Through the theoretical adaptation of biometric technologies to people of variable abilities
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- Acknowledgements
- Table of Contents Page List of Tables xiii List of Figures xiv List of Images xv
- Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature 36-52
- Chapter 3. Applied Research Methodologies 53-68
- Chapter 4. Analysis of Data 69-186
- Chapter 5. Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions 188-xxx
- References 203-214 Appendices
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ENHANCING ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: THROUGH THE THEORETICAL ADAPTATION OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES TO PEOPLE OF VARIABLE ABILITIES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the School of Business Kennedy-Western University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management Information Systems by William J. Lawson, Ph.D. Tampa, Florida © 2003
All Rights Reserved Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my Grandmother, Charity Lawson who passed away September 14, 2000. Following a short illness her life was taken away unexpectedly. After our biological mother left when I was 2 years old and my brother Tim was only 3 months old Grandma became the mother to Tim and I. My Grandma had been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement in my life. Grandma was born August 25, 1918 near Chicago, Illinois to Romanian Immigrates (Gypsies). She spent most of her childhood traveling with her parents as a fortuneteller in a circus. If you asked me to tell you what about my Grandmother stood out, I would have to say that she was an extremely proud woman. She held her head high and kept great faith through the many trials and tribulations throughout her life. I would also tell you that I remember her explaining the “Golden Rule” to me when I was 6 years old and I will never forget, she said that it meant to “Do onto others as you wish done onto you”. I am so very proud of my Grandmother - a woman endued with courage, strength, and the will to fight. I am fortunate to have not only loved her, but to have been loved by her. What a gift she gave me, for as I write this dedication a tear rolls down my cheek. I love and miss you Grandma…
This project could not have happened without the enthusiasm and guidance of so many others. It would be impossible to list the names of all of those that have encouraged me in the adaptation of biometrics as an assistive technology. I would therefore, like to pay homage to the insightfulness and courage of the one individual whom opened my eyes to the assistive possibilities of biometric. That person is Michael Burks, Public Relations Officer of the International Center for Disability Research on the Internet. Thank you, Michael... Finally, a thank you to AT&T (my financial sponsor) for their decision to support this project came from their individual leadership. They are leaders whom recognize the value and importance of this study to business and society.
Foundation of the Study 5 Significance of the Study 6 Scope of the Study 7 Rational of the Study 7 Glossary of Terms 8 Overview of the Study 34 Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature 36-52 Mainstream Biometric Technologies 37 Emerging Biometric Technologies 37 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 39 Smart Card Technologies 40 Page Assistive Technologies 42 Cultural Barrier (Disabled & Elderly) 43 Universal Design 45 Adaptation to People of Variable Abilities 45 Privacy/Legal Issues 46 Security Issues 47 Disability Demographics 49 Electronic News Sources 50 Study Associated Standards 50 Summarization of Related Literature 51 Chapter 3. Applied Research Methodologies 53-68 Data Gathering Methods 54 Historical Documentation 55 Quantitative Research Tools 56 Web-Based Surveys 57 One-on-One Interviews 58 Qualitative Research Tools 60 Symposiums 60 Teleconferences 63 Page Technical Committees 63 Electronic Mail Exchanges 64 Communication Participants 65 Database of Study 65 Accuracy, Reliability, Validity of Data 65 Originality and Limitation of Data 67 Methodological Summary 67 Chapter 4. Analysis of Data 69-186 What is a Biometric 70 Contrasting Authentication Methods 71 Contact Biometric Technologies 73 Fingerprint Identification 74 Palm Print and Footprint Identification 77 Hand Geometry 79 Dynamic Keystroke Authentication 80 Dynamic Signature Recognition 82 Contactless Biometric Technologies 83 Facial Geometry 84 Facial Thermography 85
Iris Scan Recognition 86 Retina Scan Recognition 89 Voiceprint Verification 90 Accuracy 91 Liveness Test 92 Advantages 93 Disadvantages 94 Existing Standards 95 Emerging Biometric Technologies 96 Brainwave Biometric 97 DNA Identification 98 Vascular Pattern Recognition 99 Body Odor Recognition 102 Fingernail Bed Recognition 103 Gait Recognition 103 Handgrip Recognition 104 Ear Pattern Recognition 105 Body Salinity Identification 106 Infra-Red Fingertip Imaging & Pattern Recognition 107
Client-Server Architecture 109 Distributed Architecture 109
Smart Card Technologies 111 Hybrid Architecture 114
Civil Rights 122 Individual Anonymity 123 Biometric Technologies 124 Storage Methodologies 125 Private Institutions 127 Government Facilities 128 Public Places 128 Misuse of Personal Data 129 Profiling (Big Brother Watching) 136 Page Security Issues 138 Biometrics Technologies 139 Storage Methodologies 139 Assistive Technologies 142 Existing Standards 142
The Elderly (Aging) Paradigm 146 Old Disability Paradigm 146 New Disability Paradigm 147 Ability Sequestration of Society 157 Biometrics Technologies 158 Biometric Technology Markets 159 Law Enforcement 160 Government Sector 161
Corporate Sector 164 Financial Sector 166 Healthcare Sector 167 Page Adaptation to People of Variable Abilities 168 Reasonable Accommodation 168 Smart Card Interface 169 Control 171 Universal Design 171 Fused Biometric Solution 176 Exoskeleton 179
Risk Assessment Methodology (RAM) 183 Integration Concerns 184
Training/Education 185 Alternative Authentication Methods 186
Appendix 1: To Be Or Not To Be? (Survey Introduction) A-1 Appendix 2: Online Survey: Use of Biometrics and Neural Implants A-2 Appendix 3: One-on-One Interview Questionnaire A-3 Appendix 4: Final Result Matrix: Online Survey - Per Question Breakdown A-4 Appendix 5: Fused Result: Online Survey – By Agreement Levels A-5 Appendix 6: Aggregated Results of One-on-One Interview Questions A-6
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