Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Szelestey, László (Ladislas) (Felső-szelestey) (Uraiújfalu, County Vas in western Transdanubia, 14 September 1821 - Budapest, 7 September 1875) – Lyric and folk poet, and lawyer. He was a descendant of wealthy parents. He studied in Kőszeg, Sopron and Szombathely, and then he passed his law finals. He worked as the attorney for the Pinkafő estate, but soon turned to literature. His volume Flowers of Feeling (Érzelemvirágok) (1842) was published when he was 21. He liked to engage in politics; he acted as one of the speakers of the liberal opposition of his County Vas. He published his Collected Poems at Istvánfa (Istvánfalu) in 1852. Influenced by the great poet Sándor Petőfi, he began to compose in the popular folk-style, as seen in his selection of poems collectively entitled Cimbalom of Kemenes (1853). After its success, he published the volume of poems, the Lark of the Village (Falu pacsirtája) (1854), regarded as the peak of his career as a poet. With these folk-flavored songs, Szelestey came to be regarded as one of the best-known scenic poets. After the death of his wife he moved to Pest and published his latest poems, Fairyland (Tündérvilág) (1855); he also published his Collected Poems (Összes Költeményeim) in a second edition. Following this, more poems appeared in the volumes Book of the Hussars (Huszárok könyve) and Hours of Dalliance (Pásztorórák) (both in 1859). He edited the Literary Album (Szépirodalmi Album). He wrote poems and articles in the papers of the 1850s. In 1860 he became the town clerk of County Vas, later Member of Parliament representing the County. On 15 March 1864, suspected of political conspiracy, he was arrested, locked up in the New Building (Újépület) of Pest, and sent to prison in Olmütz and Theresienstadt. He was freed in 1867. His years in prison were immortalized in the volume of poems, The Dreams of a Prisoner (Egy rab álmai) (1867). Returning home, he lived in Budapest, returned to politics, and was elected Member of Parliament again. Baron József (Joseph) Eötvös, Minister of Education, appointed him school inspector of County Vas. Later he resigned from his position. – B: 0907, 1031, T: 7456.→Eötvös, Baron József; Petőfi, Sándor.
Szeletz, Arnold Ferenc O.S.B. (Francis) (Pér, 20 February 1900 - Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20 September 1972) – Missionary and teacher. He studied in Győr, but World War I interrupted his schooling. He served on the Italian front. After the War, he continued his studies at the Benedictine College of Pannonhalma, joined the Order and completed his theological and teacher training. He was ordained into priesthood in 1928, and taught at the Teacher Training Department of the College and at the Oblates. He was the Monastery’s main confessor, an enthusiastic orator, religious teacher and Editor of the periodical Pannonhalma Review (Pannonhalmi Szemle). He was appointed the first pastor of ca. 60.000 ethnic Hungarians in Brazil. He arrived in Sao Paolo, Brazil on 23 March 1931. He carried out pastoral work as a guest of the São Bento, German and Brazilian Benedictines. He carried out his missionary work on foot or horseback to the far-away settlements, such as Árpádfalva, Boldogasszonyfalva, Mátyáskirlyfalva, Istvánkirlyfalva and other Hungarian-named pioneer settlements. The largest such settlement, Árpádfalva, was 900 km from São Paulo, where, in 1936, he built a church. In the State of Parana, in the Bocskai and Bethlen settlements, he erected wooden churches. He continued to send accounts to the Mother House, which were published in Pannonhalma. In 1931 he organized the Brazilian Parish of Anastacio, where he was Rector for 33 years, and was also a spiritual leader of all ethnic Hungarians. He was a teacher of Geography in the newly founded St.Imre College. He published several spiritual pamphlets, and the book Blazing Flames (Lobogó tüzek) (São Paulo, 1937, 1938). He took an active part in founding the New Pannonhalma (Új Pannonhalma) monastery in São Paulo. – B: 0945, T: 7103.
Szeli Joseph’s Chronicle – Work of a Parish Priest. In 1757 he was Parish Priest in Hosszúfalva, (now Sãcele, Transylvania, Romania) and in 1763 he wrote his interesting chronicle about the history of the Hungarians in the Barcaság, which was included in the official record of Hosszúfalva. It was published by Mihály (Michael) Borcsa in installments in a Protestant Church and School Journal’s 41st and 42nd editions of 1862. It was falsely presented as Márton Barthos’ Chronicle who, in reality, was only its copier. – B: 1346, T: 3240.
