Megachile binotata Lucas 1856: 777. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: ? (Not M. binotata Guérin 1845. = Megachile (Pseudocentron) luctifera Spinola. Megachile binotatula Friese 1920: 51 [misspelling]. (Not M. binotatula Alfken 1924: 14. Takao, Formosa [Taiwan]). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cheesman 1929: 144 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CUBA. MARTINIQUE. MEXICO. PANAMA: Gorgona Is.
Megachile botucatuna Schrottky 1913a: 212-213. Male. Type locality: Victoria de Botucatú, Est. do São Paulo, [Brazil], 15 Oct 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile arabilis Mitchell 1930: 201-202. Male/ Female ? Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT] Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4140/ 4145 ? Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 664. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) arabilis Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) botucatuna Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; MT- Chapada dos Guimarães; SP- Botucatú.
Megachile burmeisteri Friese 1908a: 68. Sex ? Type locality: ? Pedregal, Mendoza/ Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) burmeisteri Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919a: 221 (D). Friese 1908a: 63-64 (K). Jensen-Haarup 1908: 106 (F). Jörgensen 1909: 215 (F, L); 1912a: 130 (D, F, L), 133 & 134 (K); 1912b: 311-312 (F, L). Mitchell 1930: 225 (D). Vachal 1909: 7 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA, ME, Pedregal; Carcaraña. PARAGUAY: Sapucay. FLOWERS. Atamisquea emarginata, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, H. falcata, Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Psoralea higuerilla and Ximenedia microptera. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly mid October to end of May.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) cordialis Mitchell 1943b: 664. New name for Megachile cordovensis Mitchell 1930: 189-190. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16209. Examined. (Not M. corduvensis Schrottky 1909a.) The face of the female is extraordinary for a species of Pseudocentron; it more resembles that of Chelostomoides. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD. BRAZIL: MS- Pedra Branca ? MT.
Megachile crassipes Smith 1879: 71-72. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença] on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2453. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) crassipes Raw 2002 #7: 28. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13, 17 (D, K). RAW. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Tumupasa. BRAZIL: AM- São Paulo de Olivença; RO- Suruí Reserve. ECUADOR: Napo Pastazo- Coca. PERU: Madre de Dios- Avispas; Amazonas- Montenegro.
Megachile curvipes Smith 1853: 187. Male. Type locality: Brazil. Type repository: OUM. Examined. Megachile fossoris Smith 1879: 75-76. Female. Type locality: Santarem [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2429. Examined. Synonymy of Moure 1941: 93. Megachile fossoris leucocentra Schrottky 1908: 236. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Moure 1941: 93. Megachile leucocentra Schrottky 1913a: 164. Megachile fossoris leucocentra Schrottky 1913a: 164. Megachile (Pseudocentron) curvipes Mitchell 1943b: 664. Schwarz (1934) separated the females of M. curvipes and M. fossoris. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912d: 61 (D); 1919a: 221 (D); 1932: 14 (K as M. leucocentra). Cruz Landim 1967: 201-202, 204 (M); 1968: 119; 1973: 209-213. Friese 1916: 297 (D). Michener 1954: 101 (D, F, L). Mitchell 1930: 192 (D, M) 196 (D as M. fossoris); 1941: 166-167 (D, M). Moure 1942: 307-308 (D), 1944a: 15 (D); Schrottky 1908: 236 (D), 1913a: 147 (D), 200 (D); Schrottky 1913b: 247 (D); 1920: 22 (D, R-F as M. fossoris). Schwarz 1934: 20-21 (D, K, T); 1934: 19-21 (D, K as M. fossoris). Strand 1909: 234 (D); Vachal 1909: 17 (D, K). RAW. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: MI. BRAZIL: AM- Manaus; BA; DF- Brasilia, Planaltina; GO- Goias, Rio das Antas; MG; MS- Pedra Branca; MT- Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PA- Santarém; PR- Curitiba; RO- Porto Velho; RS; SP- Vila Ema. COLOMBIA: Magdalena- Rio Frio. COSTA RICA: San José. PANAMA: Canal Zone- Barro Colorado Island, Tocumen. PARAGUAY: Asuncion, Misiones, Sapucay, Villarrica. FLOWERS. Melampodium divaricatum. LIFE HISTORY. In Panamá adults fly in February & July. [See botucatuna.] MORPHOLOGY. Intersex. Thoracic salivary glands are described.
