Tossups by Swarthmore for the 1998 acf regionals
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Tossups by Swarthmore for the 1998 ACF Regionals 1. It began in 1702 with an English attack on St. Augustine, Florida, and continued with a joint French and Indian attack on the Connecticut Valley in 1704. The war's longest campaign ended when Francis Nicholson and 4000 New England colonists captured Port Royal in 1711, conquering Acadia and making it the British province of Nova Scotia. FTP, name this New World conflict contemporaneous with the War of the Spanish Succession and named for the successor of King William III. Answer: _Queen Anne's War_ 2. It takes the form of a philosophical dialogue, including the poet Orontes, who asks for honest criticism from the title character, receives it, and vows revenge; Philinte, who preaches the natural defects of man and the need for politeness; Celimene, who flirts with her many suitors; and Alceste, who pursues Celimene and demands complete honesty and strict morality. FTP, name this pessimistic 1666 play by Moliere. Answer: _LE MISANTHROPE_ or _THE MISANTHROPE_ 3. First performed in the palace of Prince von Schwarzenberg on on April 29-30, 1798, and quickly became the most performed musical work in nineteenth century Germany. Based on a libretto compiled from Milton's Paradise Lost, the Catholic Church attacked it as far too lighthearted a work for its theme. FTP, name this oratorio by Franz Joseph Haydn, intended by its composer to rival Handel's Messiah. Answer: The _CREATION_ (also accept: Die _SCHOEPFUNG) 4. Its discoverer, the Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson, spent 16 years working on it and ultimately shared the 1927 Nobel Prize with Arthur Compton for his work. Wilson began by attempting to duplicate the effects of clouds on mountaintops, by expanding air within a container and cooling it until it became supersaturated. Then Wilson used dust-free air, added radiation, and over time perfected, FTP, this invention, the development of which was crucial to nuclear physics and the study of sub-atomic particles. Answer: _cloud chamber_ 5. When his brother Thyestes had an affair with his wife Aerope, he vowed revenge. He killed Thyestes' two sons, had them torn limb from limb and boiled, and fed them to his brother-- cursing his family for several generations, beginning with the murder of his son by Thyestes' youngest child, Aegisthus. FTP, name this father of Menelaus and Agamemnon and grandfather of Orestes and Electra. Answer: _Atreus_ 6. An adjutant general under Horatio Gates, he was active in the "Conway Cabal" (an attempt to supplant George Washington ) and was a rival of Anthony Wayne and George Rogers Clark for American military leadership in the West. In 1787, he secretly swore allegiance to Spain, but was nevertheless appointed commanding general of the US army and governor of the Louisiana Territory. FTP, name this army officer and conspirator, best known for helping Aaron Burr in his plot against the U.S. government before betraying him as well. Answer: James _WILKINSON_ 7. The phenomenon was first observed in two species of Brazilian forest butterflies in 1862, and Charles Darwin hailed the article in which the explanation was first published (in the Transactions of the Linnaean Society) as evidence that species experienced evolution. A more famous example appears in the monarch and viceroy butterflies, since birds find the former noxious and therefore avoid the similarly colored viceroy. FTP, name this type of mimicry, in which a harmless animal gains protection by evolving to look like a noxious or poisonous relative. Answer: _Batesian mimicry_ 8. After writing a campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln, he was appointed the U.S. consul in Venice. Upon his return, he became assistant editor of The Atlantic Monthly before moving up to editor-in-chief in 1871. Over the next decade, he published works such as Their Wedding Journey and A Chance Acquaintance and encouraged realist and naturalist writers like Henry James and Stephen Crane. FTP, identify this early realist writer, the author of The Rise of Silas Lapham. Answer: William Dean _HOWELLS_ 9. Among its most prominent politicians is former Russian parliament speaker Ruslan Khasbulatov, though Aslan Maskhadov is its current president and Dzhokar Dudayev led its independence drive. Known in Russia as a center of organized crime, it was the subject of stories of Caucasian revolt by Lermontov and Tolstoi. FTP, name this region, whose capital is Grozny, which fought a gruesome war of independence with Russia. Answer: Chechnya (prompt on Chechen-Ingush; do not accept Ingushetia) 