Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 R2 October 15, 2010 Abstract



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Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2008 R2

October 15, 2010



Abstract

This guide describes important tuning parameters and settings that you can adjust to improve the performance and energy efficiency of the Windows Server® 2008 R2 operating system. This guide describes each setting and its potential effect to help you make an informed decision about its relevance to your system, workload, and performance goals.

This paper is for information technology (IT) professionals and system administrators who need to tune the performance of a server that is running Windows Server 2008 R2.

This information applies to the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system.

References and resources discussed here are listed at the end of this guide.

The current version of this guide is maintained on the Web at:


http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/Perf_tun_srv-R2.mspx

Feedback: Please tell us whether this paper was useful to you. Submit comments at:


http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=102585

Disclaimer: This document is provided “as-is”. Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may change without notice. You bear the risk of using it.

Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred.
This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes.
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Document History



Date

Change










October 15, 2010

  • Throughout the paper – Clarified some explanations; clarified energy consumption vs. power consumption.

  • “Interrupt Affinity” – Added recommendation to use device-specific mechanism for binding interrupts, if supported by the driver model.

  • “Network-Related Performance Counters” – Added IPv6 and TCPv6.

  • “Performance Tuning for the Storage Subsystem” – Various minor updates throughout.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Servers” –Added guidance for NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate; added “Tuning Parameters for NFS Server”, “File Server Tuning Example”, and “File Client Tuning Example”.

  • “Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host” – Added references to two new white papers on capacity planning.

  • “Monitoring and Data Collection” (multiple sections) – Updated the list of counters to monitor.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (SPECsfs2008)” – New section.

  • “Performance Tuning for SAP Sales and Distribution Two-Tier Workload” – Substantial updates to the whole section.

  • “Performance Tuning for TPC-E Workload” – New section.

  • “Resources” – A few additions and updates.




November 18, 2009

  • Throughout the paper – Updated the references to the Remote Desktop Session Host (previously called Terminal Server); various minor edits.

  • “Choosing a Network Adapter” – Fixed a typo in the RSS registry entries.

  • “Performance Tuning for File Servers” – Added MaxMpxCt parameter information; updated the default maximum payload for the SMB redirector to 64 KB per request; added MaxCmds parameter information.

  • “Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host” – Added information about the settings used when you choose a connection speed.

  • “Resources” – Provided additional resources.

June 25, 2009

First publication.