Megachile dalmeidai Moure 1944b: 118-120. Female. Type locality: Fazenda Bom Jesus, Monte Alegre (750 ms), SP, Brazil, 14-27 October 1942. Type repository: MZSP 104.428. Examined. [Type missing metasoma.] Megachile (Pseudocentron) dalmeidai Raw 2002 #7: 28. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP: Monte Alegre.
Megachile davisi Mitchell 1930: 219. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16210. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) davisi Raw 2002 #7: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD.
Megachile deceptrix Smith 1879: 81. Female. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2423. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) deceptrix Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1905: 341 (K). DISTRIBUTION. SANTO DOMINGO.
Megachile delectus Mitchell 1930: 217. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4148. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) delectus Raw 2002 #7: 29. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT.
Megachile electrum Mitchell 1930: 223-224. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, October 1923. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) electrum Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Moureapis) electra Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: Villarrica.
Megachile elongata Smith 1879: 80. Male. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2467. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) elongata Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Cockerell 1905: 341 (K). Crawford 1914: 132 (D). Friese 1902: 199 (R-F). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; SI; SO; MI; NA; TA. SANTO DOMINGO.
Megachile framea Schrottky 1913a: 211. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy [= Jundiaí, SP, Brazil], November 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Examined, labelled "HOLOTIPO". [Type missing left mid leg, left hind tibia and tarsi. Right antenna and left flagellum attached to card.] Megachile (Pseudocentron) framea Sakagami, Laroca and Moure 1967: 272-273 (D, L). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR- São José dos Pinhais; RS; SP-Jundiaí. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly November to May.
Megachile furcata Vachal 1909: 10. Male. Type locality: Chihuahua, Mexico. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) furcata Mitchell 1934: 303. Cockerell (1924: 548) considered this species to be a junior synonym of M. sidalceae Cockerell, but see below. Mitchell (1934: 303) and Michener (1954: 101 (D, L)) considered it to be a junior synonym of M. aricensis Friese which is occura along the coasts of Peru and Chile. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Mitchell 1930: 192-193 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: Magdalena- Rio Frio, Clenaga, Tucurinca. MEXICO: CH; SI. PANAMA: Canal Zone- Ancón, Balboa; Panamá- Camarón, Old Panamá, Panamá City, Pueblo Nuevo. FLOWERS. Tribulus cistoides. LIFE HISTORY. In Panamá adults fly almost all the year.
Megachile gomphrenae Holmberg 1886: 140. Female. Type locality: La Tinta, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: ? (Not M. gomphrenae Friese 1908a [= M. (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky 1908]. Megachile gomphrenae var. saltensis Friese 1908a: 64-65. Sex ? Type locality: Salta, Argentina. Type repository: ? Synonymy of ? Megachile saltensis Schrottky 1909b: 268. New status ? Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1917b: 240 (D). Friese 1911: 267 (D, F, L). Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F). Jörgensen 1909: 213 (D, F, L, N); 1912a: 124 (T). Schrottky 1913a: 178-180 (D, R-FM); 1913b: 247 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA- La Tinta; ME- Pedregal, Carcaraña, Chacras de Coria, Potrerillos. URUGUAY. FLOWERS. Gomphrena sericea, Cirsium lanceolatum and Senecio. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly November to March. NESTING. Nests in thatch of houses.
Megachile gomphrenoides Vachal 1908: 236-237. Female. Type locality: Argentina. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenoides Moure 1947: 232. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Schrottky 1920: 33 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ST- Rio Carapari.
