Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded



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In the study, acute toxicity towards freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna) was included to evaluate the overall efficiency of ZVI treatment of the complex mixture. The acute toxicity tests with D. magna showed that the untreated groundwater was highly toxic. Thus, 50% of the daphnids were unable to swim upon 24h exposure to groundwater diluted 770 times. ZVI facilitated degradation resulted in a complete toxicity removal for the first four pore volumes, where after a three times dilution caused 50% inhibition of the mobility of the daphnids. The rapid degradation of the highly toxic organophosphates combined with the significant decrease in the ecotoxicological potential shows a promising potential for site remediation of organophosphates with ZVI technologies. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: 7439-89-6
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical -- chemistry
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Iron -- chemistry
Keywords: Organophosphorus Compounds -- chemistry
Keywords: Pesticides -- toxicity
Keywords: Environmental Monitoring
Keywords: Pesticides -- chemistry
Keywords: Groundwater -- chemistry
Keywords: Hazardous Waste
Keywords: Organophosphorus Compounds
Keywords: 0
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical
Keywords: Environmental Remediation -- methods
Keywords: Iron eng. Date completed - 2013-04-11. Date created - 2012-11-26. Date revised - 2013-04-15. Last updated - 2013-04-15. DOI - MEDL-23021613; 23021613; 1879-1298

233. Food and Drug Administration. Product: Animal Feeds & Feed Ingredients. 1977: 16 p.


Rec #: 570
Keywords: NO TOX DATA
Call Number: NO TOX DATA (CBL,MLN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: AND,CBL,CBZ,CHD,DDT,DLD,EN,EPRN,HCCH,HPT,MLN,MXC,PPCP,PRN,TXP

234. For.Serv. Spruce Budworm Malathion Test Project. 3463//: AQUA; 1964.


Rec #: 580
Keywords: NO SOURCE
Call Number: NO SOURCE (MLN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN

235. Fouad, Dina Mamdouh and Mohamed, Mona Bakr. Studies on the Photo-Catalytic Activity of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Their Gold Core-Shell on the Photodegradation of Malathion. 2011 Nov 11; 22, (45): 455705.


Rec #: 3040
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: This work is devoted to the synthesis of different semiconductor nanoparticles and their metal core-shell nanocomposites such as TiO2, Au/TiO2, ZnO, and Au/ZnO. The morphology and crystal structures of the developed nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). These materials were used as catalysts for the photodegradation of malathion, which is one of the most commonly used pesticides in developing countries. The degradation of 10 ppm malathion under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light in the presence of different synthesized nanocomposites was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-visible spectra. A comprehensive study was carried out for the catalytic efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles. Moreover, the effects of different factors that could influence catalytic photodegradation, such as different light sources, surface coverage and the nature of the organic contaminants, were investigated. The results indicate that the core-shell nanocomposite of semiconductor-gold serves as a better catalytic system than the semiconductor nanoparticles themselves.
Keywords: Zinc Oxide -- pharmacology
Keywords: Ultraviolet Rays
Keywords: titanium dioxide
Keywords: Particle Size
Keywords: 7440-32-6
Keywords: pyrazon
Keywords: Semiconductors
Keywords: Nanocomposites -- chemistry
Keywords: Zinc Oxide -- chemistry
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Keywords: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Keywords: Titanium -- pharmacology
Keywords: Malathion -- chemistry
Keywords: Titanium -- chemistry
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical
Keywords: Gold
Keywords: Light
Keywords: Gold -- chemistry
Keywords: Titanium
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical -- chemistry
Keywords: X-Ray Diffraction
Keywords: 15FIX9V2JP
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Gold -- pharmacology
Keywords: 26X5RK7X7W
Keywords: 0
Keywords: Pyridazines
Keywords: 7440-57-5
Keywords: Nanocomposites -- ultrastructure
Keywords: 1314-13-2
Keywords: Photolysis -- drug effects
Keywords: 121-75-5
Keywords: Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism
Keywords: Malathion -- metabolism
Keywords: Zinc Oxide eng. Date completed - 2012-03-01. Date created - 2011-12-14. Date revised - 2012-12-20. Last updated - 2013-01-19. DOI - MEDL-22020195; 22020195; 1361-6528

236. Fuentes, E.; Baez, M. E., and Diaz, J. Survey of organophosphorus pesticide residues in virgin olive oils produced in Chile. 2010; 3, 101-107.