10. According to tradition, he was the son of the warrior Finn MacCumhail and lived to be over 300 years old, during which time he championed paganism and opposed the teachings of Saint Patrick. Poems attributed to him were collected in Ireland and Scotland through the 1500s, and in 1760, the 24-year-old Scotsman James Macpherson claimed to have discovered several of this man's works, including the epic poems Fingal and Temora. FTP, name this legendary Gael, the center of a literary scandal surrounding Macpherson that helped inspire ROmantic writers. Answer: Ossian (also accept: Oisin) 11. It was first proposed by the Allied Supreme Council as an armistice line after World War I, extending south from Grodno just past Bialystok and through Brest-Litovsk before following the Bug River to Sokoly and cutting across to the Carpathian mountains. After the 1920 war between Russia and Poland, the armistice line was ignored and the border was set farther east, however, until the Soviets claimed all land east of the line in 1939 under the Hitler-Stalin Pact. FTP, name this line, post-war Poland's eastern border. Answer: the _CURZON LINE_ 12. The horizontal axis represents the population, while the vertical axis corresponds to income; hence, with perfect income distribution, the curve will be a 45 degree-line and deviations from that line show the existence of poverty. FTP, identify this economic representation for income inequality. Answer: _LORENZ CURVE_ 13. The Superconducting Supercollider was designed to produce these as-yet undiscovered particles in large numbers, and the SSC's demise has postponed the search for them. Theorized to permeate the universe like a sort of magnetic field, these particles are thought to interact with different sub-atomic particles in different ways, with the strengths of the interaction perceived by us as mass. FTP, name this theoretical particle, named for the Scottish physicist who first theorized its existence. Answer: _Higgs Boson_ 14. When the Boston Globe decided to drop the "Amazing Spiderman" comic strip, he wrote a letter to the editor that convinced it to reverse its decision; X years before, he began his literary career as a writer for the "About Town" section of the New Yorker. He has published works of poetry including Stories of the Afterlife and is a 2-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for his novels about Harry Angstrom. FTP, name the author of "Rabbit at Rest." Answer: John _Updike_ 15. It took the form of a 365-page letter "to a gentleman in Paris," and began with an attack on the entry of the clergy into politics. It proceeded to criticize universal male suffrage and complete political equality (since the evils of the majority would be worse than those of a king), to praise religion, aristocracy, and hereditary monarchy, and to hail Louis XIV as "a mild and lawful monarch." "The age of chivalry is gone," it concluded, and with the events in France, "the glory of Europe is extinguished forever." FTP, name this 1790 work by Edmund Burke. Answer: _Reflections on the Revolution in France_ 16. Born in Vienna, he worked in a number of jobs-- including as an army officer, playwright, and railroadman-- before coming to the United States in 1914. There he became an actor, and was an assistant to D.W. Griffith in The Birth of A Nation and Intolerance. Soon he began to direct his own films, including 1919's Blind Husbands and 1925's Foolish Wives, and he won a reputation as a spendthrift and a perfectionist (who delayed filming the latter movie for a day because the gold rims on 1000 champagne glasses were a quarter inch too narrow.) FTP, name this post-World War I film director of such movies as The Merry Widow, Queen Kelly, and Greed. Answer: Erich von _STROHEIM_ 17. Until 1932 it was known as the gauss, before that became the term for the unit of mathematical induction. It is defined as the intensity of a magnetic field in a vacuum in which a unit magnetic pole experiences a magnetic force of one dyne in the direction of the field. FTP, identify this CGS unit of magnetic field strength, named for a Danish physicist. Answer: _oersted_ 18. Officially, it ended only with the overthrow of Bahadur Shah II in 1857, though the dynasty had steadily lost power to the British for over 100 years. It began with the conquests of Kabul and Lahore in 1504 and 1507, and spread with further victories at Panipat, Khanua, and on the Gogra by Babar, and during the eighteenth century entered into an uneasy relationship with the British East India Company. FTP, name this last Moslem empire of India, most famous for Shah Jahan and his Taj Mahal. Answer: _MOGUL_ or MUGHAL_ empire or dynasty 19. An