Megachile hamatipes Cockerell 1923a: 455-456. Male. Type locality: Bel Air, Lamaha, East Coast, British Guiana (Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2464. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hamatipes Raw 2002 #7: 29. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA.
Megachile hieronymi Friese 1906: 96. Female. Type locality: Mendoza/ Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MHNW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hieronymi Raw 2002 #7: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63-64 (K), 67 (L). Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105-106 (F). Jörgensen 1912a: 128 (F, L), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 311 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA, CD, ME, NE. FLOWERS. Baccharis serratula, Bidens leucantha, Circium lanceolata, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Hyalis argentea, Lycium argentinum, L. chilense, Marrubia vulgare, Patagonium gilliesii, Psoralea higuerilla, Senecio albicaulis, S. mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Ximenedia microptera. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly early October to mid May.
Megachile hoffmanseggiae Jörgensen 1912a: 130-131. Female. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: Museu La Plata. Lithurgus rufiventris Friese 1908a: 61-62. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912a: 124. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hoffmanseggiae Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) rhodosara Moure 1947: 232-233. Female. Type locality: Copayan, Catamarca, Argentina, Jan 1941 (Schafer). Type repository: UFPR. Synonymy of Moure (pers. comm). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 221 (D). Jörgensen 1912a: 133 (K); 1912b: 309 (D, F, L). Mitchell 1930: 203 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME- Pedregal, Chacras de Coria, Carcaraña. BRAZIL. FLOWERS. Auracantha, Caesalpinia praecox, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynara cardunculus, Grindelaria pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Hyalis argentea, Larrea divaricata, Lippia lycioides, Lycium gracilis, Medicago sativa, Opuntia sulphurea, Pascalia glauca, Salvia gilliesii, Senecio mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Verbena bonariensis. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly November to January.
Megachile holomelaena Cockerell 1917b: 238. Female. Type locality: Chubut, Patagonia [Argentina] (W. F. H. Rosenberg). Type repository: USNM 22904. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holomelaena Raw 2002 #7: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB.
Apis holosericea Fabricius 1793: 336. Female. Type locality: America Meridionalis Insularis. Type repository: Zool. Mus. Copenhagen. Anthophora holosericea Fabricius 1804: 373. Anthophora holosericea Illiger 1806: 113. Trachusa holosericea Jurine 1807: 251. Megachile holosericea Cockerell 1906b: 105. Megachile holosericea Friese 1911: 273. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holosericea Moure 1960: 110 (D). Moure (1960: 110) listed this as a species, but cited it as a subspecies of poeyi in the text. DISTRIBUTION. PUERTO RICO: Rio Pedras, Mona (as M. vitracii). Moure (1960) gives type locality as "Lesser Antilles", but the species is known only from Puerto Rico.
Megachile huascari Cockerell 1912c: 486-487. Female. Type locality: Huascaray, Peru, 6500 ft. Sept 21 (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. The apical margin of the clypeus is thickened and impunctate, but it is not notched as in Moureapis species. The inner tooth of the mandible is truncate as in M. anthidioides Radoszkowski. Megachile (Pseudocentron) huascari Raw 2002 #7: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1917b: 239 (K). DISTRIBUTION. PERU.
Megachile imperator Mitchell 1930: 185-186. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4136. Examined. The type lacks left fore leg and left mid tibia and tarsi. Megachile (Pseudocentron) imperata Mitchell 1933: 303. Misspelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) imperator Mitchell 1943b: 663. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT.
Megachile indulgens Mitchell 1930: 224. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16201. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) indulgens Raw 2002 #7: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD.
Megachile inscita Mitchell 1930: 196-197. Male. Type locality: Pedra Branca, Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4146. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) inscita Mitchell 1934: 303. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT- Pedra Branca.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) jerryrozeni Genaro 2003: 286-289. Female. Type locality: Cayman, West Indies. Type repository: USNM. DISTRIBUTION. Grand Cayman Island and Cayman Brac, West Indies.
