Working With Difficult Interactions



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Working With Difficult Interactions

John Plonski – Covenant House International – 212-727-4040 – jplonski@covenanthouse.org




Each of us has our own reasons for doing the work we do. There are the reasonable hours, the thrill of working with the latest up to date technology and, of course, the monetary incentive. However, almost universally, people in the field will mention the personal satisfaction they get from helping Callers solve their problems. When we help reunite the runaway with their family; when we help the single mom get the rent assistance she needs to stave off eviction; when we involve the elderly shut-in involved with a program that provides home visitation, when we help the suicidal Caller decide on a more adaptive way of dealing with their pain we feel good because we “done good”. We “like” all our Callers because they allow us the opportunity to feel good. Or do we?
The answer is we don’t. While we would like to maintain that we are not affected by such interactions they do, in fact, engender negative feelings in us. We tend to identify the Caller as being “Difficult”. Once we do that we become judgmental which violates the core concept of Unconditional Positive Regard. This places us at odds with not only the Caller but ourselves and our basic training. We come to view the situation as something being done to us. We come to a point where we are no longer “interacting” but are reacting. We forget or, more pragmatically, fail to admit that feelings of helplessness and frustration can and do result from certain types of calls. In addition, viewing the Caller as difficult introduces the danger that someone in actual need may not receive the full benefit of the services the agency is able to offer.
It is also important to be aware of the boundaries of Crisis Intervention:1


  • The Crisis Intervention Specialist must clearly understand the boundaries of Crisis Intervention, what they can reasonably expect themselves to accomplish and what is beyond their control.




  • Feelings of helplessness often result when certain types of calls occur over and over and over again, together with a sinking feeling that there is never going to be a long-term solution for certain inquirers. And that whatever you do, it is not going to be enough and that the inquirer is never going to feel it is enough.




  • Crisis Intervention Specialists must accept that there is not an ideal solution for every problem, and some problems may have no solution.




  • Crisis Intervention Specialists have no control over whether an inquirer follows through or whether they will eventually receive the help they need from an agency that they do contact immediately. It is important for Crisis Intervention Specialists to set reasonable expectations for themselves, and that those expectations relate to the aspects of their work that are under their control -- making accurate assessments and providing appropriate referrals.




  • Crisis Intervention Specialists must always be aware of their personal triggers – the types of problems and the types of inquirers that cause stress that may be out of all proportion to the situation.




  • Debriefing with colleagues and/or supervisors is an important mechanism in dealing with potential burn-out.




  • A Crisis Intervention service cannot “turn people’s lives around”; although it may help people take the first steps in this direction. An Crisis Intervention service listens to people, sometimes for the first time, and directs them to agencies that can turn their lives around. A Crisis Intervention program is a critical part of a system of services – but it is not the entire human services system.




  • Every day in every Crisis Intervention, there are numerous inquiries to feel very good about. With the help of the Crisis Intervention team, people are being helped. And that is the feeling in which to frame the memory of every day.

Every one of us working in the field has our list of Callers that have the effect of fingernails on a chalkboard when we hear them. We will term such Callers “Difficult Callers”, as some other appellations we have for them may not be acceptable in mixed company. While we may not freely admit it, this is the reality. Maybe Will Rogers never met a person he didn’t like but he wasn’t doing Crisis Intervention for a living.


Having admitted that there are such Callers. How do we identify them? With each of us having our own list, how do we define who they are? From experience it seems the following definition describes who the “transgressors” are. For our purposes we will define Difficult Callers to be those Callers:



  • Who call for purposes other than Crisis Intervention

  • Whose needs, conditions, or manner of presentation induces the Crisis Intervention Specialist to feel they lack the skills to address the situation

  • Whose contact is motivated by a problem they are unwilling or unable to identify or address

  • Whose behavior, lifestyle, or personality we find personally unattractive.

In addition there are definite differences in the way Difficult Callers interact with us as opposed to our usual Callers. The following chart delineates some of those differences.




Typical Crisis Intervention Caller:

Difficult Caller:

Calls in response to a current situation they are unable to cope with.

Calls in response to a situation in their past that is still not resolved or a current ongoing chronic situation.

Works actively with the Worker to attain problem resolution.

Actively resists being involved in the Crisis Intervention Process.

Responds as if the Crisis Intervention Process is a new experience for them.

Seems to possess an awareness or knowledge of the Crisis Intervention Process.

Is unsure of what information the Worker needs to help them.

Provides detailed information about themselves and their situation.

Responds to the reflection of feelings but generally doesn’t use their own feeling words.

Uses feeling words in discussing their situation.

Is interested only in changing their situation.

Is mostly interested in the transitory relief offered by talking.

Generally, respectful of the Worker and appreciative of their efforts.

While not necessarily disrespectful of the Worker and their efforts they can be aggressive, angry, manipulative, and/or demanding.

Wants to know how or if they can change their situation.

Wants to know about the Worker.

Unaware of what help is available to them.

Is very aware of the help available to them.

Views the Worker as a facilitator.

Views the Worker as a friend, acquaintance, or captive audience.

“What can I do for myself?”

“What can you do for me?”

“Is this a Help Line?”

“Is this a Talk Line?”

“Yes, that may work. I’ll try it.”

“Yes, that may work . . .But . . .” Alternately, “Been there . . .done that. . .nothing works”.

Seeks realistic resolutions.

Demands miraculous/impossible resolutions.

Helps the Worker to understand their situation.

Blocks the Worker from understanding their situation.

Contact is linear with a beginning, middle, and end.

Contact is circular moving from beginning to beginning.

Accepts problem-solving input.

Resists problem-solving input.

Will accept formal counseling or treatment as a viable resolution.

Rejects formal counseling or treatment as a viable resolution.

Has conscious control over their contacts.

Contacts are a result of habitual need.

Maintains hope that things can get better.

Maintains the belief that there is no hope things will get better.

In looking at the above definition and chart we must recognize that it is the behavior of the Caller and our reactions to that behavior which define the Difficult Callers. What this says to us is that Callers are difficult not only because of who they are but how we perceive and react to them. This means that in order to interact effectively with these Callers we need to not only understand them and their motivations but ourselves also.


Using the above criteria there seems to be 12 different types of Difficult Callers that we will refer to as the Difficult Dozen. So without further adieu:


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