avid birdwatcher, he was particularly proud of his sighting of a rare prothonotary warbler, which came back to haunt him in a later congressional hearing. A former clerk to Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, he joined FDR's State Department in 1936, moving up the ranks to accompany Roosevelt to Yalta in 1945 and to become the Secretary General of the 1946 San Francisco conference at which the UN was founded. After leaving government to head the Carnegie Endowment, however, he was accused by Whittaker Chambers of having spied for the USSR in the 1930s. FTP, name this accused spy, convicted of perjury in 1950. Answer: Alger _HISS_ 20. Pope Paul III called it in 1545 after aborted attempts to meet in Mantua and Vicenza, and Pope Pius IV confirmed its decrees in 1564 in his _Profession of the Tridentine Faith_. It rejected Pelangianism and defended the Sacraments, and it addressed but did not resolve the problem of episcopal residency. For ten points, name this Catholic council that began the Counter Reformation and is named for the North Italian city in which it met. Answer: _COUNCIL OF TRENT_ 21. Its name is derived from the Latin for "sewer", and it can be found in every vertebrate but placental mammals. It is the most common excretory organ among amphibians, birds, reptiles, and some fish, and it is present in the platypus and the echidna. FTP, name this chamber and outlet, into which the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts all open. Answer: _cloaca_ 22. When hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form water vapor, the ratio of the volumes of these gases is always 2:1:2 (assuming that temperature and pressure remain constant), since (according to Avogadro's Law) the number of molecules in a given volume of gases is the same for all elements and thus the molecules must combine in the same simple proportions. This is an example, FTP, of what basic gas law, named for the scientist who discovered it in 1808? Answer: _Gay-Lussac's law_ of combining volumes 23. It begins in a military camp in the Caucasus, where a Serbian army officer with notorious bad luck challenges the odds and wins a round of Russian roulette, despite the certainty of a colleague that he was going to die. The story continues with the murder of the Serb by a drunken Cossack later that night, and with the daring capture of the Cossack by Pechorin, the story's protagonist. FTP, name this short story my Lermontov, the final part of A Hero of Our Time. Answer: The _FATALIST_ (Do Not Accept: A Hero of Our Time-- the work as a whole does not begin in a military camp) 25. In 1702, John Dennis wrote that this play had been written at the request of Queen Elizabeth, who wanted to see Falstaff in love. The plot revolves around Falstaff's financially inspired courtship of the title characters, Mistresses Ford and Page. FTP, name this 1601 Shakespearean drama, set in the British royal palace. Answer: The Merry Wives of Windsor 26. Though it has many variations, the most frequent style includes two vertical cylindrical posts, topped by two horizontal beams (the top one of which is often arched.) Many are painted bright red, and are located either at a sacred mountain or rock or in a shrine, between the outer limits of a sacred area and the inner sanctuary. FTP, identify this ceremonial gateway to the sacred precincts of Japanese Shinto temples. Answer: _TORII_ 27. Most of its climate is moderate continental, though the Beli Drim Valley in the south experiences mediterranean weather. Much of the area is drained by the Sitnica River, while the main cities are Mitrovica, Prizren, Pec, and the capital, Pristina. The vast majority of the people are ethnic Albanians, though there is a sizable Serbian minority. FTP, name this province of Serbia, most famous for the 1389 battle at which the Turks defeated the Serbs. Answer: Kosovo 28. His first known work is a triptych representing the Passion and Resurrection of Christ, now located at the Sebalduskirche in Nuernberg, Germany, while his final work, a series of seven reliefs showing the stations of the cross, showed the simplicity present in many of his reliefs. Born in the mid-fifteenth century in Nuernberg, he became part of the school of sculpture named for that city and is best known for the tabernacle of the Lorenzkirche there. FTP, name this German sculptor, famous for his restraint and simplicity. Answer: Adam _KRAFT_ 29. It was founded by a seventeenth-century Dutchman born in Utrecht of Catholic parents, but was closely influenced by the Augustinian theology of the Calvinists; it attacked free will, championed predestination, and denounced moral laxity. FTP, name this Roman