Megachile jörgenseni Friese 1908a: 66. Female. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile jeorgenseni Schrottky 1913b: 247 [misspelling]. Megachile joergenseni Schrottky 1913b: 251 (emendation). Megachile (Pseudocentron) joergenseni Raw 2002 #7: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K). Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F). Jörgensen 1912a: 125-126 (L, N, T), 132 (K); 1912b: 309, 310 (F, L, P). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. FLOWERS. Baccharis salicifolia, Cirsium, Clematis hilarii, Cucurbitella scaberrima, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia, Hyalis argentea, Lippia lycioides, Lycium gracile, Marrubium vulgare, Senecio pinnatus, Taraxacum officinale, Verbena aspera, Ximenedia microptera. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly mid October to mid June. NESTING. Nests in bamboo, canes of thatch and galls [?] on Durana (?) dependens. PREDATORS. Coelioxys inconspicua.
Megachile jundiana Schrottky 1913a: 204. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy [Jundiaí, SP, Brazil], January 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Moure (1943: 171-172) based on gynandromorph females. Megachile (Pseudocentron) jundiana Mitchell 1943b: 663. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP-Jundiaí.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) leucopogonites Moure 1944a: 17. Female. Type locality: Vila Ema, São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) lissotate Moure 1943: 187-189. Female. Type locality: Bodoquena, MT, Brazil. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT; SP-Batatais. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; MS; PB; RN; SP. Moure 1945: 414.
Megachile lobitarsis Smith 1879: 76. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença], on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2444. Examined. Megachile sexies Vachal 1909: 9. Male. Type locality: Guyane Française. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Synonymy suggested by Vachal and Moure ? Megachile (Ptilosarus) lobitarsis Michener 1954: 103 (D, L). (Erroneous listing). Megachile (Pseudocentron) lobitarsis Raw 2002 #7: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Bodkin 1918: 303 (D). Cheesman 1929: 145 (D). Dominique 1898: 61 (D). RAW. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM- São Paulo de Olivença. BA- Itabuna, Una. FRENCH GUIANA. GUYANA. PANAMA: Taboga Is. LIFE HISTORY. In Panamá adults fly in September.
Megachile luctifera Spinola 1841: 142. Female. Type locality: Cayenne [French Guiana]. Type repository: IZU Torino. Megachile (Pseudocentron) luctifera Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile flavitarsata Smith 1853: 183-184. Male. Type locality: St. Vincent's [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2443. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile binotata Guérin 1845: 450. Female. Type locality: St. Thomas [West Indies]. Type repository: SMM. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile barbadensis Cockerell 1937a: 111-112. Male. Type locality: Barbados [West Indies], 15 April. Type repository: USNM 55482. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile (Pseudocentron) barbadensis Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) binotata Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile binottata Guiglia & Pasteels 1961: 20. Misspelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) flavitarsata Raw 2002 #7: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 213, 214 (D). Beatty 1944: 172 (D, L). Cockerell 1905: 341 (K), 1936: 249 (D), 1937a: 111, (D)1938: 280 (D). Crawford 1914: 132, 133 (D). Cresson 1865: 196 [Author did not see a specimen from Cuba]. Friese 1908b: 38 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BARBADOS. DOMINICA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. FRENCH GUIANA. GRENADA. ST. VINCENT and Canouan (Grenadines). SURINAM. UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Croix, St.Thomas.
Megachile morio Smith 1853: 189. Female. Type locality: United States (E. Doubleday). Type repository: NHML 17a2414. Examined. (Not M. morio Graenicher 1930: 162 [=M. (Melanosarus) bahamensis Mitchell]. See Mitchell 1934: 351-352. Megachile (Pseudocentron) morio Mitchell 1937b: 72-73 (D, R-F). Mitchell (1937) observed that M. floridensis Mitchell "was at first erroneously identified as M. morio Smith". Apparently the latter is known only from the type series and may be from Mexico or the West Indies. Hurd 1979: 2068 suggested it is "Probably a form of pruina." ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905: 339 (K). Friese 1916: 297 (D). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: San José. U.S.A.: CA, FL. The record from Brazil is very doubtful. FLOWERS. Bidens leucantha, Melanthera brevifolia, Poinsettia cyathophora.
