Ap euro student study materials review Outline 1450-1991 Renaissance The Italian Renaissance
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- The Collapse of Czarist Russia
- Peace of Paris
- The Fourteen Points – point for peace drawn by Woodrow Wilson: “Make the world safe for democracy”
- Rise of Fascism in Italy
- Rise of Fascism in Germany
War at SeaAllied forces stopped all trade with Germany Germany attempted to blockade Britain by German U-boats or submarines Germany declared unrestricted sea warfare Germans sank the Lusitania, an ocean liner that carried around 180 American citizens Italy joined the side of the Allies when promised lands of high-speaking Italians in Austria “irredentism”
Telegram penetrated by American forces during WWI Germany wanted Mexico to declare war on the United States Germany would help Mexico regain Southwestern United States The Collapse of Czarist RussiaMarch 1917 – Troops rebelled and riots occurred in factories Czar abdicated and provisional government was created April 1917 – Lenin returned to Russia November 1917 – Provisional government fell Lenin and Bolsheviks came to power December 3, 1917 – The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the war on the East, and much Russian land was given to Germany Peace of ParisArmistice (Nov. 11, 1918) – called for a cease-fire, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated to Holland During the summer of 1919, 5 treaties (named after Paris Suburbs) were signed Main treaty that ended World War I is the Treaty of Versailles: 1. Germany lost colonies 2. German guilt clause 3. German military restrictions 4. Germany must pay reparations 5. League of Nations 6. Austria Hungary broken up 7. Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia created 8. Montenegro and Serbia no longer existed 9. Polish Corridor divided Germany There were four main countries and leaders “The Big Four”: United States – Woodrow Wilson Great Britain – David Lloyd George France – Clemenceau Italy - Orlando
Freedom of the seas Reduction of arms Colonial readjustments Self-determinations of nationalities International Policy Organization to prevent war This forms the League of Nations Few European statesmen had any confidence in the League, and Wilson was obliged to compromise the other Fourteen Points in order for it to get accepted World War II The conditions of the 1930’s were basically those proposed by the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Neither Germany, Italy, Japan, nor the USSR was content with these conditions. From the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, force was used by those who wished to upset international order, but never by those who wished to maintain it Rise of Fascism in ItalyFascism gained support from the fear of the Bolsheviks in Russia Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) a newspaper editor, was incredibly nationalist and demanded irredentism Favored Triple Entente because he wished for irredentism to be completed Angry when the Allies did not fulfill irredentism He formed different groups of soldiers that brought him power Fascio di combattimento – army which was supposed to represent the power of Rome through combat Blackshirts – army in favor and talking of irredentism Squadristí – army that beat up people who opposed Mussolini Oct. 1922 March on Rome – Mussolini marched into Rome and obtained power Mussolini took over Rome and held free elections Enforced 2/3 law, where the majority obtained 2/3 of the parliamentary seats Fascists win, and Mussolini is elected into office by the Fascist Parliament “Fascism was born of the need for action”. Rise of Fascism in GermanyWilhelm II fled to Holland and ended the German Empire (1918-1921) Weimar Republic was established 1923 Germany is forced to pay reparations for the war, but they have no money The United States came up with the Dawes Plan (1924), lending money to Germany so they can pay reparations Germany and France signed Locarno Agreement, outlawing war between the two In 1929, 69 nations signed the Kellogg-Brand Peace Pact was signed which outlawed warfare and attempted to instill peace Germany was in a terrible state Germany printed money excessively, which brought them deeper into depression France took German lands because Germany could not afford to pay Weimar Republic collapsed due to inflation United States agreed to help Germany if they balance their budget and increase exports to the U.S. In 1929, the Great Depression occurred in the U.S., and they could no longer afford to help Germany 6 million in Germany were unemployed Fascist leader, Adolf Hitler promised to bring Germany out of depression The Storm Troopers, Nazi soldiers were formed in 1921 to follow the Führer, or leader (Adolf Hitler) The Beer Hall Putsch (1923) was a failed attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic. Hitler was sent to jail for this and he wrote Mein Kampf, a book that outlined his plan His political group, the National Socialist German Worker’s Party or the Nazis, was elected into power
In 1935, Mussolini attacked Ethiopia The Italians did not forget the humiliating Battle of Adowa League of Nations put an embargo on Italy. All goods were banned except for oil Italy united Ethiopia with Somaliland
In 1939, Albania conquered by the Italians Download 0.49 Mb. Share with your friends:
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