Development planning, traffic and environment planning of Fuzhou

3.3.2.4Functional layout

(1) Urban center and commercial and trade area

A 1-center and 4-sub-centers system is designed on the Island. The center is positioned between Jiefang Bridge of Nanjiang Binlu and the third bridge of the Minjiang River, and both sides of Nantai Dadao. 4 sub-centers are respectively positioned at Jinshan, Jianxin, Gaishan and Chengmen. Nantaidao Island commercial and trade center is at Shangshanlu, Liuyi Nanlu and Nantai Dadao, covering an area of 6.7 hectares.
(2) Tourist and entertainment area

Along Luozhou and south side of Chengmen, on the basis of tourist development along the river, utilization of rich natural and folk customs, it shall build a cultural and tourist zone along the river, which shall extend from Wanxiang to Pitou harbor area in the east. It shall develop tourist resources surrounding Huaxia Shijiyuan, Zhonghua Water Cultural Town, Ancient Luozhou Town and Yixu Flood land (the planning proposes that a movie producing city should be built), thus forming a beautiful cultural and tourist zone with rich activities along the river.

On the basis of Cangshan SciTech park area, Gaishan investment area and Chengmen investment area, it shall further expand land tenure, optimize structure and construct hi-tech industrial area. It is planned to arrange 713-hectare land for construction of the industrial parks, including 113 hectares at Puxiazhou, 53 hectares at Cangshan SciTech Park, 133 hectares at Gaishan investment area, 73.3 hectares at Chengmen, 120 hectares at Guozhai, 100 hectares at Luxia and 127 hectares at Panyu.

It shall perfect Shoushan cultural and educational area, develop Feifenngshan cultural and educational area, reserve Huaian and Luozhou cultural and educational area, and intensify the function of Nantaidao Island as a base for Fuzhou’s culture, education and scientific research.

Residential communities mainly concentrate at Jinshan and Jianxin. Jinshan shall be built mainly with high-grade residential communities, especially along Wulongjiang River and Minjiang River. Garden-type communities and approved villa communities shall be built there. Jianxin shall be built mainly with economic residences or other general residences, but construction at the new areas shall adhere to relatively high standard.

It is located on the north of Jinshan Dadao and on the south of Xishan. It is divided into west area, middle area and east area on the boundaries of Hongwanlu and Jianxin Dadao, covering a total area of 360.73 hectares. With the support of high learning institutions and scientific research institutes, focusing on IT, biotechnology, integration of electromechanics and new materials, Jianxin Industrial Zone shall strive to develop network technology, photoelectric technology, automation, intelligent digital products, fine chemicals, bioengineering and marine technology; introduce intelligence and technologies; promote Fuzhou’s three pillar industries of electronics, mechanics and light industry to develop in scale, intensive enterprise and hi-tech, so as to form a urban industrial structure with hi-tech, high added-value, low energy consumption and low pollution.

3.3.3Current city traffic situation and development planning

Development objective of city’s economy and traffic shall be based social acceptability, environmental sustainability and implementation feasibility.

3.3.3.1Current situation of Fuzhou’s traffic and existing problems

In 2001, total road length at Fuzhou region was 912km, out of which trunk road area reached 10.195 million square meters, road area per capita reached 6.63m². In 2002, the business revenue of Fuzhou’s public transport sector was RMB￥304.5143 million; passenger transport volume was 307.67671 million person times; vehicle-kilometer was 108.96 million kilometers, a growth of 7.87%, 12.19% and 103.31% respectively over the previous year. Bus/10000person was 11.32 scalar; operating lines were 89, out of which mini bus lines were 37. Total line length was 1348km; line length of the mini bus was 544.1km. Line network length was 367km and line network length of the mini bus was 109.8km. Stopovers were 4120 and parking lot area was 221,700m².

With speeding-up of urbanization process, people’s tour frequency keeps increasing, so the total tour volume keeps growing. Meanwhile, after China’s entry into the WTO, Fuzhou’s automobile number has increased greatly. Especially since 2002, automobile number plates are open to the public, the number of automobiles in the urban area has a tremendous increase. According to statistics, from October, 2001 to October, 2002, the number of automobiles in Fuzhou’s central urban area increased nearly 20,000. Furthermore, although the construction of the urban roads has grown steadily, the increase rate of the newly built roads in recent years is not more than 5%, the growth rate is far less than the increase rate of the number of the automobiles. So contradiction between traffic demand and supply becomes serious with each passing day, the heavy-loaded urban roads have a more difficult situation; urban road traffic environment becomes worse gradually, there are traffic jams sometimes at some main crosses and trunk roads. Urban traffic has become a bottleneck that restricts the normal operation of the city and rapid economic development, which shall be resolved urgently. Generally speaking, Fuzhou’s current city traffic has the following main problems:

1. 
   Unreasonable road structure layout: it is better in the north but poor in the south; road network at the new urban area is relatively complete, but that at the old urban area is not well improved;
   

2. 
   Without good coordination of the road network grades: there is no expressway network, main trunk road network is relatively good, but the secondary trunk road network is not sufficient. Some branch roads have dead ends and are narrow. They shall be transformed and improved;
   

3. 
   Construction of social public parking lot lags behind, management of the parking on the roadside is not normalized.
   