Széll Codex – A hand written songbook from the 16th century named after its discoverer, Farkas Széll. It was published in 1884. Its 76 letters are truncated in several places and contain 6 historical songs from the 16th century, making it that century’s most important and precious epic poetry resource. The manuscript also contains the renowned legend tellig the romance between King Béla III and the daughter of Bankó, based on the poem of Semptei Anonymus. (Az Béla királyrul való és az Bankó leányárul szép história…). It is stored in the University of Prague Library. – B: 1150, T: 3240.→Codex Literature.
Szell, George (György Széll) (Budapest, 7 June 1897 - Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 30 July 1970) – Pianist, conductor and composer. He studied composition and music in Vienna, Austria, and in Leipzig, Germany. In 1908 he enjoyed outstanding success with his works and piano playing in Munich, Vienna and London. From 1914 he regularly conducted in Berlin where, in 1915, he was appointed conductor of the Royal Opera House. He was invited to conduct at the Strasbourg City Theatre between 1917 and 1919. He also worked in the German Theatre in Prague. He introduced himself on 13 February 1920 to the Budapest Opera House with the performance of Bizet’s Carmen. Between 1922 and 1924, he undertook a job in Düsseldorf, Germany; but moved to Berlin again in 1924 to become the first conductor of the National Opera House until 1929. In addition, he also lectured at the Music Academy of Berlin. In 1930 he again worked in Prague. From 1932 he did guest appearances regularly in Western Europe. Széll moved to the U.S.A. in 1939 and, between 1942 and 1946, he was a permanent guest conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. From 1946 until his death, he was General Music Director of the Cleveland Orchestra, where he brought the orchestra up to world level. He performed in Europe again in 1954, and from 1958 with the New York Philharmonic as a permanent guest, where he even gained the title of Artistic Director. In the last years of his life he was Artistic Director of the Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam. Several universities bestowed on him the title of Honorary Doctor. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7684.
Széll Kálmán (Coloman) (Gasztony, 8 June 1843 - Rátót, 16 August 1915) – Politician. In 1867 he was chief magistrate of County Vas. From 1869 until 1911 he was Member of Parliament of Szentgotthárd district, representing the Deák, i.e. the Liberal Party, and then, from 1906 the Constitution Party. From 1875 until 1878 he was Finance Minister in the Governments of Baron Béla Wenckheim and Count Kálmán (Coloman) Tisza. Following this, he founded the Hypothecary Credit Bank, and became its Managing Director, and later President. On his property in Rátót, he established a famous cattle ranch. In 1899 he became Prime Minister, then Minister of the Interior. With the Austrian Prime Minister Körber, he signed the Széll-Körber Pact for economic reconciliation with Austria, which was implemented using the so-called “Széll Formula”. He was defeated in the crisis triggered by his Recruiting Proposal in 1903. In 1906 he joined the dissident group of Andrássy. During the Coalition, he was the leader of the Constitution Party. After the fall of the Coalition, he withdrew from political life. He was directorial member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He continued to be active in the economic arena. Work: Report of the Number Nine Subcommittee (A kilences albizottság jelentése). A Square in Budapest was named after him, which in 1951 became Moscow Square during the communist era (until 1989). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7667.→Deák, Ferenc; Tisza, Count Kálmán; Andrássy, Count Gyula (1).
Szemere, Bertalan (Bartholomew) (Vatta, 27 August 1812 - Pest, 18 January 1868) – Poet, politician. At the start of his career in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia) in 1832, as a young Member of Parliament, he promoted liberal reforms. In 1836 he traveled all across Europe and wrote several books based on his experiences. Between 1841 and 1867, he was one of the chief constables of County Borsod. During the 1843-1844 and 1847-1848 parliamentary sessions, he was one of the leaders of the opposition. In 1848 from April until September, he was Minister of National Affairs in the first responsible government; then, as member of the National Defense Commission, he was Commissioner with full authority of Northern Hungary (Felvidék, now Slovakia). After the dethronement of the Habsburgs as kings of Hungary, he was Prime Minister and Minister of National Affairs. Following the fall of the Revolution and War of Independence in 1849, he lived in Turkey, Paris and London. Szemere was condemned to death in 1851 in contumatiam. In the 1850s he established contact with Marx, providing him with information regarding the situation in Hungary. During his emigration, he came into opposition with Lajos (Louis) Kossuth. From 1860 he took a stand in favor of conciliation with Austria. He returned to Hungary in 1865, suffering from dementia. His main works are: Count Ludwig Batthyány, Arthur Görgey, Ludwig Kossuth, vols. i,ii,iii (Hamburg, 1853); The Hungarian Question 1848-1860 (La question hongroise 1848-1860), (Paris, 1860); My Diary (Naplóm) (1869); Collected Works vols. i-vi (Összegyüjtött munkái I-VI) (1869-1870); Memoirs of Prime Minister Bertalan Szemere on Nationality Politics of the Hungarian Government, 1848-1849 (Szemere Bertalan mniszterelnök emlékirata a magyar kormányzat nemzetiségi politikájáró 1848-1849) (1941), and The Works of Prime Minister Bertalan Szemere (Szemere Bertalan miniszterelnök iratai) (1941). A high school in Budapest named after him; his statue is in Dombóvár. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7667. →Kossuth, Lajos.
