Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded
reconstructed skin and eye cornea tissues
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| reconstructed skin and eye cornea tissues and the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo to simulate conjunctiva. Cytotoxicity in 3T3 Balb/c fibroblast culture was determined to estimate acute systemic toxicity. Chick embryo model was further employed to evaluate acute embryotoxicity for birds (mortality and genotoxicity). Data were analysed by means of general linear models.
ABSTRACT: RESULTS: Malathion is not a skin and eye irritant. Cytotoxicity in vitro test provided LD50 value of 616 mg/kg suggesting higher toxic potential than is generally published based on in vivo tests on laboratory rodents. Embryotoxicity studies revealed dose and age dependent mortality of chick embryos. Genotoxicity was identified by means of micronucleus test in erythroid cells isolated from chorioallantois vascular system of chick embryos. ABSTRACT: CONCLUSIONS: Using in vitro alternative toxicological methods, a higher toxic potential of malathion was demonstrated than is generally declared. An increased health and environmental hazard may occur in areas with intensive agricultural production. The environmental consequences of delayed effects and embryotoxicity for bird populations in areas exposed to organophosphate insecticides, such as malathion, are obvious. MESH HEADINGS: Animals MESH HEADINGS: BALB 3T3 Cells/cytology/*drug effects MESH HEADINGS: Chick Embryo MESH HEADINGS: Chickens MESH HEADINGS: Chorioallantoic Membrane/cytology/*drug effects MESH HEADINGS: Cornea/cytology/*drug effects MESH HEADINGS: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MESH HEADINGS: Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/*drug effects MESH HEADINGS: Insecticides/*toxicity MESH HEADINGS: Irritants/toxicity MESH HEADINGS: Linear Models MESH HEADINGS: Malathion/*toxicity MESH HEADINGS: Mice MESH HEADINGS: Mitosis/drug effects MESH HEADINGS: Models, Biological MESH HEADINGS: Species Specificity MESH HEADINGS: Toxicity Tests, Acute eng 329. John, Harald; Eyer, Florian; Zilker, Thomas, and Thiermann, Horst. High-performance liquid-chromatographic tandem-mass spectrometric methods for atropinesterase-mediated enantioselective and chiral determination of R- and S-hyoscyamine in plasma. 2010 Nov 8-; 680, (1Çô2): 32-40. Rec #: 1420 Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: S-hyoscyamine (S-hyo) is a toxic tropane alkaloid from plants of the solanacea family, which is extracted for pharmaceutical purposes thereby undergoing racemization (atropine). Merely the S-hyo enantiomer acts as an antagonist of muscarinic receptors (MR). Nevertheless, racemic atropine is clinically administered in e.g. ophthalmology and for symptomatic therapy of acute poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs, e.g. pesticides, nerve agents). However, very limited data are available of comparative pharmacokinetics of S- and R-enantiomers in humans or other species. Atropine/ Atropinesterase/ Chiral analysis/ Enantioselectivity/ Organophosphorus poisoning http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267010011712 330. Johnson, Kirk. Going to War Against Grasshoppers. 2010 Jun 10: A.18. Rec #: 6960 Keywords: REVIEW Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: In the 1980s, four-engine Korean War-era tankers commissioned by the federal Department of Agriculture lumbered across the land dumping Malathion, a broad-spectrum insecticide that also wiped out many other species and has been linked to human health concerns. ISSN/ISBN: 03624331 Keywords: Great Plains Keywords: General Interest Periodicals--United States Keywords: Pest control Keywords: Insects English. Copyright - Copyright New York Times Company Jun 10, 2010. Last updated - 2011-11-02. CODEN - NYTIAO. DOI - 2054367451; 52670991; 7818; NYTIAO; NYT; 171115-20100610 331. Jokanovi-ç, Milan. Current understanding of the mechanisms involved in metabolic detoxification of warfare nerve agents. 2009 Jul 10-; 188, (1): 1-10. Rec #: 1100 Keywords: REVIEW Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: This study reviews current understanding of chemical, biochemical and toxicological aspects and mechanisms of metabolism of warfare nerve agents. Among enzymes participating in metabolism of nerve agents the role of A-esterases, serum cholinesterase and carboxylesterases is discussed. This article also discusses other aspects of metabolism of the agents such as protein binding and the role of tissue depots for these compounds. Organophosphorus/ Nerve agents/ Soman/ Sarin/ Tabun/ VX http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378427409001660 332. Jones, Robert T; Bakker, Saskia E; Stone, Deborah; Shuttleworth, Sally N; Boundy, Sam; Mccart, Caroline; Daborn, Phillip J; Ffrench-Constant, Richard H; Van Den Elsen, Jean Mh, and Jones, Robert T. Homology Modelling of Drosophila Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Associated With Insecticide Resistance. 