Megachile neutra Vachal 1908: 237. Female. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) neutra Raw 2002 #7: 30. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA.
Megachile obliqua Mitchell 1930: 218-219. Female. Type locality: British Guiana, 16 April 1901. Type repository: USNM 43095. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) obliqua Raw 2002 #7: 30. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA.
Megachile perenensis Cockerell 1919a: 219-220. Female. Type locality: Perenes Valley, Peru, 2000-3000 ft. Type repository: USNM 21690. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) perenensis Raw 2002 #7: 30. DISTRIBUTION. PERU.
Megachile perita Mitchell 1930: 202-203. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4147. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) perita Mitchell 1934: 303. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT.
Megachile poeyi Guérin 1845: 450. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: SMM. Megachile velhoensis Mitchell 1930: 199-200. Male. Type locality: Porto Velho, Brazil (Mann and Baker). Type repository: MCZ 16199. Incorrect locality (Dr. Oliver Flint, USNM, pers. comm.). Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) velhoensis Mitchell 1934: 303. Synonymy of Raw 2002 #7: 30. Megachile (Pseudocentron) poeyi Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holosericea poeyi. Synonymy of Moure 1960: 110. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D). Ashmead 1900: 302 (D). Cockerell 1905: 341 (K); 1912c: 486 (D). Cresson 1865: 177 (D, N, P). Dewitz 1881: 197 (D). Fox 1891: 345 (D). Gowdey 1926: 100 (D). Gundlach 1886: 162-163 (D). Mitchell 1927a: 57 (D, F). Myers 1935: 137. Raw 1985: 2-13 (D, F, L, M). Wolcott 1948: 869 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CUBA: (widespread and abundant) Cienfuegos, La Milpa, Soledad. JAMAICA: AW; SC; CL; EL; ST; TR (on plains and near coast). Wolcott (1948) doubted the authenticity of the record of this species from Puerto Rico. The records from Anguilla and Trinidad are probably erroneous. A series from Bahamas "agrees in coloration with typical poeyi Guérin from Cuba and Jamaica" (Krombein 1953). FLOWERS. Bidens pilosa, Caseria aculeata, Cosmos sulphurea, Croton linearis, Mikania microntha, Neuroloena limbata, Psidium cattleyanum, Spilanthes urens, Vernonia neuthaefolia. LIFE HISTORY. Adults are active for most of the year (Feb to Nov). NESTING. Males fly around flowers of Bidens pilosa searching for females. Nest of leaf pieces under stones (Cuba) and in a beetle burrow in a dead branch (Jamaica). PREDATORS. Leucospis poeyi (Cuba). Probably Coelioxys assumptionis (Jamaica).
Megachile pollinosa Spinola 1851: 178. Female. Type locality: Central Chile. Type repository: IZUT ? Megachile erinacea Schletterer 1890: 227. Male. Type locality: ? Synonymy of Friese 1905: 138. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pollinosa Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Claude-Joseph 1926: 247-249 (L, M, N). Cockerell 1905: 338 (R-F). Friese 1905: 138-139 (D, L). Herbst 1917: 268 (D). Mitchell 1930: 199 (D). Moure 1951: 41 (D). Ruiz 1937: 168 (D). Vachal 1909: 14 (K). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: Coquimbo; Concepcion; Patagonia; Rancagua; Santiago; Valdivia. FLOWERS. Compositae, Umbelliferae and Oenothera. NESTING. Nests in the ground under stones and in abandoned nests of sphecid and eumenid wasps and of Centris. Cuts leaves of Aristolochia maqui, Cestrum palqui, Robinia. Several contiguous cells are built. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly December to February. MORPHOLOGY. Larva described.