Rec #: 13250
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Dimethoate, diazinon, parathion methyl, pirimiphos methyl, malathion, fenthion, chlorpyriphos, methidathion and azinphos methyl were determined in 71 olive oil samples produced in Chile from different varieties of olives (arbequina, frantoio, picual, lechino and blend) at three different harvest periods (2007, 2008 and 2009). The target pesticides were determined using a validated analytical method based on microwave-assisted liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction with subsequent GC-FPD detection and GC-MS/MS for confirmation purposes. In 79% of the samples, five of the nine pesticides tested were detected with a frequency of one pesticide per sample. The highest detection rates were observed for the residues of chlorpyriphos and diazinon. The average concentration of chlorpyriphos, diazinon, azinphos methyl and methidathion were 0.084, 0.057, 0.024 and 0.010 mu g g-1, respectively. Higher contents of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were found in regions where intensive agriculture is practiced. However, the levels of OPPs were reassuringly low and indicate that olive oil produced and exported from Chile does not currently represent any risk for consumers.
Number of Volumes: 2
ISI Document Delivery No.: 610ID ://CCC:000278724300005

237. Fuentes, Edwar; Báez, Maràa E., and Quiñones, AdalÃÂ. Suitability of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with solid-phase extraction for organophosphorus pesticide determination in olive oil. 2008; 1207, 38-45.


Rec #: 10600
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: A systematic study of the microwave-assisted extraction coupled to solid-phase extraction of nine organophosphorus pesticides (dimethoate, diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, parathion methyl, malathion, fenthion, chlorpyriphos, methidathion and azinphos methyl) from olive oil is described. The method is based on microwave-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with partition of organophosphorus pesticides between an acetonitrile-dichloromethane mixture and oil. Cleanup of extracts was performed with ENVI-Carb solid-phase extraction cartridge using dichloromethane as the elution solvent. The determination of pesticides in the final extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-flame photometric detection and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, using a triple quadrupole mass analyzer, for confirmative purposes. The study and optimization of the method was achieved through experimental design where recovery of compounds using acetonitrile for partition ranged from 62 to 99%. By adding dichloromethane to the extracting solution, the recoveries of more hydrophobic compounds were significantly increased. Under optimized conditions recoveries of pesticides from oil were equal to or higher than 73%, except for fenthion and chlorpyriphos at concentrations higher than 0.06μgg⁻¹ and diazinon at 0.03μgg⁻¹, with RSDs equal to or lower than 11% and quantification limits ranging from 0.007 to 0.020μgg⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to residue determination of the selected pesticides in commercial olive and avocado oil produced in Chile.
Keywords: microwave-assisted extraction
Number of Volumes: 1-2
Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.051

238. Fuentes-Matus, C.; Leon, S. V. Y.; Diaz-Gonzalez, G.; Noa-Perez, M., and Gutierrez-Tolentino, R. DETERMINATION OF RESIDUES OF MALATHION AND MALAOXON IN MANGO VARIETIES ATAULFO AND TOMMY ATKINS PRODUCED IN CHAHUITES, OAXACA. 2010; 44, 215-223.


Rec #: 13260
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: The organophosphate pesticide malathion and its metabolite malaoxon cause harmful effects on the health of humans that consume foods contaminated with these molecules. The presence of residues of malathion and malaoxon was studied in mangos (Mangifera indica) of the varieties Ataulfo and Tommy Atkins produced in the municipality of Chahuites, state of Oaxaca, during the harvest period of 2007. The extraction system used ethyl acetate in aqueous matrix, and analytic determination by means of liquid gas chromatography with thermionic specific detector (TSD). The concentration of residues of malathion and malaoxon was determined for each variety through sampling at 1, 30 and 60 d after having applied malathion (520 g i. a. of malathion ha(-1)), in compliance with the phytosanitary norm (NOM-023-FITO) for the control of the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) on days 1 (T1) and 30 (T2), and two applications of malathion for day 60 (T3). Control mangos of both varieties were used, taken from orchards free of pesticide application for 10 years. The presence of malathion was detected in 75 % and 95.6 % of the samples (n=12) of the varieties Ataulfo and Tommy Atkins. Residues of the metabolite malaoxon were detected in 83.3 % of the samples (n=12) in both varieties. No degradation was observed of either pesticide once it was present in the fruit until day 60 of the study. Furthermore, the means of the residues increased in time three of the study (T3) in both varieties, after two applications of malathion.
Number of Volumes: 2
ISI Document Delivery No.: 575CS ://CCC:000276043300010