Szemere, Pál (Paul) (Pécel, east of Budapest, 19 February 1785 - Pécel, 14 March 1861) – Poet and writer. He grew up in the Buda suburb of Krisztinaváros, where his father was Manager of the Royal Hungarian Governing-Council. He went to school in Buda, Kiskunhalas, Nagykőrös, Pápa, Sárospatak, Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), and a second time in Sárospatak between 1791 and 1804. He became a clerk at the Royal Court of Appeals in 1805. On 4 June 1808 he passed his exam to become an attorney. In 1808 and 1809 he attended the lectures of Schedius on Esthetics at the University of Pest. It was at this time that he developed a close friendship with István (Stephen) Horváth and Mihály (Michael) Vitkovics, thus forming the so-called “triad”, leaving enduring marks on the history of Hungarian literature. It was at this time that he attaracted the attention of Ferenc (Francis) Kazinczy’s attention, and they started a regular correspondence; he also became acquainted with Ferenc (Francis) Kölcsey at this time. In 1810, he was a contributor for István (Stephen) Kultsár, Editor of the journal Reports from Home and Abroad (Hazai és Külföldi Tudósítások). Szemere translated the famous Neuwieder Zeitung as a supplement of the journal. In 1811 he was the assistant of László (Ladislas) Vida at the Hungarian Theater (Magyar Színház). In 1817 he founded the journal Scientific Collection (Tudományos Gyűjtemény), collaborating with Miklós (Nicholas) Jenkowich, György (George) Fejér and István Horváth. From 1818 to 1829 he worked at the Personnel Department of County Pest as Deputy Prosecutor. He was a Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in its linguistic section. On 1 February 1840 he became a member of the Kisfaludy Society. He lived solely for literature and the arts. His works include Gedicht an den Herrn Ladislaus Vida (Poem to Mr. Ladislaus Vida) (1810). A school at his birthplace, Pécel, bears his name. – B: 1031, 1257, T: 7456.→Horváth, István; Vitkovics, Mihály; Kazinczy, Ferenc; Kölcsey, Ferenc.

Szemerédi, Endre (Andrew) (Budapest. 21 August 1940 - ) – Mathematician. His higher studies were at the University of Budapest and received a Ph.D. from the State University of Moscow. His adviser in mathematics was Israel Gelfand. He has held visiting positions at Stanford University, California (1974), McGill University, Montreal, Canada (1980), University of South Carolina (1981-1983) and University of Chicago (1985-1986). He has been in the State of New Jersey Professor of computer science at Rutgers University since 1986. His field of research is combinatorics and theoretical computer science. Szemerédi has published over 200 scientific articles in the fields of Discrete Mathematics, Theoretical Computer Science, Arithmetic Combinatorics, and Discrete Geometry. He is best known for his proof from 1975 of an old conjecture of Paul Erdős and Paul Turán: if a sequence of natural numbers has positive upper density, then it contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progression – known as Szemerédi’s theorem. One of the key tools introduced in his proof is known as the Szemerédi regulatory lemma, which has become a very important tool in combinatorics. He is also known for the Szemerédi-Trotter theorem in incidence geometry and the Hajnal-Szemerédi theorem in graph theory, as well as other important theoremes. Endre Szemerédi has published over 200 scientific articles in the fields of Discrete Mathematics, Theoretical Computer Science, Arithmetic Combinatorics and Discrete Geometry. Szemerédi is a corresponding member (1982), and member (1987) of the Hungarian Academy of Science, and a member (2010) of the National Academy of Science. He is also a member of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton University, and a permanent research fellow at the Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Budapest. His great achievements were recognized by many tributes, including the Grünwald Prize (1967, 1968), Rényi Prize (1973), Pólya Prizre (1975), Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Science (1969), the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize (2008), the doctor honoris causa of the Charles Univeresity of Prague (2010), and the Abel Prize (2012). Endre Szemerédi is a world renowned mathematician. – B: 1031, T: 7103.→Erdős, Pál; Turán, Pál; Rényi, Alfréd; Pólya, György.