Megachile prietana Mitchell 1930: 191-192. Male. Type locality: Prieta, Honduras, 7 April 1924. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) prietana Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1949: 450 (D). Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RS. HONDURAS: Prieta, Zamorano.
Megachile pulchra Smith 1879: 70. Female. Type locality: St.Paulo [de Olivença], on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2439. Examined. Megachile pulchra cachoeirensis Schrottky 1920: 31-32. Female. Type locality: Porto Cachoeira, Espirito Santo, April 1912. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pulchra Mitchell 1943b: 664. The specimen labelled paralectotype of pulchra Smith in OUM is a member of the subgenus Chrysosarus. Moure (1945: 411) suggests M. cachoeirensis Schrottky may be an Austromegachile species (coll. BRAZIL: SP- Praia do Barro). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905: 339 (K). Michener 1954: 101 (D, L). Mitchell 1930: 191 (D). Schrottky 1920: 31 (D). Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz- Buenavista. BRAZIL: AM- São Paulo de Olivença; ES- Porto Cachoeira; MG; PA- Santarém; RO- Suruí reserve; SP. PANAMA: Barro Colorado. LIFE HISTORY. In Panamá adults fly in March. Cockerell 1905: 340; 1914d: 310. Moure 1945: 410-411.
Megachile pyrrhotricha Cockerell 1913: 369. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pyrrhotricha Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13-14 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Beni, Rio Mapirí. ECUADOR: Guayaquil.
Megachile rubricata Smith 1853: 187. Female. Type locality: [Tefé, AM] Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2437. Examined. Megachile hilaris Smith 1879: 72-73. Male. Type locality: Santarem [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2637. Examined. Synonymy of ? Megachile clavispinis Vachal 1909: 14. Male. Type locality: Brazil "Goiaz ?". Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. [May be a synonym of rubricata Smith]. Megachile (Pseudocentron) rubricata Raw 2002 #7: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. RAW. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM- Tefé; DF- Brasilia; GO; PA- Santarém. Two of the paratypes were determined by Moure (1943: 170) as males of Megachile hilaris Smith.
Megachile sanctipauli Schrottky 1913a: 205. Male. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Pseudocentron) sanctipauli Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP.
Megachile scapularis Vachal 1908: 234-235. Female and male. Type locality: Female from Mapirí, Bolivia and male from Pachitea, Peru. Type repository: Vachal collection, MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) scapularis Raw 2002 #7: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Vachal 1909: 17 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Beni- Ivon; Mapirí. PERU: Pachitea.
Megachile sidalceae Cockerell 1897: 158. Male. Type locality: Lone Mountain, Deming, New Mexico, U.S.A., 7 July on Sidalcea malvaeflora. Type repository: ? Megachile abducta Mitchell 1926a: 111-113. Male. Type locality: Texas. Type repository: Am. Ent. Soc. 10547. Synonymy of Mitchell 1927b: 179. Megachile (Pseudocentron) sidalceae Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Baker 1975: 657 (P). Cockerell 1898a: 129 (K); 1898b: 65 (K); 1899b: 158 (D); 1900a: 15-16 (D, F, R-F); 1900b: 243 (F); 1905a: 308 (D, F); 1914b: 430 (D, F); 1924: 546 (K). Friese 1911: 246 (F, L). Grant & Hurd 1979: 20 (F). Hurd & Linsley 1975: 38 (F). Hurd 1979: 2069 (D, F). Linsley 1946: 20, 25 (D, F). Mitchell 1937b: 69-72 (D, F, L, R-FM). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: BC; CH; CO; DU; SO- Hermosillo. U.S.A.: CA to NM and TX. A desert species. FLOWERS. Polylectic; visits 41 genera including Acacia, Aloysia, Asclepias, Asparagus, Baccharis, Cephalanthus, Cercidium, Cleome, Condalia, Croton californicus, Dahlia scoparia, Encelia, Eriogonum, Ferocactus, Franseria, Funastrum, Gutierrezia, Haplopappus, Helianthus ciliaris, Hoffmannseggia, Hymenothrix, Isocoma wrightii, Kallstroemia grandiflora, Larrea tridentata, Lepidium, Lotus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus, Mimosa, Monarda citriodora, Mortonia, Olneya tesota, Opuntia, Pectis papposa, Prosopis glandulosa, Psilostrophe cooperi, Salix, Salsola, Sapindus, Senecio douglasii, S. filifolius, Sidalcea malvaeflora, Tamarix, Verbesina, Wislizenia. NESTING. Cuts leaves of Amaranthus, Boerhaavia, Fraxinus, Gossypium, alfalfa, chinaberry, cottonwood, rose and umbrella tree to line nest. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly July and August. PREDATOR. Coelioxys novomexicana.
