Airo national research journal

Aspect of Foreign Language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language#Language-standards_regulators

In a general scenario the effects of industrial pollution om red gram at Kurnool at Andhra Pradesh we have certain survey data to analyze and determine the facts of the study . In this continuation we have to present a carried out data at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India just to reveal the effect of pollutants releasing from an industry on physiology of Cajanus cajan (L.), a pulse yielding crop of Fabaceae. The total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, relative water content and P H of the leaf extract was measured following the standard methods. On basis of them the Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of the crop was calculated for two leaf samples, one collected from polluted field of industrial area and another from a nearby unpolluted village field. The study revealed an increase in APTI of the leaves collected from polluted site. The percentage increase in APTI was 13.14. This indicates the tolerance capacity of the crop to a polluted smoke releasing from the industry and the crop may be recommended to the farmers of urban area for their economic growth. Indian cities are being exposed to high levels of air pollution and people living in these cities are paying a price for the deterioration in air quality. The serious problem is with airborne particulate matter (Agarwal et al.1999) due to industrialization and urbanization. The pattern of economic growth is becoming increasingly associated with environmental pollution. Agricultural crops can be injured when exposed to high concentrations of various air pollutants. Injury ranges from visible markings on the foliage, reduced growth and yield to premature death of the plant. The pollutants can cause a serious threat to the overall physiology of plants (Ashenden & Williams, 1980; Mejstrik, 1980; Anda, 1986). Leaf is the most sensitive part to the air pollutants (Lal & Singh, 1990).

State	Year	Percentage of Pollution
Andhra Pradesh	2009	52%
Andhra Pradesh	2010	65%
Andhra Pradesh	2011	29%

General Analysis on the form of Standard Mean 41.2%

The content values of total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, relative water and PH along with the calculated APTI for both the samples of site-1 and site-2 and percentage increase in APTI are given in a table. Agbaire & Esief, 2009 reported that the plants show alteration in the biochemical processes or accumulation of certain metabolites by the affect of certain pollutants. In this study, changes in four parameters such as total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, relative water content and PH of leaf extracts are used to determine the air pollution tolerance index in Cajanus cajan. In industrial site sample the ascorbic acid concentration is higher than in village site sample. The reducing activity of ascorbic acid is directly proportional to its concentration (Raza & Murthy, 1988) and it is PH dependent. In present study, concentration of ascorbic acid and PH of the leaf extracts is high in industrial sample supporting the studies of Agbaire & Esief (2009). Chlorophyll content is an index of productivity of plant (Raza & Murthy, 1988). In present study total chlorophyll is high in sample of Industrial site than in village site. Allen et al.1987 demonstrated the increasing levels of total chlorophyll by certain pollutants. So, increase in chlorophyll content of the leaves in industrial site may be attributed to the influence of pollutants present in a smoke releasing from the industry. According to the studies of Dedio, 1975 the relative water content in a plant body helps in maintaining its physiological balance under stress conditions of air pollution. Thus, the higher relative water content in industrial site sample may be responsible for normal functioning of biological processes in plants at industrial site.

1. Amarine Kaur Voluem III Reporting on Botanical Views 2009

2. Submerge On Gasopathic Survival and Views 2010.

3. Anteropatho Work on Crop. Gynic and Geora 2009

4. Crop and State analysis on theory of Andhra Pradesh.

5. aieer botanical report volume III 2009

Time to time maintaining the retail employees informed about company policies, procedures, and processes is key to its success, but giving them the training they need often requires a great deal of both time and money. However, there is a way to provide employees with the knowledge and skills they need to do their job effectively without going over budget. And this is no other than online training! In this article, you’ll learn about the most important online training benefits in the retail sector.

1. 
   Employees Perfection in Updates about latest products and services.
   In traditional training courses, employees might not find out about the specs or features of a new product or service for weeks. The training manager would have to develop and print learning materials and, then, to book an instructor for a specific training date. They can simply access an online training module that details the specs and benefits of the new item. The same goes for store promotions. More and more retail stores are now holding “flash promotions” which involve promotions that only last a few days, at the most. Online training gives employees the opportunity to stay informed about current promotions and brush up on their product knowledge.
   
2. 
   Development employee retention.
   Employees who are well informed and have access to training materials are typically happier employees. Rather than having to jump onto the sales floor without any prior knowledge of a product or a process,employees know exactly what they are selling and how to carry out a transaction.
   
3. 
   Ascend sales and customer satisfaction.
   Customers cannot make informed buying decisions if the retail staff isn't well informed about the products on offer. Another benefit of online training in the retail sector is that online training keeps employees informed about the products they are selling, so that they can pass this knowledge onto the customer.
   
4. 
   Accurate and increasing knowledge of retention and less resource allocation.
   Corporate online training requires less money and time, but it leads to greater knowledge retention. There is no longer a need for on-site instructors, printed training materials or lengthy training events. This means that employers pay less out-of-pocket for training implementation and for staff training hours. Employees don’t have to sit through a half hour speech on human resource policies if, for example, they are in the sales department because their online training experience is customized for their specific training needs and performance goals.
   
5. 
   Knowledge availability
   Last but not least, one of the most important benefits of online training in the retail sector is that online training can take place anywhere, anytime, thanks to mobile learning. If an employee needs to know how to complete an exchange for a customer, he/she can simply access a online training video to learn all about the steps involved in the process.
   