2010 Oct; 66, (10): 1106-1115. Rec #: 4000 Keywords: IN VITRO Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: BACKGROUND: Overexpression of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1 confers resistance against DDT and a broad range of other insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. In the absence of crystal structures of CYP6G1 or complexes with its substrates, structural studies rely on homology modelling and ligand docking to understand P450-substrate interactions. RESULTS: Homology models are presented for CYP6G1, a P450 associated with resistance to DDT and neonicotinoids, and two other enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in D. melanogaster, CYP12D1 and CYP6A2. The models are based on a template of the X-ray structure of the phylogenetically related human CYP3A4, which is known for its broad substrate specificity. The model of CYP6G1 has a much smaller active site cavity than the template. The cavity is also 'V'-shaped and is lined with hydrophobic residues, showing high shape and chemical complementarity with the molecular characteristics of DDT. Comparison of the DDT-CYP6G1 complex and a non-resistant CYP6A2 homology model implies that tight-fit recognition of this insecticide is important in CYP6G1. The active site can accommodate differently shaped substrates ranging from imidacloprid to malathion but not the pyrethroids permethrin and cyfluthrin. CONCLUSION: The CYP6G1, CYP12D1 and CYP6A2 homology models can provide a structural insight into insecticide resistance in flies overexpressing P450 enzymes with broad substrate specificities. Keywords: Insecticides Keywords: Cytochrome Keywords: Residues Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Keywords: DDT Keywords: permethrin Keywords: Enzymes Keywords: Pest control Keywords: Environment Abstracts Keywords: ENA 21:Wildlife Keywords: Pyrethroids Keywords: Malathion English. Date revised - 2012-06-01. Last updated - 2012-06-29. DOI - c1e15cb3-f177-44f6-bb81csamfg201; 16710351; 1526-4998. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytochrome; Insecticides; Residues; DDT; permethrin; Enzymes; Pest control; Pyrethroids; Malathion; Drosophila melanogaster 333. Jose, Seena ; Jayesh, P; Mohandas, a; Philip, Rosamma; Bright Singh, Is, and Jose, Seena. Application of Primary Haemocyte Culture of Penaeus Monodon in the Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Heavy Metals and Pesticides. 2011 Apr; 71, (3): 169-177. Rec #: 3540 Keywords: IN VITRO Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Lack of shrimp cell lines has hindered the study of pollutants which adversely affects shrimp health and its export value. In this context a primary haemocyte culture developed from Penaeus monodon was employed for assessing the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two heavy metal compounds, cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride and two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and monocrotophos. Using MTT assay 12 h IC50 values calculated were 31.09 plus or minus 16.27 mu M and 5.52 plus or minus 1.16 mu M for cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride and 59.94 plus or minus 52.30 mg l super(-1) and 186.76 plus or minus 77.00 mg l super(-1) for malathion and monocrotophos respectively. Employing Comet assay, DNA damage inflicted by these pollutants on haemocytes were evaluated and the pollutants induced DNA damage in >60% of the cells. The study suggested that haemocyte culture could be used as a tool for quantifying cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aquaculture drugs, management chemicals and pollutants. Keywords: Q3 01588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment Keywords: Chemicals Keywords: O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology Keywords: Q4 27710:Cell Culture & Fermentation Keywords: Heavy metals Keywords: Organophosphates Keywords: monocrotophos Keywords: Chlorides Keywords: ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries Keywords: Pollution effects Keywords: Cell culture Keywords: Aquaculture Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Insecticides Keywords: Penaeidae Keywords: Pollutants Keywords: Hemocytes Keywords: Blood cells Keywords: X 24330:Agrochemicals Keywords: Drugs Keywords: Marine crustaceans Keywords: heavy metals Keywords: Penaeus monodon Keywords: Marine Keywords: Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts Keywords: Shrimp culture Keywords: Genotoxicity Keywords: Environmental impact Keywords: Cadmium chloride Keywords: organophosphates Keywords: DNA damage Keywords: Cytotoxicity Keywords: Mercuric chloride Keywords: P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION Keywords: Pesticides Keywords: DNA Keywords: Culture effects Keywords: Q1 01584:Culture of other aquatic animals Keywords: Marine aquaculture Keywords: Comet assay English. Date revised - 2011-05-01. Last updated - 2012-11-20. DOI - 3345e4bd-d1f6-47b1-a8d9csamfg201; 14515068; CS1127582; 0141-1136. