Name: answer key teacher Period

Adapted from: M. Morrison

3. Populism —Popular Sovereignty—

People participate in political life—people rule

2. Individualism

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  Free to choose
  
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  Little to no government control
  

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  Laissez-Faire —Free enterprise—
  
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  Individual controls own interests
  
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  No government control over economy
  

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  Society where people are equal
  
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  Land ownership
  
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  Social equals
  

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  Freedom
  
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  No overly controlling gov’t
  
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  Rule of law
  

Lobbying: attempt to influence government officials

Non-violent protest: means of changing injustices

Litigation: resolving disputes in court

Amendments: official changes made to Constitution as needed

Alexis de Tocqueville said these values are crucial to America’s success.

2



Founding Fathers’ Line-up

1. 
   Explain the significance of these Founding Fathers to the formation of the United States. Create a symbol to
   

2. 
   Using the twitter pages from the Moodle Review, who would these Founding Fathers follow and who would
   

Benjamin Rush

“Father of American Medicine” who was a doctor, teacher and humanitarian who signed the Declaration of Independence.

John Hancock

Businessman and President of the Continental Congress. Large signature on Declaration of Independence symbolized freedom.

John Jay

Favored independence and helped negotiate a peace agreement with Britain ending the American Revolution.

John Witherspoon

Minister who signed the Declaration of Independence and supported independence through education. President of

John Peter Muhlenberg

Minister who recruited soldiers to fight against the British.

Charles Carroll

Wealthy supporter of independence who financed the American Revolution.

Jonathan Trumball, Sr.

Governor of Connecticut who sided with the colonists against the British.

John Locke

English philosopher whose ideas from “Two Treatises of Government” stated that people were born with natural rights and a ruler’s power comes from the people.

George Washington

Commanded the new Continental Army.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote most of the Declaration of Independence listing grievances against British

3

Charters of Freedom

1. 
   legislative – law-making body
   
2. 
   executive – executes the law
   
3. 
   judicial – judges the law
   

Which Railway connected east with the west? Transcontinental Railroad

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  Sent military
  
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  Forced removal
  
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  Treaties
  

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  List challenges of the frontier—drought, weather grasshoppers
  
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  Eventual economic problems—low crop yields
  
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  Barbed wire impact—conflict between farmers & ranchers
  
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  Populists—3^rd party movement that tried to address
  

What was Manifest Destiny? The belief that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific.

How did this change demographic patterns? Government encouraged Western Expansion

What role did ranchers play in western expansion? (cattle industry boom) Ranching caused movement of cattle to railroad lines

How did mining impact western expansion? Miners would move hoping to strike it rich which spread settlement into new areas

6

BUSINESS

 Free enterprise, laissez-faire government and abundant resources caused — growth in business

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  Led to growth of industry / corporations / trusts / monopolies
  
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  Entrepreneurs
  
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    Andrew W. Carnegie - Gospel of Wealth (philanthropy)
    
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    John Rockefeller – Standard Oil
    
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  List workplace abuses—low wages, long hours, dangerous work environments, repetitive tasks
  
  • 
    Why was this called the Gilded Age? wealth for some; poverty for others
    
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    What was Social Darwinism? competition in business-stronger would survive
    

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  Who was the famous political boss of Tammany Hall, NYC?
  

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  Corruption
  
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  Bribery
  

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  Rural to urban-Why did people move?
  
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  Rapid growth brought problems:
  
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    Overcrowding
    
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    Sanitation problems
    
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    Tenements
    
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    Infrastructure
    
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    Corruption
    

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  Elevator
  
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  Telephone/telegraph
  
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  Oil drilling
  
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  Bessemer Process
  
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  Electricity
  
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  How did technology impact business?
  

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  Push factors? poverty, war, discrimination
  
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  Pull factors? freedom, jobs, opportunity
  
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  New immigrants from southern/eastern Europe
  
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  What was nativism? viewpoint that wanted to restrict immigration
  
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  Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)—What was the economic impact?
  

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  Social Gospel – Christian value that motivated social reform efforts (ex. Salvation Army)
  

Progressive Era		Instructions: Trace the problems to the reform and then explain the impact.
Problem	Muckraker	Reform	What impact did the reform have?
Economic Monopolies/trusts Banks Laissez-faire government	Ida Tarbell Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson	Business regulation: Interstate Commerce Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act Clayton Anti-Trust	Increased the federal government’s ability to prevent unfair business activities
		Federal Reserve Act 1913—Established the Federal Reserve System to help with economic issues	Federal government’s movement toward enacting monetary policy
		16th Amendment—Income Tax	Congress could now tax personal income
Social Civil Rights Suffrage Working conditions Living conditions Consumer safety	Ida B. Wells W.E.B. DuBois Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams, Jacob Riis Booker T. Washington Upton Sinclair wrote —The Jungle	NAACP	Gave a voice to racial equality
		19th Amendment	Moved nation toward equality based on gender
		Settlement houses Education	Movement toward social reform
		Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act	Protection of consumer health
		Labor Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor	Gave a voice to workers’ rights
Political Government corruption Amendments	Lincoln Steffens Robert LaFollette	Initiative—voters can introduce bill Recall—voters can remove elected officials Referendum—voters could seek legislators to put a bill on a ballot Direct Primary—used by voters to choose candidates 17th Amendment—direct elec. of senators Civil Service Reform— testing to make sure qualified people get govt. jobs	Helped end corruption and increased participation in democratic process
Environment Abuse of natural resources	Teddy Roosevelt John Muir	National Park Service Act—established parks & monuments under federal control National Park System—supervision & maintenance of natural parks, monuments	Conservation of natural resources by the federal government 8