 

FEDERAL IT AND INCOME TAX SYSTEM IN INDIA : A SYNCHRONIZATION

Submitted by: Ishwar Singh : Research Scholar Commerce

Federal Indian Domestic Company

General Income Tax : 30% of taxable income.Tax Calculator : AY 2014-15

Termed Surcharge : The amount of income tax as computed in accordance with above rates, and after being reduced by the amount of tax rebate shall be increased by a surcharge

            At the rate of 5% of such income tax, provided that the taxable income exceeds Rs. 1 crore. (Marginal Relief in Surcharge, if applicable)

            At the rate of 10% of such income tax, provided that the taxable income exceeds Rs. 10 crores.

Education Cess : 3% of the total of Income Tax and Surcharge.


II.            Federal Indian Company other than a Domestic Company

Income Tax :Tax Calculator : AY 2014-15

            @ 50% of on so much of the taxable income as consist of (a) royalties received from Government or an Indian concern in pursuance of an agreement made by it with the Government or the Indian concern after the 31st day of March, 1961 but before the 1st day of April, 1976; or (b) fees for rendering technical services received from Government or an Indian concern in pursuance of an agreement made by it with the Government or the Indian concern after the 29th day of February, 1964 but before the 1st day of April, 1976, and where such agreement has, in either case, been approved by the Central Government.

            @ 40% of the balance

Surcharge :

The amount of income tax as computed in accordance with above rates, and after being reduced by the amount of tax rebate shall be increased by a surcharge as under

            At the rate of 2% of such income tax, provided that the taxable income exceeds Rs. 1 crore. (Marginal Relief in Surcharge, if applicable)

            At the rate of 5% of such income tax, provided that the taxable income exceeds Rs. 10 crores.

Matter of an individual assesseee (< 60 years) having taxable income of Rs. 1,00,01,000/-

All efforts are made to keep the content of this site correct and up-to-date. But, this site does not make any claim regarding the information provided on its pages as correct and up-to-date. The contents of this site cannot be treated or interpreted as a statement of law. In case, any loss or damage is caused to any person due to his/her treating or interpreting the contents of this site or any part thereof as correct, complete and up-to-date statement of law out of ignorance or otherwise, this site will not be liable in any manner whatsoever for such loss or damage.

 

Reference :

Amateur IT management Report 2014

http://finotax.com/income-tax/slabs

 

Study of Childhood Education with the Influence of Education System in India

Four years ago, the World Bank upgraded India from a "poor" country to a middle-income one. As commentators were at pains to point out in November, when the UK announced it would end aid to India from 2015, the country has a space programme, 48 billionaires and its own aid budget. Under its Right to Education (RTE) Act, passed in 2009, a free and compulsory education is guaranteed for all children aged between six and 14, and the most recent figures for primary school enrolment stand at an impressive-sounding 98%.

But going to school, as those monitoring progress on the millennium development goal of achieving universal primary education have increasingly realised, is one thing: the quality of the education you get is another. Within government schools pupils face numerous challenges, says Oxfam India's Anjela Taneja. Overcrowded classrooms, absent teachers and unsanitary conditions are common complaints, and can lead parents to decide it is not worth their child going to school.

A 2010 report by the National Council for Teacher Education estimated that an additional 1.2 million teachers were needed to fulfil the RTE Act requirements, and last year the RTE Forum, a civil society collective of around 10,000 non-governmental organisations (NGOs), found that only 5% of government schools complied with all the basic standards for infrastructure set by the act. Some 40% of primaries had more than 30 students per classroom, and 60% didn't have electricity. The RTE Forum also reported official figures showing that 21% of teachers weren't professionally trained.

Earlier this year, the independent Annual Status of Education Report into rural schools found declining levels of achievement, with more than half of children in standard five – aged around 10 – unable to read a standard two-level text. "If you want to end child labour, you have to fix the education system," Taneja says. "People are aware of what education is and what it is not."

Analysis

Nor do enrolment figures necessarily reflect who is actually attending school, she says. The number of primary age children not in school in India was put at 2.3 million in 2008, but other estimates suggest it could be as high as 8 million. According to an Indian government report, the primary drop-out rate in 2009 was 25%.

It is girls, and marginalised groups such as the very poor and the disabled, who are often left behind. While girls attend primary school in roughly equal numbers to boys, the gap widens as they get older and more are forced to drop out to help with work at home or get married.

Of the out-of-school children in 2008, 62% were girls; they make up two-thirds of illiterate 15- to 24-year-olds. And two-thirds of those not in school were from those lowest in the caste system, tribal groups and Muslim communities, despite those historically oppressed groups making up only 43% of India's children. Meanwhile, neighbourhood "low-budget" private schools serving low-income families desperate – like Gulafsha's mother – to provide their children with a "quality" education have mushroomed. But they are unregulated, and can lack trained teachers and proper infrastructure.

Results

A series of measures have been brought in since the December attack aimed at making women safer, but despite these, there has been a spate of attacks on women in Delhi since the beginning of March, including four reported assaults on girls under 18. Only a fraction of such attacks are reported.

The Global Campaign for Education (GCE), a coalition of 26 NGOs and teaching unions, wants all nations to allocate at least 6% of GDP to education. India has been promising that since 1968, Taneja says, but the figure has never topped 4%, and it is currently 3.7%. It is an issue of political will, rather than a lack of cash, she suggests: education is not a vote-winning issue in a system of frequent elections, where pledges need to be deliverable immediately.

 

Summarized Explanation of the Selected Perceptual Abilities among the Players of different Sports