Catholic religious movement that clashed with the Jesuits, opposed the absolutism of Louis XIV (and thereby earned the persecution of the state), and won the loyalty of Jean Racine and Blaise Pascal. Answer: _JANSENISM_ 30. He could speak 18 languages, including both Latin and Greek, which he taught at the University of Salamanca; he learned Danish so that he could read Kierkegaard in the original. He wrote several short novels, including 1931's San Miguel bueno, martir, and won acclaim for his philosophical works, including The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and in Peoples. FTP, name this Basque-Spanish philosopher, known for exploring the relationship between faith and reason and the longing for immortality. Answer: Miguel de _UNAMUNO_ y Jugo Bonus Questions by Swarthmore for the 1998 ACF Regionals 1. For the stated number of points, identify the following characters from David Copperfield: 1. For 5: Identify the obsequious court clerk who speaks constantly of "umble pie": Answer: Uriah _HEEP_ 2. For 10: Name Copperfield's second wife: Answer: _AGNES_ Wickfield 3. For 15: Name Copperfield's stepfather: Answer: Mr. _MURDSTONE_
1. For 5 points: This set of five marches contains the section "The Land of Hope and Glory," and is frequently played at graduations. Answer: _Pomp and Circumstance_ 2. This 1896 orchestral work was, Elgar said, based on the countermelody of a well-known tune that he refused to reveal, lending the piece its name. Answer: _Enigma Variations_ 3. This oratorio, seen by many as Elgar's masterpiece, was based on a poem by Cardinal John Henry Newman that described the title figure's visions of heaven and purgatory. Answer: The _Dream of Gerontius_
1. In fruits, it is a ripening hormone, but in senescent leaves it inhibits growth and causes abscission; it is the only gaseous plant hormone. Answer: _ethylene_ 2. This group of hormones promote cell division and differentiation, aid in fruit development and the formation of roots from cuttings, while promoting phototropism and discouraging gravitotropism. It also proomotes the lengthwise growth of plants. Answer: _auxin_ 3. These hormones stimulate the growth of stems, while aiding in the bolting of rosette plants (like carrots) that have been exposed to unusual environmental stimuli. Answer: _giberellin_s
1. For 5 points: " And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling-- my darling-- my life and my bride." Answer: Annabel Lee 2. For 10 points: "Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur that was Rome." Answer: To Helen 3. For 15 points: "Hast thou not torn the Naiad from her flood, The Elfin from the green grass, and from me The summer dream beneath the tamarind tree?" Answer: Sonnet-- To Science
1. After Odysseus's men open the bag given to him by Aeolus and release the winds, the ship is driven away from Ithaca to the land of these giant cannibals of the far north. Answer: Laestrygonians 2. These utopian residents of the island of Scheria were ruled by King Alcinous and Queen Arete, and agreed to send Odysseus home to Ithaca in one of their extremely fast ships. Answer: Phaeacians 3. This Phaeacean princess found Odysseus after his shipwreck and leads him to her parents in the royal palace. Answer: Nausicaa
1. For 15: Judith, The Coronation of the Virgin, Calumny For 5: Primavera, The Birth of Venus Answer: Sandro _BOTTICELLI_ 2. For 15: The Madonna of the Chair, the Madonna of the Goldfinch, and the Alban Madonna For 5: The Disputation over the Sacrament, and Mt. Parnassus Answer: _RAPHAEL_ Sanzio or Santi
30: Alexander the Great ordered that every building in this city be destroyed, with the exception of the house of the poet Pindar. 20: Among the atrocities committed by members of its royal house was the execution of Queen Dirce at the hands of Zethus and Amphion, who tied her to the horns of a bull. 10: Cadmus was the founder of this city; its later kings included Laius and Oedipus. Answer: _Thebes_
1. For 5 points: He was elected to the Royal Society for his work in cataloguing the stars of the Southern Hemisphere from Saint Helena and attempted to calculate the age of the world by studying the salinity of the ocean, but is best known as the first to calculate the orbit of a comet. Answer: Edmond _HALLEY_ 2. For 10 points: Originally a musician, his observations led to the cataloguing of 2500 nebulae and 848 binary stars, and in 1781 he discovered Uranus. Answer: _WILLIAM HERSCHEL_ (prompt on Herschel) 3. For 15 points: At the age of 27, he suggested to King Charles II that he establish a royal observatory to plot the path of the moon. He then became the first astronomer royal, and the old home of the head of the Greenwich Observatory is named for him. Answer: John _FLAMSTEED_ 9. Answer the following questions about Sikhism for 10 points each: 1. What son of a revenue collector became the first Sikh guru and is generally considered the founder of the religion? Answer: Guru _NANAK_ 2. The execution of several Gurus and persecution by the Mughals prompted the creation of this fraternity of class of soldier-saints, whose name means "the pure". Answer: _KHALSA_ 3. This is the one canonical work of the Sikh religion, a series of hymns and writings compiled by the fifth guru, Arjun. Answer: the _ADI GRANTH_ (prompt on "Granth")
