The authors of this report would like to thank Jeffery Adkins (of the NOAA Coastal Services Center) and Susan Durden, Lynn Martin, Katherine Trott, and Charlie Chestnut (of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources), all of whom provided guidance for this report. Several others also took time out of their schedules to provide valuable information for this study, including Stephanie Showalter of the National Sea Grant Law Center, Heidi Recksiek and Todd Davison of the NOAA Coastal Services Center, and Sarah Young of the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
I. Introduction 1
II. Methodology 2
Literature search and review 2
Analysis of literature 2
III. Major social and economic effects of shoreline change by type 3
Property 3
Recreation and tourism 4
Ecosystem goods and services 5
Resilience and vulnerability 6
Conflict 7
IV. Shoreline change policy across the regions 9
V. Effects overview summary for each region 11
Great Lakes region (Minnesota to New York) 11
North Atlantic region (Maine to Chesapeake Bay) 14
South Atlantic region (Chesapeake Bay to southern tip of Florida) 18
Gulf of Mexico region (southern tip of Florida to Texas) 23
VI. Conclusions 31
VII. General References 31