4. 
   There are too many crosses that are too narrow and not in regular form. Automobile, bicycles and pedestrians mingle with each other and are in disorder, which have caused traffic jams on Fuzhou’s roads.
   

All those problems are quite prominent. Management, quick innovation and long-term planning shall be performed to solve those problems.

Water transport

3.3.3.2Objective of traffic development

It shall build a complete city traffic framework system, configure various urban roads, form an integral traffic system that is able to meet city’s long-term traffic need, coordinate with social, economic, cultural and ecologic environments, has reasonable layout, definite functions, relatively high-level construction and modern management level, and is quick, convenient, multi-layered, dimensional and harmonized.

Planning of Fuzhou’s road network is to build a modern road network that can meet the traffic need based on construction of trunk road network and reasonably configured roads.
In accordance with 《Integral Traffic Planning of Fuzhou Central City》 compiled in 1995, Fuzhou city road network is in a square, ring and radial pattern. It shall consist of 8 radial lines, 3 ring roads and several trunk roads passing through east, west, south and north of the city. The second ring road, the third ring road, special airport expressway, highway (connecting line), Guohuolu and Pushanglu on Nantaidao Island constitute a city expressway network.
Schematic map of Fuzhou’s framework road network
The inner ring road is around the key urban area, starts from Ximen in the north, along the Baimalu southward, crosses the Minjiang River, connects with Shangshanlu, runs eastward, connects with Liuyinanlu, and then along Liuyilu and crosses the Minjiang River to connect with Hudonglu at Dongmen, turns westward to connect with Hubinlu, and finally returns to Ximen. Since the inner ring road is positioned at the old urban area, passes through the flourishing urban area, most of the road sections are transformed from the old roads. Road widening involves three archways and 7 lanes (cultural properties), coordination is hard, so it is classified as the Class-I trunk road of the city.
The second ring road is around the inner ring road, starts from the west side of the north ring road, by way of Tongpan, Xiangshan, passes through Yangqiaolu and Gongyelu, along Changidnglu and crosses the Minjiang River (Minjiang Bridge at Youxizhou) to Jianxin, runs eastward to intersect with the planned Liuyi Nanlu (Nantai Dadao) at the north end of Gaogaishan, continuously runs eastward to reach Baihuting, then turns to north and along Lianjiang Nanlu, crosses Aofeng Bridge, along Lianjiang Zhonglu and Lianjiang Beilu, and reaches the north ring road by way of Wuliting → No.2 Chemical Plant → Jinjishan Tunnel → Liuyi Beilu → Wusi Beilu → the north ring road. The total length of the second ring road is 28.5Km. Construction of a section of about 18km has been completed according to the standard of Class-I trunk road. It is proposed that the whole line shall be constructed according to expressway standard about in 2010. After assessment on environmental impact, landscape, traffic and construction cost, the Fuzhou Municipal party Committee and Municipal Government have decided to pause the construction of the second elevated viaduct.
The outer ring road (the third ring road): It is designed an expressway of six lanes. The road will pass Gushan, Xindian, Jinshan, Jianxin, Gaishan and Chengmen. It is an expressway connecting all those newly developing areas and aims at providing a quick traffic for the urban area with all satellite towns and part of transit vehicles by means of the outer ring road and radial lines. The total length is about 49km and the construction of the whole line is to be completed before 2020.
The three ring roads play different roles in organizing the city traffic.
The inner ring road will mainly undertake the traffic of CBD.
The second ring road will mainly undertake the task to connect the areas around the central area.
Beside Gaishan and Xindian, the third ring road covers the whole central urban area. The construction of the third ring road will form a road framework with complete functions and reasonable structure at Fuzhou region, which would greatly exert the functions of the existing roads and enable most of the urban roads to connect with exit traffic lines, thus improving the scale benefit of the road network.
In accordance with 《Integral Planning of Fuzhou Nantaidao Island》compiled in 2000, an island ring road will be built on Nantaidao Island in short-term period along Minjiang River and Wulongjiang River. On the basis of the development of the tourist resources along the rivers, it shall speed up the land development and quicken the urbanization process of the undeveloped areas.

3.3.3.3Current situation of Fuzhou’s traffic and development planning

Since the reform and opening-up, Fuzhou has made remarkable achievements in social, economic and city construction, but city traffic problem becomes more serious with each passing day. Slow construction growth cannot meet the fast growing demand of the vehicles. There is a sharp contradiction between the supply and the demand; and urban traffic environment becomes worse gradually.

