POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR IMPLEMENTING IPM

POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR IMPLEMENTING IPM

1. Introduction

3. 
   The government of Kenya has been emphasising on the commercialization of agriculture. Farmers are expected to increase utilization of external inputs, including pesticides. This IPMP intends to ensure that there is safe and judicious use of pesticides in the country. Worldwide, there is also a common agreement that although agriculture is a main contributor to food security, the sector has contributed to environmental degradation and climate change. Therefore, both the government and international stakeholders have had impact on the implementation and utilization of IPM strategies in Kenya. This has resulted to formulation of policies, institutions and legal frameworks that in one way or another affects agricultural production and agro-enterprises.
   

2. Policies for IPM International policies

4.2.1. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)

3. 
   The Convention on Biological Diversity adopts a broad approach to conservation (Alistsi,2002). It requires Parties to the Convention to adopt national strategies, plans and programs for the conservation of biological diversity, and to integrate the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, programs and policies. The proposed programme is expected to conserve biodiversity, especially the rare and endangered species in the project area and its environs.
   

4.2.2. World Bank Operational Policy on Pest Management, OP 4.09 (1998)

3. 
   The Bank uses various means to assess pest management in the country and support integrated pest management (IPM) and the safe use of agricultural pesticides, economic and sector work, sectoral or project-specific environmental assessments, participatory IPM assessments, and adjustment or investment projects and components aimed specifically at supporting the adoption and use of IPM. In the Bank-financed agriculture operations, it advocates pest populations reduction through IPM approaches such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest.
   
   
   
   
4. 
   The World Bank does not finance any pesticides, which fall under WHO class Ia and Ib.
   

4.2.3 International plant Protection Convention of FAO (1952)

3. 
   The IPPC is an international treaty to secure action to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for their control. It is governed by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) which adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs).
   

4.2.4 United Nations Framework convention on Climate Change (1992)

3. 
   The convention seeks to regulate levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentration in the atmosphere, to avoid the occurrence of climate change at levels that would harm economic development, or that would impede food production activities.
   

4.2.5 World Food Security and the Plan of Action of November 1996

3. 
   This declaration seeks to secure effective prevention and progressive control of plant and animal pests and diseases, including especially those which are of trans-boundary nature, such as rinderpest, cattle tick, foot-and-mouth disease and desert locust, where outbreaks can cause major food shortages, destabilize markets and trigger trade measures; and promote concurrently, regional collaboration in plant pests and animal disease control and the widespread development and use of integrated pest management practices
   

4.2.6 National policies

3. 
   There are several policies that have been developed in the country that have impact on crop production and IPM implementation. Some of these policies are:
   

1. Institutional framework

3. 
   Different institutions and stakeholders are involved in pest management and influence adoption of IPM programs.
   

4.3.1 Agricultural sector ministries

3. 
   The functions of various agricultural ministries are hinged on various policy documents, guidelines and institutional structures. Some of the services provided by the sector ministries include the provision of National direction on agriculture and livestock development, husbandry and management through Agricultural Policy and Services. The lead ministries are also instrumental in guaranteeing national food security through the National Food Policy. Many of the food security policies in Kenya are closely linked to Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
   
4. 
   Both the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Livestock Development provide Extension Services to the lowest administrative levels in the country though it is constrained by various economic, human resource and geographical factors. Many extension services do not only include the development of these natural resources but a high level of pest management; even though, there are institutions charged with express mandate of crop and animal pest management in Kenya.
   
5. 
   Various research institutions are involved in applied research in both crop and animal production. The main focus has been on high yielding varieties of crops and animals as well as development of early maturing and disease resistant varieties. Institutions of particular interest include: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kenya Sugar Research Foundation (KESREF), Coffee Research Foundation (CRF), Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), and Kenya Seed Company (KSC). There are also government financial institutions that support farmers such as Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC) and Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC).
   
6. 
   The key public institutions that support production and marketing are: Nyayo Tea Zones Development Corporation, Kenya Sugar Board, Coffee Board of Kenya, National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB), Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA), Pyrethrum Board of Kenya (PBK), Tea Board of Kenya, Cotton Lint and Seed Marketing Board, Kenya Sisal Board, Kenya Forest Services and New Kenya Cooperative Creameries (New KCC).
   
   
7. 
   There are several public and private institutions that play a major role in pest management in Kenya: Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Pest Control Products Board (PCPB) and National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Agro Chemical Association of Kenya (AAK).
   
   
8. 
   Several commercially oriented institutions, parastatals and companies have been created to address specific enterprises. These include sugar companies, agro-chemical industries, NGOs and farmer organizations (e.g., FPEAK, KENFAP, and Kenya Flower Council).
   
   
9. 
   There are international and regional institutions that are involved in pest management of crops and animals which includes, ILRI, ICIPE, IITA, CYMMIT, CIP, ICRAF (WAC), CIAT, ICRISAT and DLCO
   

1. 
   
   Directory: curated
   curated -> Concept stage
   curated -> Concept stage
   curated -> Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review
   curated -> Report No: aus11011 Central America
   curated -> Report No. 94474-pk fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration
   curated -> Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Costa Rica Telecommunications Sector Modernization Project
   curated -> Environment Impact Assessment For Jiangxi Shangrao Sanqingshan Airport Beijing Guohuantiandi Environmental Technology Development Center. Ltd. Oct. 2012 Content
   curated -> Growth through Innovation An Industrial Strategy for Shanghai By Shahid Yusuf Kaoru Nabeshima April 22nd, 2009
   curated -> Report No: 70178. People's Republic of China
   
   
   
   Download 5.39 Mb.
   
   Share with your friends: