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- 4.3.2 Data about NPU-V
- 4.4 Employment
- 4.4.2 Findings in NPU-V
4.3 DemographicsBased on general evidence from literature, we answer the question: How can the built environment and other social and environmental factors impact certain demographics and health outcomes in a community? 4.3.1 Literature Review of FindingsResearch shows that socioeconomic conditions, such as unemployment rates, funding and quality of public schools, household income, and neighborhood quality play a strong role in determining individual health. Quality and availability of resources at the neighborhood level shape personal choices toward health and determine an individual’s access to professional medical care (California Newsreel, 2008). A neighborhood’s social and physical environment is tied to mortality, disability, birth outcomes, chronic conditions, health behaviors and other risk factors for chronic disease. Furthermore, mental health, injuries, and violence are linked to these same factors (Cubbin et al, 2008). Past racial discrimination, disproportionately distributed resources, such as housing, jobs and municipal services, contribute to racial health disparities (California Newsreel, 2008). Today, more than half of African Americans live in a neighborhood in which at least 20 percent of residents live below the federal poverty live, compared to 1 in 10 whites (Cubbin et al, 2008). 4.3.2 Data about NPU-VResearchers at Georgia Tech report sociodemographic data from 2012 for NPU-V and the broader City of Atlanta in the Neighborhood and Quality of Life Health Project (NQLHP) (available at http://www.cgis.gatech.edu/NQOLH/About_NPUs/V/ ) Table 1. Distribution of Sociodemographic Status, NPU-V and City of Atlanta
Race, employment, household income, percent living below the poverty line, and the level of college attainment are tied to the poor health outcomes outlined in section 3.2.2. For example, the poverty level in NPU-V is nearly twice as high compared to the city of Atlanta; only 18 percent of NPU-V residents attained college credential compared to 46.3 percent of the city of Atlanta; the median household income in NPU-V ($20,858) is less than half of the city of Atlanta’s ($46,146). These social measures are linked to the high rates of physical and mental disability and chronic disease described in section 3.2.2. Neighborhood Nexus (available at http://www.neighborhoodnexus.org/project_coa ) has also aggregated sociodemographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Decennial Census and American Community Survey and a host of other city-specific resources (for a complete list, see http://www.neighborhoodnexus.org/sites/default/files/COA_datasources.pdf ) to the NPU level. We created maps on pertinent sociodemographic data using this resource, including the distribution by NPU of minority residents, unemployment, income, poverty, education, health insurance coverage, crime, vehicle availability, recreational facility and restaurant access, housing affordability, and vacancy (Appendix A). Taken together, NPU-V is in a vulnerable position in comparison to most other NPUs for most of these indicators. 4.4 EmploymentBased on general evidence from literature, how does employment impact health? 4.4.1 Literature Review of FindingsUnemployment is linked to many factors that lead to chronic stress: job insecurity, debt, inability to afford reliable transportation, inability to afford childcare, lack of insurance, and poor quality living conditions (California Newsreel, 2008). Low-income families have less access to social safety nets that assist more affluent families in overcoming adverse conditions during periods of unemployment or job insecurity (Cubbin et al, 2008). Low and middle-income earners are more likely to report low or fair level of health and less likely to receive preventative healthcare services due to cost (Cubbin et al, 2008). 4.4.2 Findings in NPU-VThe unemployment rate in NPU-V is 24 percent, nearly twice as high compared to the city of Atlanta (NQLHP) (see Appendix A). Nearly one quarter of NPU-V residents must cope with physical and mental stress related to job insecurity, as well as barriers to resources, such as healthy food, transportation, childcare, education, and healthcare. Compared to the city as a whole, the rate of poverty is also nearly twice as high in NPU-V. The median household income ($20,858) is less than half of the citywide rate ($46,168) (NQLHP, 2012) (see Appendix A). This suggests that even those who are employed struggle to afford access to these same resources, due to their low income. The number of retail and food businesses began to dwindle once urban renewal policies took effect in the 1950s, resulting in limited employment opportunities within NPU-V. Today some residents work temporary jobs at Turner Field during the baseball season and some secure income by providing parking in vacant lots on game days (Burns, 2013). There are no major employers in the area and typical businesses found in NPU-V include liquor stores, cleaners, and fast food restaurants. Once the Braves vacate the stadium, some residents will lose those temporary jobs. There are also few childcare options in the area (Burns, 2013). Each of these compounding factors (job insecurity, few opportunities for employment, and limited child care options) typify the potential for the redevelopment to mitigate poor physical and mental health outcomes for NPU-V community members. Directory: 2015 2015 -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 2015 -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d 2015 -> Police Militarization 2015 -> Medical Radiography Program 2015 -> 2015 ihbb championships: hs history Bowl Round 4 – Prelims First Quarter 2015 -> Desk review yemen 2015 -> Wrtp/big step · 3841 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, wi 53208 2015 -> 1. naclo 2015 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad 2015 -> Rao bulletin 1 December 2015 html edition this bulletin contains the following articles 2015 -> Volume Ⅴ (2015) On The 2015 China Victory Day Parade Download 189.92 Kb. Share with your friends:
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