1. For five points, this engagement was the only major battle of the Franco-Prussian War. Answer: _Sedan_ 2. For ten points, the Prussians decisively won the Austro-Prussian War at this July 3, 1866 battle, where the use of the needle-gun helped bring about sudden victory. Answer: _Koeniggratz_ (or _Sadowa_) 3. For fifteen points, Denmark's violation of this 1852 international agreement on the status of Schleswig and Holstein helped lead to war with Prussia in 1864. Answer: the _LONDON PROTOCOL_
1. For 5: Wilson's best known and most controversial works comes in this discipline, which provides the name of his 1975 book. Answer: _Sociobiology_ 2. For ten: Wilson and Bert Holldobler won a Pulitzer Prize for a study of this type of animal. Answer: the _ant_ 3. For fifteen: Wilson is also the co-developer of this theory, which attempts to relate the size and location of an island to its flora and fauna. Answer: the _theory of island biogeography_
1. Thomas Pynchon Answer: _Mason and Dixon_ 2. Toni Morrison Answer: _Paradise_ 3. John Updike Answer: _Toward the End of Time_
1. This eigteenth century Scottish geologist first studied as a lawyer, then as a doctor, before he turned to chemistry and farming. In the 1760s, he returned to Edinburgh and began work in geology, publishing his theory of uniformitarianism -- stating that the world's geological processes have been operating in the same way throughout history-- in 1785, and publishing his masterwork, the two-volume Theory of Earth, in 1793. Answer: James _HUTTON_ 2. A lawyer and the son of a naturalist, he travelled throughout Europe and North America to make geological observations and published Principles of Geology and Elements of Geology. His work generally won the acceptance of uniformitarianism, and was helpful to the development of evolutionary theory; a friend of Darwin, he eventually came to accept natural selection tentatively. Answer: Charles _LYELL_
1. FTP, name the author and the work. Answer: Aleksandr Isayevich _SOLZHENITSYN_, The _Gulag Archipelago_ 2. For another ten points each , identify the multi-volume work intended by Solzhenitsyn to be his magnum opus and the statement of his vision of Soviet history, and any one of its four parts, all of whose titles are months and years. Answer: The _Red Wheel_; _August 1914_, _November 1916_, _March 1917_, or _April 1917_ (only one of these last four is needed)
1. Nathan der Weise Answer: Gotthold Ephraim _LESSING_ 2. Die Raueber Answer: Johann Christian Friedrich _SCHILLER_ 3. Deutschland, Ein Wintermaerchen Answer: Heinrich _HEINE_
30: The Citizen of the World 10: The Vicar of Wakefield, She Stoops to Conquer Answer: Oliver _GOLDSMITH_
1. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH Answer: _alanine_ 2. NH2-CH2-COOH Answer: _glycine_ 3. (CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH Answer: _leucine_
1. This Egyptian handmaiden was the mother of Ishmael. Answer: Hagar 2. He was Joseph's only full brother. Answer: Benjamin (or Benoni) 3. This cave was purchased as a burying ground for Sarah. Answer: Machpelah
1. For 5: This is the largest of Antarctica's ice shelves. Answer: _ROSS_ Ice Shelf 2. For 10: This sea adjoins the Antarctic Peninsula and Coats Land and surrounds Berkner Island. Answer: _WEDDELL_ Sea 3. For 15: Ironically, this mountain chain just south of the Weddell Sea (containing Mount Hawkes) shares its name with a Florida city. Answer: _PENSACOLA_ Mountains
1. After studying in Italy, Jones was hired as a court painted by what Danish king? Answer: CHRISTIAN IV 2. Jones's best-known work was what government building, completed between 1619 and 1622? Answer: the _Banqueting House_, Whitehall (prompt if only "Whitehall" is given) 3. What is Jones's only surviving royal building? Answer: _Queen's Chapel_ at St. James's Palace
Answer: _VENEZUELA_, _ECUADOR_, _PANAMA_ For another fifteen points, by what name was the union of Panama and Colombia known after the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador? Answer: _NUEVA GRANADA_ (or _New Granada_) 22. Given the former name of a nation, give its current name for 10 points each: 1. The Gold Coast Answer: _Ghana_ 2. The Seven Trucial States Answer: The _U_nited _A_rab _E_mirates 3. Dahomey Answer: _Benin_