239. Fujinami, A. Phenothrin (Wellcide). Pesticides Div.,Sumitomo Chem. Co., Ltd.,Japan//: 1980; 37, 30-36.


Rec #: 1720
Keywords: REFS CHECKED,REVIEW
Call Number: NO REFS CHECKED (ATN,BRSM,DDVP,DZ,FNT,MLN,PPB,SMT,TMT), NO REVIEW (ATN,BRSM,DDVP,DZ,FNT,MLN,PPB,SMT,TMT)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: ATN,BRSM,DDT,DDVP,DZ,FNT,MLN,PPB,SMT,TMT

240. Fulton, M. H. and Key, P. B. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Estuarine Fish and Invertebrates as an Indicator of Organophosphorus Insecticide Exposure and Effects. 2001; 20, (1): 37-45.


Rec #: 120
Keywords: REVIEW
Call Number: NO REVIEW (AZ,CBF,CBL,CPY,DDVP,DMT,DZ,FNT,MLN,MP,Naled,PRT,TBF)
Notes: EcoReference No.: 152621
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBF,CBL,CPY,DDVP,DMT,DZ,EPRN,FNT,MLN,MP,Naled,PHSL,PPHD,PRN,PRT,TBF

241. Furlong, C. E.; Cole, T. B.; Jansen, K. L.; Richter, R. J.; Bammler, T. K.; Beyer, R. P.; Farin, F., and Costa, L. G. Genetic variability factors in human susceptibility to organophosphorus compounds: Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Toxicology. 2010 Jul 17-; 196, Supplement, (0): S32.


Rec #: 1480
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378427410002754

242. Gaaboub, I. A.; Rawash, I. A., and Saleh, M. S. The Effect of Larval Selection with DDT and Malathion on the Susceptibility State of Larvae and Adults of Culex pipiens L. During the Successive Generations. 1031//1971 Address: Plant Protection Dep. Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Alexandria, Egypt//: AQUA; 1977: 472-479.


Rec #: 590
Keywords: NO SOURCE
Call Number: NO SOURCE (MLN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: DDT,MLN

243. Galã¡Ntai, Rita; Emody-Kiss, Blanka; Somosy, Zoltã N; Bognã¡R, Gabriella; Horvã¡Th, Gyozo; Forgã¡Cs, Zsolt; Gachã¡Lyi, Andrã S, and Szilasi, Mã Ria. Does Malaoxon Play a Role in the Geno- and Cytotoxic Effects of Malathion on Human Choriocarcinoma Cells? 2011; 46, (8): 773-779.


Rec #: 3770
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: This investigation was undertaken to elucidate whether the active metabolite of malathion, malaoxon, has any role in exerting cyto- and genotoxic effects for human choriocarcinoma (JAR) cell line which is an acceptable model for human placental cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were separately performed on the cell compartment and supernatant cell culture medium after subjecting the cell line to different malathion concentrations (10-400 μg/mL) and for various incubation periods (0.5 to 24 hours). GC-MS analysis showed that the sonication performed for the disruption of the cells did not cause the chemical change of malathion. The uptake of malathion by the cells was relatively fast. However, the presence of malaoxon, even in trace amounts, could not be confirmed either in samples originating from disrupted cells or in the cell culture medium. Although the hydrolysis of malaoxon occurred in the culture medium, this degradation process could not be counted as a reason for the absence of malaoxon. Since both malathion and malaoxon standard compounds could be accurately detected and distinguished by the applied liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS methods, one can conclude that, in the case of JAR cells, the parent compound, (i.e. malathion itself) is responsible for the observed in vitro cyto- and genotoxic effects. Our results indicate that the direct toxicity of malathion contributes to the complications of pregnancy observed for environmental malathion exposure.
Keywords: Mutagens
Keywords: Humans
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Mutagens -- toxicity
Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor
Keywords: Malathion -- analogs & derivatives
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: DNA Damage -- drug effects
Keywords: Choriocarcinoma -- genetics
Keywords: 0
Keywords: Choriocarcinoma -- drug therapy
Keywords: Mutagens -- metabolism
Keywords: 1634-78-2
Keywords: 121-75-5
Keywords: Choriocarcinoma -- metabolism
Keywords: Malathion -- toxicity
Keywords: malaoxon
Keywords: Malathion -- metabolism eng. Date completed - 2011-10-10. Date created - 2011-09-09. Date revised - 2012-12-20. Last updated - 2013-01-19. DOI - MEDL-21902555; 21902555; 1532-4109

244. Gallego, Alejandro; Hospido, Almudena; Moreira, Maria Teresa; Feijoo, Gumersindo, and Gallego, Alejandro. Environmental Assessment of Dehydrated Alfalfa Production in Spain. 2011 Sep; 55, (11): 1005-1012.


Rec #: 6220
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Alfalfa is the major forage crop produced in temperate regions worlwide. Although this crop is currently used mainly for producing high-value livestock feed, its application for bioenergy production is a recent focus of interest. Even though it is not mandatory, alfalfa is normally dried in order to improve the quality of the final product. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to quantify the environmental impacts linked to alfalfa production in the major cultivation zone in Spain (Ebro Valley), including field activities, dehydration and transport to farms for livestock feeding. In addition, the identification of the most relevant processes contributing to the environmental impact and the potential improvements actions were also defined as objectives. Inventory data were obtained mainly from interviews with farmers complemented with published literature and comments from experts. LCA results were obtained for global warming, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidant formation, land use, non-renewable cumulative energy demand and human, terrestrial and aquatic ecotoxicities. Within the life cycle of alfalfa, the dehydration process, production of phosphate fertilizer, application of nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides, water consumption and final transport to the consumer (by road and ship) were identified as hot spots. Based on these, some improvement measures were proposed and evaluated: (i) reduction of the moisture content of alfalfa and the use of a higher percentage of biomass for combustion in the dehydration process, (ii) no application of nitrogen fertilizer in maintenance years and (iii) use of more efficient trucks for transport. Their implementation would produce significant reduction of eutrophication, global warming, acidification, non-renewable cumulative energy demand and, to a lesser extent, photochemical oxidation formation and human toxicity impacts.
Keywords: Fertilizers
Keywords: Eutrophication
Keywords: life cycle analysis
Keywords: Sustainability Science Abstracts
Keywords: M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development
Keywords: Climatic changes
Keywords: Environmental impact
Keywords: Global warming
Keywords: Conservation
Keywords: alfalfa
Keywords: Acidification
Keywords: Toxicity English. Date revised - 2012-01-01. Last updated - 2012-01-19. DOI - OB-4073dc73-3925-4bce-bfa6csaobj201; 15552202; 0921-3449. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Eutrophication; life cycle analysis; Climatic changes; Environmental impact; Global warming; alfalfa; Acidification; Toxicity

245. Ganieva, S M; Iskandarov, a I; Abdurahmanova, M O, and Ganieva, S M. Preventing Ways of Acute Poisoning in Children. 2010; 16, A8.


Rec #: 7210
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Among evils, bringing children by civilisation and technical progress for the last decades, especially significant are traumas and poisoning. The aim of study is carry out of quantitative diagnostics criteria and evaluation severity degree of chemical traumas in children and recommendations on their prevention. Material for study were 62 cases of acute poisoning among children at the age from 5 months to 18 years by the most wide-spread poisons: industrial ones dichlorethan, acetic acid; domestic are PhOI compounds (carbophos, chlorophosis), medicines soporifics from the group of barbituric acid (Phenobarbital). More often the poisonings take place at the age under 5 years old; in our study the poisonings at this age were 72.6%. It is explained by large inquisitiveness and activity of early and preschool age children. Very dangerous age is from 1 to 3 years, the poisonings at this age were 59.7% in our observations. The second little peak is observed at the age 12-14 years. It is explained by more frequent attempts of suicide in pubertal period. Among poisoned boys were more 67.7% cases than girls were 32.3%. This fact can be explained by higher activity of boys young and preschool age, their big inquisitiveness and inclination to adventures. Thus, the main ways of preventing acute poisonings in children are: creating intellectual computer system on base of toxicometric researches; creating electron database in toxicology; creating International informative toxicologic centre; instructive work among parents; put scientific working-outs on toxicology into practice.
Keywords: Age
Keywords: H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma
Keywords: Injuries
Keywords: prevention
Keywords: Poisoning
Keywords: Health & Safety Science Abstracts
Keywords: Children
Keywords: suicide
Keywords: Toxicology English. Date revised - 2011-11-01. Last updated - 2012-03-29. DOI - adfcacda-0313-43b3-aabbcsamfg201; 14451564; 1353-8047. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Injuries; prevention; Poisoning; Children; suicide; Toxicology

246. Gao, Jijun; Liu, Linghua; Liu, Xiaoru; Lu, Jin; Hao, Hong; Yuan, Hao; Zhou, Huaidong, and Gao, Jijun. The Organic Contamination Survey and Health Risk Assessment of 16 Source Water Reservoirs in Haihe River Basin. 2012; 65, (6): 998-1006.