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cytotoxicity; Shrimp culture; Pollutants; Environmental impact; Pollution effects; Culture effects; Marine aquaculture; Blood cells; Marine crustaceans; Heavy metals; Genotoxicity; monocrotophos; Cadmium chloride; Cell culture; organophosphates; Aquaculture; Malathion; DNA damage; Insecticides; Mercuric chloride; Pesticides; Hemocytes; Comet assay; Drugs; Chemicals; Organophosphates; DNA; Chlorides; heavy metals; Penaeus monodon; Penaeidae; Marine 334. Joshi, Suresh C; Sharma, Preeti, and Sharma, Preeti. Male Reproductive Toxicity of Organophosphorous Compounds: a Review. 2011; 93, (7): 1486-1507. Rec #: 3820 Keywords: REVIEW Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Fertility is declining in many countries and there has been substantial interest in the potential adverse effects of exposure to environmental hazardous chemicals, including pesticides on male reproduction. Organophosphorous compounds (organophosphates, OP) constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals specifically designed for the control of pests or plant diseases. OP are known to produce reproductive toxicity, resulting in a decrease in the fertility levels of humans and animals. This review article mainly focused on toxicity of some OP such as acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, malathion, and monocrotophos especially dealing with reproductive toxicity in males. Furthermore, this review deals with mode of action and clinical syndromes of OP. Considerable lab studies on animals concluded that OP produce adverse effects on male reproductive system. Keywords: Fertility Keywords: Plant diseases Keywords: monocrotophos Keywords: organophosphates Keywords: Toxicity Keywords: Fenitrothion Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Reproductive system Keywords: Chlorpyrifos Keywords: Reviews Keywords: Pesticides Keywords: Reproduction Keywords: Dimethoate Keywords: Pests Keywords: X 24330:Agrochemicals Keywords: Toxicology Abstracts Keywords: Diazinon Keywords: Side effects English. Date revised - 2011-10-01. Last updated - 2012-11-20. DOI - e91023d7-793e-475f-889dcsamfg201; 15683285; 0277-2248; 1029-0486. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertility; Plant diseases; monocrotophos; Toxicity; organophosphates; Fenitrothion; Reproductive system; Malathion; Chlorpyrifos; Reviews; Pesticides; Reproduction; Pests; Dimethoate; Diazinon; Side effects 335. Jusoh, Ahmad; Hartini, W. J. H.; Ali, NoraÇÖaini, and Endut, A. Study on the removal of pesticide in agricultural run off by granular activated carbon: Special Issue on Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2010: Technological Advances in Waste Treatment for a Sustainable Future. 2011 May; 102, (9): 5312-5318. Rec #: 1280 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: In this batch study, the adsorption of malathion by using granular activated carbon with different parameters due to the particle size, dosage of carbons, as well as the initial concentration of malathion was investigated. Batch tests were carried out to determine the potential and the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in removal of pesticide in agricultural run off. The granular activated carbon; coconut shell and palm shells were used and analyzed as the adsorbent material. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms models were applied to describe the characteristics of adsorption behavior. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model and Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacity of 909.1 mg/g. The results indicate that the GAC could be used to effectively adsorb pesticide (malathion) from agricultural runoff. Activated carbon/ Pesticide/ Batch studies/ Adsorption/ Agricultural run off http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410020377 336. Jusoh, Ahmad; Hartini, Wjh; Ali, Nora'aini; Endut, a, and Jusoh, Ahmad. Study on the Removal of Pesticide in Agricultural Run Off by Granular Activated Carbon. 2011 May; 102, (9): 5312-5318. Rec #: 3490 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: In this batch study, the adsorption of malathion by using granular activated carbon with different parameters due to the particle size, dosage of carbons, as well as the initial concentration of malathion was investigated. Batch tests were carried out to determine the potential and the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in removal of pesticide in agricultural run off. The granular activated carbon; coconut shell and palm shells were used and analyzed as the adsorbent material. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms models were applied to describe the characteristics of adsorption behavior. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model and Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacity of 909.1 mg/g. The results indicate that the GAC could be used to effectively adsorb pesticide (malathion) from agricultural runoff. Keywords: Particle size Keywords: Data processing Keywords: Activated carbon Keywords: Carbon (activated) Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Models Keywords: ENA 06:Food & Drugs Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts Keywords: W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up Keywords: Carbon Keywords: Pesticides Keywords: Adsorption Keywords: Shells Keywords: Isotherms Keywords: Agricultural runoff Keywords: Runoff English. Date revised - 2011-04-01. Last updated - 2012-03-29. DOI - 9b1fbee8-eff6-488a-a620csaobj202; 14616339; 0960-8524. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Data processing; Carbon; Pesticides; Adsorption; Shells; Carbon (activated); Isotherms; Runoff; Malathion; Models; Activated carbon; Agricultural runoff 337. K+¦ck, Marianne; Farr+_, Marinella; Mart+ˇnez, Elena; Gajda-Schrantz, Krisztina; Ginebreda, Antoni; Navarro, Asunci+ n; Alda, Miren L+ pez de, and Barcel+¦, Dami+á. Integrated ecotoxicological and chemical approach for the assessment of pesticide pollution in the Ebro River delta (Spain): Water Quality and Assessment under Scarcity. Prospects and challenges in Mediterranean watersheds. 2010 Mar 15-; 383, (1Çô2): 73-82. Rec #: 570 Keywords: FATE Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Summary Pesticides/ Shellfish/ Ecotoxicity/ Water analysis/ Ebro River delta/ Monitoring http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169409008233 338. K+¦ck-Schulmeyer, Marianne; Villagrasa, Marta; L+¦pez de Alda, Miren; C+_spedes-S+ínchez, Raquel; Ventura, Francesc, and Barcel+¦, Dami+á. Occurrence and behavior of pesticides in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental impact. 2013 Aug 1-; 458Çô460, (0): 466-476. Rec #: 2120 Keywords: FATE Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract Pesticides/ Risk assessment/ Wastewater treatment/ Water analysis/ LCÇôMS/MS http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713004312 339. Kadoum, A. M. and Sae, S. W. Effects of Some Organophosphorus Compounds and Their Metabolites on Sorghum-Grain Esterase and Certain Insects Attacking Sorghum Grain. 1970; 5, (3): 213-217. Rec #: 170 Keywords: IN VITRO Call Number: NO IN VITRO (DZ,MLN,MLO) Notes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,MLN,MLO 340. Kaiser, Kristine and Kaiser, Kristine. Preliminary Study of Pesticide Drift Into the Maya Mountain Protected Areas of Belize. 2011 Jan; 86, (1): 56-59. Rec #: 6640 Keywords: FATE Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: In Belize, Central America, many farms surrounding the Protected Areas of the Maya Mountains rely heavily on the application of agrochemicals. The purpose of this study was to test whether orographic drift of glyphosate and organophosphates into the nearby Maya Mountain Protected Areas occurred by collecting phytotelmic water from seven sites over 3years. Regardless of location within the Maya Mountain Protected Areas, glyphosate was present; organophosphates were more common at ridge sites. Although glyphosate concentrations were low, due to the number of threatened species and the human use of stream water outside the Maya Mountain Protected Areas, better understanding of these effects is warranted. Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts Keywords: Environmental Studies English. Date revised - 2011-02-01. Last updated - 2011-10-26. DOI - OB-dc6e8005-5dbb-4123-9a63mfgefd107; 14210298; 0007-4861; 1432-0800 341. Kamel, Alaa; Byrne, Christian; Vigo, Craig; Ferrario, Joseph; Stafford, Charles; Verdin, Gregory; Siegelman, Frederic; Knizner, Steven, and Hetrick, James. Oxidation of selected organophosphate pesticides during chlorination of simulated drinking water. 