Szemerei, János (John) (Lajoskomárom, 1963 - ) – Lutheran Bishop. He was born into a family of many children. His high school studies were at the Endre Ságvári Technical High School of Székesfehérvár, and he studied theology at the Evangelical-Lutheran Theological Academy of Budapest (1982-1987). He was ordained in 1987. He served as assistant pastor, later as pastor in Gyúró. In 1994, the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation of Kaposvár called him as their pasotor. Between 1994 and 2003 he was leader of the Religious Teacher Training Institute in Kaposvár. From 2000 he was the Dean of the Evangelical Deanery of County Zala-Vas. In March 1011 he was elected Bishop of the Western (Transdanubian) Evangelical Diocese, as successor of the retired Bishop János (John) Ittzés. He was consecrated on 25 June 2011 at the Old Church of Győr. – B: 1031, T: 7103 →Ittzés, János; Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary.
Szemes, Mari (Mary) (Sasvár, now Šaštin, Slovakia, 7 May 1932 - Budapest, 10 December 1988) – Actress. She obtained a diploma from the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest, in 1952. She played at the Madách Theater (Madách Színház), then at the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Szeged. In 1954 she was a member of the Petőfi Theater (Petőfi Színház); from 1955 till 1984 was the leading actress of the Attila József Theater (József Attila Színház) and, from 1984 until her death, a member of the National Theater of Budapest. She was an actress with great dramatic power and an excellent sense of humor. She played successfully in classical dramas, but she was most at home in depicting modern women. From 1949, she appeared also in films, and later in TV plays. Her roles included Canina in Jonson’s Volpone; Kate in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew (A makrancos hölgy); Kata in László Németh’s The Nagy Family (A Nagy család); Ilona in Ákos Kertész’s Name Day (Névnap); Nurse in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet; Eszter Gondos in Áron Tamási’s Singing Bird (Énekes madár), and Sarolt in Szörényi-Bródy’s Stephen the King (István a király). Her film roles include Shower (Zápor) (1960); Cold Days (Hideg napok) (1966); The Black Town (A fekete város), TV-series (1971); The Sword (A kard) (1976), and Somewhere in Hungary (Valahol Magyarországon) (1987). She was awarded the Mari Jászai Prize (1960 and 1970), the titles of Merited Artist (1975) and Outstanding Artist (1979), the Pro Urbe Prize (1981), and the Kossuth Prize (1985). – B: 0883, 1122, 1445, T: 7456.
Szemlér, Ferenc (Francis) (Székelyudvarhely, now Odorheiu Secuiesc, Transylvania, Romania, 3 April 1906 - Bucharest, 9 January 1978) – Poet and writer. His daughter is poetess Éva Lendvay Szemlér. He studied in his native town, also in Brassó (now Braşov, Romania), and in the Law Faculty of Bucharest University. He worked in Brassó as a solicitor and journalist. His poems, translations of literary works, prose writings and studies appeared in Transylvanian (Erdélyi) Helikon, Our Age (Korunk), West (Nyugat), Answer (Válasz), and People of the East (Kelet Népe), while his articles appeared in the dailies Pages of Brassó (Brassói Lapok) and Southern News (Déli Hírlap). He was follower of the “West-oriented” poetry, and was also influenced by expressionism. After the publication of his Collected Poems, vols. i,ii (Összegyüjtött versek I,II) (1967), the basic tone of his poetry changed noticeably. His volume, entitled Growth Rings (Évgyűrük) (1970) contains all his pre-1945 prose writings. He was also a productive translator of literary works. Many of his poems appeared also in Romanian. He was a recipient of the State Prize of the Romanian People’s Republic (1953). From 1945 he played a leading role in Hungarian literature and community life. – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Lendvay Szemlér, Éva.
