1ac heg Advantage Scenario 1 is Leadership
AT: Space Leadership inevitable
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AT: Space Leadership inevitableLogston 03- John M. Logsdon is Director of the Space Policy Institute of George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs in Washington, DC. “REFLECTIONS ON SPACE AS A VITAL NATIONAL INTEREST” p. 7 http://www2.gwu.edu/~spi/assets/docs/space_as_a_national_interest.pdf The basic confidence that the sector can deliver on to its claims has been badly shaken over the past few years. Unless the space community reverses recent negative trends and uncertainties, understands why it has a credibility problem, and takes steps to regain the confidence of those that provide its funds, its ever taking a more central role in support of U.S. interests could be threatened. There is nothing inevitable about national leadership giving space capabilities a central role in the U.S. economy or military planning; that position must be earned. Political Will KeyLogston 03- John M. Logsdon is Director of the Space Policy Institute of George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs in Washington, DC. “REFLECTIONS ON SPACE AS A VITAL NATIONAL INTEREST” p. 16-17 http://www2.gwu.edu/~spi/assets/docs/space_as_a_national_interest.pdf There is a certain chicken-and-egg character to the call for a centralized space policy structure. It seems such a structure would be necessary to manage the government’s role in the space sector as a “vital national interest,” but is unlikely to be established until the President and his associates assign that status to the sector in practice as well as rhetoric. The Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization recommended that “The President should consider establishing space as a national security priority.”22 This is not yet happened, of course. One possible path towards an increased priority for space within the White House has negative overtones. If for some reason the United States lost some portion of its access to space or its ability to use an important space capability, that development might dramatize the crucial role of space in support of national objectives and interests. Short of such a development, it will take the recognition by the President or one of his senior advisers of the importance of space to initiate needed organizational changes. Taking steps such as those just suggested will require acts of will from all involved, since none are easy to carry out. What has been most missing in the space sector over the past three decades is precisely the national will to excel, and to tap the potentials of space for their maximum contribution to the nation. When President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961 asked the Congress to approve his decision to send Americans to the moon, he said: “Let it be clear that I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action.” He added to his prepared text: “This is the choice and finally you and the American public must decide.”23 The national will to accept the Apollo commitment did emerge and was sustained through the July 1969 first lunar landing. It took a challenge by the U.S. Cold War adversary, the Soviet Union, to catalyze this expression of national will. It is not clear what can provide a similar catalyst today, but without it the most likely future is continuation of the “lethargy” pointed out by the Aerospace Commission. The Aerospace Commission report notes that “Japan, China, Russia, India and France, to name a few, see space as a strategic and economic frontier that should be actively pursued.” It adds “So should we.”24 Whether an international challenge to U.S. space leadership is either likely or sufficient to produce an Apollo-like response is debatable Space Leadership lowThinning out bureaucracy is key to government support the private industry New York Times 04- WARREN E. LEARY and JOHN SCHWARTZ staff writers, June 14 “NASA Is Urged To Widen Role For Businesses” Section A; Column 5; National Desk; Pg. 1, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/15/us/nasa-is-urged-to-widen-role-for-businesses.html NASA needs to thin out its bureaucracy and turn over many tasks to private industry if the agency is to carry out President Bush's new vision to explore the Moon and Mars, a presidential commission has concluded. The panel, the President's Commission on Moon, Mars and Beyond, which spent months considering how to reach goals outlined by Mr. Bush in a January speech, said the venture would require huge changes within NASA and steady commitment from government. ''The commission unanimously endorses this ambitious yet thoroughly achievable goal of space exploration,'' the panel said in a report to be issued Wednesday. ''Our journey will require the government to embrace fundamental changes in its management and organization.'' The panel also recommended restoring an advocate for space programs at the White House by creating a Space Exploration Steering Council. A similar council existed under the first President Bush but disbanded with his administration. Details of the report were first disclosed by Space.com, an Internet site specializing in space issues; a summary of the report was obtained by The New York Times. It said NASA should make itself a leaner organization that concentrates on research and developing space technology that is not readily available. Any technology or services useful to the space program that are available from private industry should be contracted out, it said. The agency should encourage private industry ''to assume the primary role of providing services to NASA,'' the report said -- leaving it to industry to launch most payloads into low orbit around the Earth, for instance. ''In NASA decisions, the preferred choice for operational activities must be competitively awarded contracts with private and nonprofit organizations,'' it said. ''NASA's role must be limited to only those areas where there is irrefutable demonstration that only government can perform the proposed activity.'' Increased commercialization is crucial, the panel said, ''to attainment of exploration objectives within reasonable schedules and affordable costs.'' The government will look for innovation in the private sector to solve bureaucracy the government doesn’t want another Apollo program New York Times 04- WARREN E. LEARY and JOHN SCHWARTZ staff writers, June 14 “NASA Is Urged To Widen Role For Businesses” Section A; Column 5; National Desk; Pg. 1, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/15/us/nasa-is-urged-to-widen-role-for-businesses.html The NASA administrator, Sean O'Keefe, has repeatedly suggested that NASA should get out of the business of doing things in low Earth orbit and should be focusing its financing and goals instead on exploration beyond the home planet. Mr. O'Keefe said last week that the agency would take the commission's work seriously and expected to adopt many of its recommendations. NASA is already studying a reorganization, which according to draft documents would combine several departments within the agency and reduce the size of its bureaucracy. Howard E. McCurdy, a space expert at American University, said that at first blush, the commission might seem to be endorsing what had been happening to a great extent at NASA, with contractors already doing a good deal of the work at the agency. Within the space shuttle program, Professor McCurdy said, the main contractor, United Space Alliance, and other companies ''don't sit in the front room at mission control, but they do just about everything else.'' Still, if the space program was restructured as the commission suggests, NASA would be looking to entrepreneurs for more innovation and creativity as well, he said. And that, he said, would mean an utterly transformed space agency. ''It's not going to be some huge Project Apollo that will get us back to the Moon,'' he said. That program cost an estimated $150 billion in current dollars, he said -- a price that America is unlikely to pay. 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