Rec #: 6000
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Although contamination by organic pollutants has previously been reported to occur in the Haihe River basin, few studies have been carried out on the levels of source water reservoir contamination and the health risk in the Haihe River basin. To understand the organic pollution status of the reservoirs in the Haihe River basin, samples were collected from 16 source water reservoirs. The samples were analyzed for the representative organic pollutants, which included benzene homologues, chlorobenzene compounds, organophosphorus pesticides, and nitrobenzene compounds, a total in all of 17 compounds. It was observed that the concentrations of the 17 compounds in the 16 reservoirs were all less than the limit laid down by Chinese surface water quality standards. In addition, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, dichlorvos, demeton, dimethoate methyl parathion, malathion and parathion were frequently detected in the 16 source water reservoirs, especially the organophosphorus pesticides; the detection rates of dichlorvos, dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion and parathion were all 100% in the 16 source water reservoirs. The detection rate of target compounds suggested that organic pollution had been common in the source water of the Haihe River basin. The health risk assessment results suggested that the noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of the target compounds were less than one, and the cancer risk values were all below 1 x 10 super(-6), which indicated that the heath risk produced by the target compounds in the 16 reservoirs was at an acceptable level.
Keywords: Risk assessment
Keywords: Benzenes
Keywords: River Basins
Keywords: Water Pollution Sources
Keywords: Surface water quality
Keywords: Environmental Studies
Keywords: Public Health
Keywords: Assessments
Keywords: H 5000:Pesticides
Keywords: R2 23060:Medical and environmental health
Keywords: Reservoirs
Keywords: Dichlorvos
Keywords: AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies
Keywords: Pollution detection
Keywords: SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes
Keywords: Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts
Keywords: P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Keywords: Nitrobenzene
Keywords: dichlorvos
Keywords: River basins
Keywords: Cancer
Keywords: ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety
Keywords: Risk
Keywords: Health risks
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Pesticides in river water
Keywords: Dimethoate
Keywords: dimethoate
Keywords: M2 556.52:River Systems (556.52)
Keywords: Parathion English. Date revised - 2012-11-01. Last updated - 2012-12-06. DOI - OB-adcc10b5-ce6d-4bd9-a9c8csamfg201; 16770606; 0273-1223. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides in river water; River basins; Surface water quality; Reservoirs; Risk assessment; Pollution detection; Nitrobenzene; dichlorvos; Cancer; Health risks; Pesticides; Dimethoate; dimethoate; Dichlorvos; Parathion; Risk; Benzenes; River Basins; Public Health; Assessments; Water Pollution Sources

247. Gao, Jijun; Liu, Linghua; Liu, Xiaoru; Zhou, Huaidong; Lu, Jin; Huang, Shengbiao; Wang, Zijian, and Wang, Zijian. The Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Organophosphorous Pesticides in Chinese Surface Water. 2009 Feb; 82, (2): 223-229.


Rec #: 5090
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: The organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) contaminations have been reported to occur in some Chinese waters. To describe the contamination status and the spatial distribution of OPPs in the surface water throughout China, samples were collected from over 600 sites located in the surface water of seven major river basins and three main internal rivers drainage areas during 2003 and 2004. The surface water samples were analyzed for the representative OPPs including dichlorvos, demeton, dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion and parathion. In general, the most frequently detected compound was dichlorvos and demeton, being detected in 89.1% of samples (mean=17.8ng/L; range <1.4-1,552.0ng/L) for dichlorvos, and 78.2% of samples (mean=35.4ng/L; range <1.5-2,560.0ng/L) for demeton. While the detection frequencies of the dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion, and parathion were all less than 50% in all the surface water samples. Measured concentrations for the six compounds were low and rarely exceed the environment quality standard for surface water of China. The six OPPs compounds were more frequently detected at much higher concentrations in the rivers of north China compared with those of south China. The results of this investigation indicate that OPPs contamination in the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Liaohe River, and Haihe River basins of north China should be of particular concern. When compared with other regions of the world, it appears that the Chinese surface water is some moderately polluted by dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion and contaminated by dichlorvos and demeton in certain degree.


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