Contents


Introduction 4

In This Guide 4

Choosing and Tuning Server Hardware 5

Choosing Server Hardware: Performance Considerations 5

Choosing Server Hardware: Power Considerations 8

Power and Performance Tuning 9

Calculating Server Energy Efficiency 9

Measuring System Energy Consumption 10

Diagnosing Energy Efficiency Issues 11

Using Power Plans in Windows Server 11

Tuning Processor Power Management Parameters 12

Interrupt Affinity 14

Performance Tuning for the Networking Subsystem 15

Choosing a Network Adapter 17

Offload Capabilities 17

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 17

Message-Signaled Interrupts (MSI/MSI-X) 18

Network Adapter Resources 18

Interrupt Moderation 18

Suggested Network Adapter Features for Server Roles 19

Tuning the Network Adapter 19

Enabling Offload Features 19

Increasing Network Adapter Resources 20

Enabling Interrupt Moderation 20

Enabling RSS for Web Scenarios 20

Binding Each Adapter to a CPU 20

TCP Receive Window Auto-Tuning 21

TCP Parameters 21

Network-Related Performance Counters 22

Performance Tuning for the Storage Subsystem 23

Choosing Storage 24

Estimating the Amount of Data to Be Stored 25

Choosing a Storage Array 26

Hardware RAID Levels 26

Choosing the RAID Level 30

Selecting a Stripe Unit Size 35

Determining the Volume Layout 36

Storage-Related Parameters 36

I/O Priorities 37

Storage-Related Performance Counters 37

Logical Disk and Physical Disk 37

Processor Information 39

Power Protection and Advanced Performance Option 39

Block Alignment (DISKPART) 40

Solid-State and Hybrid Drives 41

Response Times 41

Queue Lengths 42

Performance Tuning for Web Servers 43

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 43

Operating System Practices 44

Tuning IIS 7.5 44

Kernel-Mode Tunings 45

Cache Management Settings 45

Request and Connection Management Settings 46

User-Mode Settings 47

User-Mode Cache Behavior Settings 47

Compression Behavior Settings 48

Tuning the Default Document List 49

Central Binary Logging 50

Application and Site Tunings 50

Managing IIS 7.5 Modules 51

Classic ASP Settings 51

ASP.NET Concurrency Setting 53

Worker Process and Recycling Options 53

Secure Sockets Layer Tuning Parameters 54

ISAPI 54


Managed Code Tuning Guidelines 54

Other Issues that Affect IIS Performance 55

NTFS File System Setting 55

Networking Subsystem Performance Settings for IIS 55

Performance Tuning for File Servers 55

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 55

Server Message Block Model 56

SMB Model Overview 56

SMB Configuration Considerations 56

Tuning Parameters for SMB File Servers 57

SMB Server Tuning Example 59

Services for NFS Model 60

Services for NFS Model Overview 60

Tuning Parameters for NFS Server 60

General Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 63

File Client Tuning Example 65

Performance Tuning for Active Directory Servers 66

Considerations for Read-Heavy Scenarios 67

Considerations for Write-Heavy Scenarios 67

Using Indexing to Improve Query Performance 68

Optimizing Trust Paths 68

Active Directory Performance Counters 68

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Session Host (formerly Terminal Server) 69

Selecting the Proper Hardware for Performance 69

CPU Configuration 70

Processor Architecture 70

Memory Configuration 70

Disk 71


Network 71

Tuning Applications for Remote Desktop Session Host 72

Remote Desktop Session Host Tuning Parameters 73

Pagefile 73

Antivirus and Antispyware 73

Task Scheduler 73

Desktop Notification Icons 73

Client Experience Settings 75

Desktop Size 77

Windows System Resource Manager 77

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Gateway 77

Monitoring and Data Collection 78

Performance Tuning for Virtualization Servers 78

Terminology 79

Hyper-V Architecture 80

Server Configuration 81

Hardware Selection 81

Server Core Installation Option 82

Dedicated Server Role 83

Guest Operating Systems 83

CPU Statistics 83

Processor Performance 84

VM Integration Services 84

Enlightened Guests 84

Virtual Processors 84

Background Activity 85

Weights and Reserves 85

Tuning NUMA Node Preference 86

Memory Performance 86

Enlightened Guests 86

Correct Memory Sizing for Child Partitions 86

Correct Memory Sizing for Root Partition 87

Storage I/O Performance 87

Synthetic SCSI Controller 87

Virtual Hard Disk Types 88

Passthrough Disks 88

Disabling File Last Access Time Check 89

Physical Disk Topology 89

I/O Balancer Controls 89

Network I/O Performance 90

Synthetic Network Adapter 90

Install Multiple Synthetic Network Adapters on Multiprocessor VMs 90

Offload Hardware 91

Network Switch Topology 91

Interrupt Affinity 91

VLAN Performance 91

VMQ 91

VM Chimney 92



Live Migration 92

Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (NetBench) 92

Registry Tuning Parameters for Servers 93

Registry Tuning Parameters for Client Computers 93

Performance Tuning for File Server Workload (SPECsfs2008) 94

Registry-Tuning Parameters for NFS Server 94

Performance Tuning for Network Workload (NTttcp) 95

Tuning for NTttcp 95

Network Adapter 95

TCP/IP Window Size 96

Receive-Side Scaling (RSS) 96

Tuning for IxChariot 96

Performance Tuning for Remote Desktop Services Knowledge Worker Workload 96

Recommended Tunings on the Server 98

Monitoring and Data Collection 100

Performance Tuning for SAP Sales and Distribution Two-Tier Workload 100

Operating System Tunings on the Server 101

Tunings on the Database Server 102

Tunings on the SAP Application Server 103

Monitoring and Data Collection 104

Performance Tuning for TPC-E Workload 105

Server Under Test (SUT) Tunings 105

SQL Server Tunings 106

Disk Storage Tunings 108

TPC-E Database Size and Layout 108

Client Systems Tunings 108

Monitoring and Data Collection 109

Resources 111




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