Szenczi Kertész, Ábrahám (Szenc, ? - Nagyszeben, now Sibiu, Romania, Spring 1667) – Printer. It is most likely that he studied in Elzevir’s atelier in Leyden, Holland. In 1640 he headed the Reformed Church’s printing house in Várad (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania). Aided by Prince István (Stephen) Bethlen, he equipped his printing shop with the Elzevir-type letter set. In 1660 he escaped with his printing equipment from the city, ahead of the advancing Turks, to Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). In 1662 he settled in Nagyszeben (now Sibiu, Romania). His beautiful books are outstanding works among the contemporary Hungarian printings. In 1648, Reigning Prince György (George) Rákóczi II (1648-1660) ennobled him for his prominent printing works. His most important publication was the Bible of Várad, (completed in Kolozsvár), the new edition of Gáspár Károli’s Bible translation in 1661. From it 10,000 copies were published. Upon his death, the printing equipment reverted to the Treasury, until 1671, when Prince Mihály Apafi (1662-1690) gave it to the Reformed College of Kolozsvár and Nagyenyed (now Aidu, Romania). His printing house produced 109 Hungarian and 26 Latin publications. – B: 1078, 0883, T: 3240.→Rákóczi II, Prince György; Károli, Gáspár; Apafi I, Prince Mihály.
Szenczi Molnár, Albert (Szenc, 30 August 1574 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 17 January 1639) – Minister of the Reformed Church, linguist and writer. He studied in Szenc, Győr, Gönc, and in Debrecen. He was a tutor in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia) in 1590, in 1590 in Wittenberg, in 1592 in Heidelberg, and between 1593 and 1596, in Strasbourg. Amidst great poverty in Heidelberg between 1597 and 1599, he further developed his knowledge. Until 1600, he lived in Szenc, and traveled all over Northern Hungary (Felvidék, now Slovakia). He studied further in Herborn, worked as a corrector in Frankfurt then, in 1602, at Amberg, as a private tutor. He started writing his Latin-Hungarian dictionary in 1603 and, from 1604, lived in Nuremberg to oversee its printing. Szenczi’s works, Dictionarium latino-hungaricum and Dictionarium hungarico-latinum (Latin-Hungarian and Hungarian-Latin Dictionaries), were published in Nuremberg in 1604. He presented the work, dedicated to Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia in person in Prague. He became the protégé of Moritz, Prince of Hessen at Altdorf, Marburg and Oppenheim. From 1612 he was a minister of the church at the Court of Count Ferenc Batthány, Chief Captain of Transdanubia (Dunántúl) at Rohonc and, for a short time, minister of the church in Komárom. In 1614, he traveled around Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). Its Reigning Prince, Gábor (Gabriel) Bethlen offered him a professorial position, which he refused. In 1615 he returned to Germany, became an assistant teacher in Amberg; he later worked as a cantor and schoolmaster in Oppenheim. His activities established contact between Hungarian and German scientific centers. On Gábor Bethlen’s renewed invitation in 1624, Szenczi returned to Kassa, where the Prince provided for his livelihood. Thus he could devote himself exclusively to his scientific and literary activities until his death in Kolozsvár. He was a purposeful scholar, who wanted to be useful with his whole life’s work. His Latin dictionary, with several revisions, remained the most used dictionary until the middle of the 19th century. With his grammar book of the Hungarian language, written in Latin, following János (John) Sylvester’s, he gave to Europe the knowledge of the specific features of the Hungarian language. He gave the Reformed Church the gift of adapting the Geneva Psalms, the improved Károli Bible, and the translation of Calvin’s Institutions, the Catechism of Heidelberg, and the Scultetus-type sermon collection. His most significant work is the Psalterium Hungaricum, translation of psalms, prepared after the French psalms by Marot and Béza, published in Herborn in 1607. The effect of his work on the development of the Hungarian literary language and Hungarian poetry is epoch-making. – B: 1197, 0883, 1138, 1153, T: 7669.→Bethlen, Prince Gábor; Sylvester, János; Károli, Bible.
Szendrey, Júlia (Mrs. Sándor Petőfi) (Keszthely, 29 December 1828 - Pest, 6 September 1868) – Writer. She met the great poet Sándor (Alexander) Petőfi on 8 September 1846, and they married a year later. As Sándor (Akexander) Petőfi’s spouse and muse, she is a central figure of 19th century feminine characters. After her husband’s death in 1849, she lived in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), then with his father in Erdőd. On July 1850, she married the historian and professor Árpád Horvát, from whom she separated a year and a half before her death. She wrote a few short novels and poems, and a diary. Her works are: Her Poems and Diaries (Költeményei és naplói), collected by Mór, Bihari (Bp., 1909); Her Original Stories (Eredeti elbeszélései), collected by Mór Bihari (Bp., 1909); Her Unknown Diaries, Letters and her Confession on her Deathbed) (Ismeretlen naplója, levelei és halálos ágyán tett vallomása), made public by Lajos Mikes and László Dernői Kocsis (Bp., 1930). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7679.→Petőfi, Sándor.

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