1. 100 Years of Solitude Answer: Gabriel _GARCIA MARQUEZ_ 2. The House of the Spirits Answer: Isabel _ALLENDE_ 3. The Famished Road Answer: Ben _OKRI_
1. He drove the Persians from Antioch and recovered the relic the True Cross, but in 636 the Moslems defeated his army and took Syria. To reconcile the Orthodox and Monophysite churches, he proposed the unpopular doctrine of Monothelitism which said that Jesus was both divine and human, but that these two natures united as one will. Answer: _HERACLIUS_ 2. He lost the battle of Manzikert in 1071 because his Frankish soldiers refused to fight and one of his Imperial armies fled the battlefield. When he returned home to Constantinople, he was deposed and the new Emperor put out his eyes. Answer: _ROMANUS DIOGENES_ or _ROMANUS IV_ (Prompt on _DIOGENES_) 3. He drove Robert Guiscard from the east, and in 1095, his appeal to Pope Urban II for soldiers to battle the Seljuk Turks prompted the First Crusade. His daughter Anna wrote his biography which is the major primary source in Greek of the First Crusade. Answer: _ALEXIUS COMNENUS_ or _ALEXIUS I_ (Prompt on _COMNENUS_)
1. During that month, the US initiated the crisis when they seized Confederate emissaries from a British mail ship. FTP, name the ship. Answer: HMS _TRENT_ 2. The two seized emissaries were the CSA commissioners to France and Britain. FTP, name either man. Answer: James _MASON_, John _SLIDELL_ 3. For a final ten points, name the US ship -- christened after an earlier battle-- that confronted the Trent. Answer: USS _SAN JACINTO_ 26. For 10 points apiece, name these traitors in Tudor England. 1. In 1551, he tried and executed his court rival, Edward Seymour, on false charges. Two years later, he persuaded Edward VI to declare his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, the royal heir. When Edward died, he ruled England through Jane for nine days until Mary Tudor entered London and executed him. Answer: John Dudley, Duke of _NORTHUMBERLAND_ (Accept _J_ohn _DUDLEY_) 2. When Mary I decided to wed Spains King Philip II in 1554, this Protestant led an uprising to place Mary's half sister Elizabeth on the throne. He persuaded Mary's army to join him and camped outside London until Mary delivered a speech at Guildhall that inspired Londoners to form a new army that put down his rebellion. Answer: Thomas _WYATT_ 3. In 1600, a special court stripped him of his lands and imprisoned him, but Francis Bacon convinced Queen Elizabeth to restore his liberty. A year later, he led an unsuccessful insurrection in London to force Elizabeth to dismiss his enemies from her court; he was executed the next February. Answer: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of _ESSEX_ (Accept _R_obert _DEVEREUX_)
1. In this 1824 case, the court struck down a New York monopoly on steamboat operations granted to Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston. Answer: _GIBBONS V. OGDEN_ 2. In this 1905 case, the court struck down a New York state law mandating maximum hours for bakers. Answer: _LOCHNER V. NEW YORK_ 3. In this 1962 case, the court threw out a "non-denominational prayer" prepared by the New York Board of Regents for public schools, forbidding school prayer. Answer: _ENGEL V VITALE_
1. For five: Deimos and Phobos Answer: Mars 2. For ten: Nereid and Triton Answer: Neptune 3. For fifteen: Janus, Hyperion, and Tethys Answer: Saturn
1. The French consul in Mosul excavated the palace of the Assyrian king Sargon II near modern Khorsabad; the rumor spread that he had discovered Nineveh, leading to interest in further work. Answer: Paul-Emile _BOTTA_ 2. This German schoolteacher bragged to his drinking buddies that he could decipher cuneiform, and made the breakthroughs in studying the Persian cuneiform script that enabled scholars to read Mesopotamian writing. Answer: Georg Friedrich _GROTEFEND_ 3. This British consul at Baghdad independently translated the Persian inscriptions at Behistun, was a pioneer in deciphering Mesopotamian text, and provided numerous antiquities to the British museum. Answer: Henry Creswicke _RAWLINSON_ Directory: 2009 2009 -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide 2009 -> Guide to learn how to install, set up and access the music you need today! 2009 -> Lesson #11: Words with 2009 -> Terry L. Root 2009 -> The environment in the news 2009 -> Town of Nags Head Annual Report 2009 -> Cemir international Download 66.58 Kb. Share with your friends:
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