Megachile standingeri Friese 1905: 139. Male ? Type locality: Arica, Chile/ Peru/ Ecuador. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) standingeri Raw 2002 #7: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Vachal 1909: 15 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Chinoli, Potosi. CHILE: Valparaiso. ECUADOR. PERU: Huancayo. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly from December to March.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) stilbonotaspis Moure 1945: 413. Female. Type locality: Vila Ema, São Paulo, [Brazil.] March 1944. Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MS; MT- Bodoquena; SP- Vila Ema.
Megachile (Pseudocentron) subcingulata Moure 1945: 411. Female. Type locality: Praia do Barro, São Paulo, [Brazil], 11 May 1944. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP.
Megachile terrestris Schrottky 1902: 441-442. Female. Type locality: Belém, S. Paulo [state], Brazil, January 1898 (Bicego). Type repository: MZSP. (Not Megachile terrestris Cockerell 1908b: 260-261 [= Megachile (Sayapis) mellitarsis Cresson 1878].) Megachile rectipalma Vachal 1909: 10-11. Male. Type locality: Goyaz, Brésil. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Synonymy of ? Megachile andromorpha Schrottky 1913a: 174-175. Female. Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Synonymy of ? Megachile chapadiana Mitchell 1928: 346-349. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MS,] Brazil, November (H. H. Smith). ANSP 4109. Examined. Synonym of M. jundiana, see Mitchell 1943b: 664; Moure 1943: 170-171. Megachile (Pseudocentron) chapadiana Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) terrestris Moure 1943: 171-172. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 193 (D as M. chapadiana). Sakagami et al 1967: 272 D, L). Schrottky 1913a: 144 (K). RAW. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz- Buenavista. BRAZIL: DF- Brasilia, Rio Maranhão; GO- Goias; MG; MT; PR- São José dos Pinhais; RS; SP. PARAGUAY: Asuncion. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly in April and May in Paraná.
Megachile timida Mitchell 1930: 194. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4145. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) timida Raw 2002 #7: 30. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT.
Megachile tributa Vachal 1909: 15. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) tributa Raw 2002 #7: 31. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA.
Megachile una Vachal 1909: 17. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Right hind leg broken at knee. Megachile (Pseudocentron) una Raw 2002 #7: 31. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA.
Megachile variplantis Vachal 1909: 9. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) variplantis Raw 2002 #7: 31. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME.
Megachile vincta Vachal 1908: 239. Female. Type locality: Arica, Chile. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vincta Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1913: 368 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: Arica. ECUADOR: Guayaquil.
Megachile virescens Cockerell 1912d: 55. Female. Type locality: Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Mann). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) virescens Raw 2002 #7: 31. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13-15 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Espia, Rio Bopi. BRAZIL: RN- Baixa Verde.
Megachile vitracii Pérez 1884: 237. Female. Type locality: Guadeloupe [West Indies]. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile vitraci Friese 1911: 264. Misspelling. Megachile vitrasi Wolcott 1948: 869. Misspelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vitracii Moure 1960: 110 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1908b: 38 (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUADELOUPE. Reports from Puerto Rico and Mona Island are probably based on misidentifications.
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