2009 Feb; 43, (2): 522-534. Rec #: 1030 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Ten organophosphate (OP) pesticides: phorate, disulfoton, terbufos, methidathion, bensulide, chlorethoxyfos, phosmet, methyl parathion, phostebupirim, and temephos were evaluated for their potential to undergo oxidation to their respective oxons and/or other oxidation analogues in laboratory water. Samples were collected at time intervals up to 72 h of chlorination and analyzed by both gas chromatographyÇômass selective detection (GCÇôMSD) and liquid chromatographyÇôtandem mass spectrometry (LCÇôMS/MS). The results show that methidathion and methyl parathion were stable in unchlorinated water, while all other OP pesticides were not stable over the 72 h exposure period. In chlorinated water, phorate and disulfoton formed stable sulfone oxons. Temephos formed stable dioxon sulfoxide and dioxon sulfone. Methidathion, bensulide, chlorethyoxyfos, methyl parathion, and phostebupirim formed stable oxons over the 72 h exposure period. Terbufos, phorate, disulfoton and temephos oxon sulfoxides; temephos sulfoxide; and phosmet oxon were initially formed but were not detected after 24 h. The data illustrate that organothiophosphate pesticides may form oxons and/or other oxidation analogues during chlorination in water treatment plants, which are persistent for at least 72 h. Organophosphate pesticides/ Water chlorination/ Oxidation products/ Oxons/ Sulfone oxons/ Sulfoxide oxons http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135408004995 342. Kanagaraj, K.; Affrose, A.; Sivakolunthu, S., and Pitchumani, K. Highly selective fluorescent sensing of fenitrothion using per-6-amino-beta-cyclodextrin:Eu(III) complex. 2012; 35, 452-455. Rec #: 14020 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: A unique, efficient, highly sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor for fenitrothion has been reported for the first time using per-6-amino-3-cyclodextrin:Eu(III) complex. Among the various pesticides, the sensitivity response is found to be in the order, fenitrothion (sic) quinalphos > methylparathion > parathion > methylparaoxon > paraoxon > fenchlorphos > profenofos > malathion. A detection limit as low as 1 x 10(-12) M for fenitrothion sensing is realized with a 2.4% relative standard deviation (RSD) of three consecutive runs. The per-6-amino-beta-cyclodextrin:Eu(III):pesticide complexes and their sensing mechanism are evidenced from emission, NMR, FT-IR, binding constant measurement, Job's plot, ICD spectra, ESI-MS, lifetime measurements and molecular modeling studies. The proposed sensing is a consequence of Absorption Energy Transfer Emission (AETE) process as a result of better encapsulation of fenitrothion inside the cavity of per-6-amino-beta-cyclodextrin:Eu(III) complex. The remarkable sensitivity and selectivity of fenitrothion compared to other OPs, is attributed to a more deeper binding and tighter fit of fenitrothion inside the CD cavity, which is evident from binding constant values and molecular modeling studies. This tighter fit ensures the replacement of two coordinating water molecules on Eu(III) ion, which may have contributed to the more selective sensing of fenitrothion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Number of Volumes: 1 ISI Document Delivery No.: 955QM 343. Kang, Eun-Jung; Seok, Su-Jin; Lee, Kwon-Hyun; Gil, Hyo-Wook; Yang, Jong-Oh; Lee, Eun-Young, and Hong, Sae-Yong. Factors for Determining Survival in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning. 2009 Dec; 24, (4): 362-367. Rec #: 7310 Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Organophosphate poisoning has a high mortality rate. Recently, differences among organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning were reported. This study investigated the prognostic risk factors and the mortality of different organophosphates following acute organophosphate poisoning. This retrospective study included 68 patients with acute organophosphate poisoning. We investigated patient survival according to initial parameters, including the initial Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, serum cholinesterase level, and hemoperfusion and evaluated the mortality according to organophosphate types. Thirteen of the 68 patients died. The agents responsible for mortality were different. The APACHE II score was a significant predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.194; p<0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089 to 1.309) and respiratory failure (OR, 1.273; p<0.01; 95% CI, 1.122 to 1.444). The mortality was 0% for dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos and profenofos. However, other organophosphates showed different mortality (16.7% for O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate, 25% for phenthoate, 37.5% for phosphamidon, 50% for methidathion). The usefulness of hemoperfusion appears to be limited. The initial APACHE II score is a useful prognostic indicator, and different organophosphates have different mortality. Directory: pesticides -> nas nas -> Appendix 1-10: Summary of Diazinon Monitoring Data nas -> Description of revision nas -> Appendix 2 Chlorpyrifos Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Fish nas -> Appendix 2 Open Literature Review Summaries for Malathion Download 5.18 Mb. Share with your friends:
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