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- 4.5.2 Findings in NPU-V
- 4.6 Greenspace
- 4.6.2 Findings in NPU-V
4.5 HousingBased on general evidence from literature, what is known about housing that impacts health? 4.5.1 Literature Review of FindingsHousing affordability is a critical social determinant of health. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, families and individuals paying more than 30 percent of their annual income toward housing are likely to face financial barriers to other necessities such as transportation, food and childcare. Residential stability is positively linked to community health, while moving can result in job loss and loss of one’s social network (Landrigan & Claudio, 2008). Moreover, home ownership attracts investment in businesses, schools and infrastructure and promotes neighborhood cohesion (Human Impact Partners, 2012). Housing conditions also influence health. People living in poverty are more likely to live in substandard housing because they are more likely to face financials barriers when it comes to a fixing and replacing housing features when they break or wear out (Human Impact Partners, 2012). Those living in poverty are more likely to live in overcrowded conditions due to housing costs; they are more likely to suffer from infectious and chronic diseases, poor nutrition, and adverse mental health conditions (Human Impact Partners, 2012). Furthermore, they are less likely to move away from a particular environment (such as a polluted area) that may be harmful to their health, due to cost (California Newsreel, 2008) Vacant and abandoned housing is often linked to crime and low social cohesion within a community. Wachter and Gillen (2006) examined the economic impact on property values of a range of place-based public investments. They found that maintaining or improving the condition of commercial corridors (such as noise and congestion) could increase the value of nearby dwellings. Public initiatives can mitigate the negative impact of existing vacant lots by improving the value of these lots through cleaning, greening, and adding amenities such as benches, sidewalks, and fences. Houses with improved adjacent vacant lots have been shown to have about 17 percent greater value than houses with neglected adjacent vacant lots. Neighborhood greening strategies such as additional parking, green streetscapes, and planting trees in public spaces resulted in a 28 percent gain in surrounding home values compared to areas without improvements. Homes located in Business Improvements Districts (BID), or neighborhood-based, quasi-public agencies that provide public services focused on improving the condition and safety of outdoor public spaces within their jurisdictions, were valued 30% higher than comparable homes not located in BIDs. 4.5.2 Findings in NPU-VThe housing market of any community can be a great economic indicator, showing both developmental growth and stability, as well as of evidence of stagnation or trouble. NPU-V was among those communities impacted, if not the hardest hit area in Atlanta, during the era of the housing and foreclosure crisis of 2008 (Rich et al., 2010). The number of foreclosures in NPU-V was roughly four times the citywide rate (Rich et al., 2010), resulting in a high rate of vacant homes. The area simultaneously has the highest crime rate compared to all other neighborhood planning units and has also experienced high rates of property crime (Rich et al., 2010). Coupled together, these factors have led to a depression in the housing market in the neighborhood. As of 2010, according to census data, NPU-V had a vacancy rate of 32.7% (U.S. Census, 2010). At the time of data collection, NPU-V had 7,598 housing units, which included a slight increase of 1,011 units (15%) from the 6,587 units in 2000. Of these occupied housing units, a large majority (74%) are renter-occupied, while only 26% are owner-occupied (U.S. Census, 2010). Most recently, the median value of homes in the area was calculated to be $162,600 with the average monthly rent/leasing rate at $715 (NQOLH, 2012). Data concerning the percent of NPU-V members living in overcrowded housing conditions and the quality of housing conditions is unknown. Because a large number of NPU-V residents live in poverty, it is likely that housing conditions are of poor quality. A complete health impact assessment is needed to provide the resources necessary to fully analyze individual, family, and community housing conditions in NPU-V. 4.6 GreenspaceBased on general evidence from literature, what is known about green space that impacts health? 4.6.1 Literature Review of FindingsDependent on the types of additions, greenspace can mediate an increase physical activity, a decrease in air pollution and the creation space for more opportunities for healthy community interaction (Dadvand et al., 2014). As a result of these changes, research advises a possibility for a decrease in prevalence of obesity, decreased risk of CVD, improvement of birth-weight and birth outcomes, decrease in prevalence of depression, emotional, anxiety and mood disorders, and an increase in community interaction, attachment and cohesion (Dadvand et al., 2014; Richardson et al., 2013; Dadvand et al., 2011; Nutsford & Kingham, 2013; Beyer et al., 2014; Flouri, Midouhas, & Joshi, 2014; Hunziker & Bauer, 2012; Arnberger & Eder, 2011). With these improvements comes the possibility of perceived higher quality of life (Arnberger & Eder, 2011). 4.6.2 Findings in NPU-VGreen space can be defined as areas covered with trees, shrubs, grass, or other plants or natural features, trails through these areas, gardens, and/or parks set apart for recreation. Currently, there are a few small parks within the boundaries of NPU-V and a couple of larger parks in the nearby NPUs (i.e. Oakland Cemetery and Grant Park) that are accessible to residents. The plan to redevelop the Turner Field area proposes the inclusion of more areas of green space that would ideally be accessible to nearby NPU-V residents. Research demonstrates that increased green space in a community could encourage activities and conditions that would have a positive effect on mental, physical and community health outcomes. Directory: 2015 2015 -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 2015 -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d 2015 -> Police Militarization 2015 -> Medical Radiography Program 2015 -> 2015 ihbb championships: hs history Bowl Round 4 – Prelims First Quarter 2015 -> Desk review yemen 2015 -> Wrtp/big step · 3841 W. 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