In accordance with 《Fuzhou General City Planning》, the general layout structure at the urban area is: main development axis along the river and sea coast, the central city and satellite towns shall be built along the banks of the Minjiang River and Wulongjiang River and along the coast, between which are connected with convenient and quick traffic, thus forming a “L”-shaped large modern city space with the central city as the center and ten towns as its satellite towns. The existing road network at the urban area (on the north of the Minjiang River) appears block pattern while the road network at Cangshan (Nantaidao Island) is freely laid out, whose trunk roads don’t constitute a system.
Since the beginning of the new century, urban construction is based on the principle of “expansion in the east, extension in the south and exploitation in the west”. The key is to develop Nantaidao Island and build the University City. Central city layout shall be based on the traditional central axis of Bayiqilu and the modern Minjiang development axis. It shall take Gulou and Taijiang Districts as the core around by Gushan, Xindian, Cangshan, Jinshan, Gaishan and Xinjian towns, and build them into a group-type structure that has close links but relative independent as well.

3.3.3.4Current situation of Nantaidao Island’s traffic and development planning

Nantaidao Island is positioned on the south gateway of Fuzhou, enjoys a favorable geographic environment and a quite accessible traffic. There are 9 bridges connecting other parts of the city. It is at the starting point of No.324 State highway and the entrance of Tongsan Highway. No.316 and No.324 State Highways pass through the territory. It has a developed highway network.

Development of Nantaidao Island is an important integral part to implement Fuzhou’s development strategy of “expansion in the east, extension in the south and exploitation in the west”. Geographically, Nantaidao Island is the sole place of Fuzhou to meet the need for city expansion and development, and a guarantee to develop new urban industries, build new districts and realize fast economic development. Development of Nantaidao Island will be conducive to sharing the functions and scattering the population at Gulou and Taijiang districts, and create favorable conditions for promoting the transformation of the old urban area. Across the Minjiang River (Wulongjiang River) are Jiefang Bridge, No.2 Minjiang Bridge, No.3 Minjiang Bridge (Aofeng Bridge), No.4 Minjiang Bridge (Sanxianzhou), No.6 Minjiang Bridge (Jinshan Bridge), Hongshan Bridge, Hongtang Bridge, Jinshan Bridge, Wulongjiang River Bridge, super-large Wulongjiang Bridge, No.5 Minjiang Bridge (Youxi Bridge) under construction, Wanbian Bridge and Gushan Bridge proposed to be built, which have helped remove the bottleneck of Nantaidao Island to connect with inland traffic, and are an essential guarantee for the construction and development of Nantaidao Island. The construction of the Phase-II Project of the Third Ring Road and Nantai Dadao will improve the investment environment of Nantaidao Island and greatly promote the land development along the road line.
Construction of the Phase-II Project of the Third Ring Road and Nanjiang Binlu will greatly promote the implementation of Fuzhou’s development strategy of “expansion in the east, extension in the south and exploitation in the west”. On the basis of the Phase-II Project of the Third Ring Road and Nanjiang Binlu, it shall carry out land development mainly on public traffic and social services, and greatly develop tourist resources along the river, which would promote fast developments of the city traffic, building industry, real estate industry and recreation sector. Moreover, the development of those industries would promote the development of related upstream and downstream industries, thus making the city develop as a whole.

3.3.3.5Necessity and urgency of building Nanjiang Binlu

(1) Urgent need to implement the city development strategy
The new development pattern of Fuzhou’s urban area is based on the central city along the rivers and the coast. Geographically, Jianxin, Chengmen and Gaishan, Shangjie (University City) on Nantaidao Island are positioned at the plain. It enjoys a unique geographic advantage, so it can meet the need for city expansion. It is a key project of Fuzhou’s city construction at present. The construction of Nanjiang Binlu will be conducive to land development and construction at the newly developing area, and will promote the traffic to guide the development of city.
(2) Urgent need to perfect the road network construction
In accordance with 《Fuzhou General City Planning》(revised edition approved by the State Council in 1999), the south bank line of Beigang shall be moved outwards at Puxiazhou section, the proposed road network includes an island ring road along the new bank line of Nantaidao Island. Nanjiang Binlu is the north ring road of the island ring road of Nantaidao Island. Its function is defined as the secondary trunk road to integrate recreation, river landscape and traffic. Therefore, the construction of Nanjiang Binlu shall not only perfect the road network structure on Nantaidao Island, but also improve the density of the secondary trunk road network at Fuzhou’s urban area, and meet resident’s need for tour at the surrounding areas.
(3) Urgent need for city expansion and land development
With the implementation of the city development strategy of “expansion in the east, extension in the south and exploitation in the west”, development of New Jinshan area and even the whole Nantaidao Island has become Fuzhou’s urgency. The construction of the new area would play an important role in expanding the city scale, improving land utilization rate, promoting transformation of the old urban area, easing urban land tenure and traffic pressure, and scattering the dense population.
Areas along Nanjiang Binlu (section to the east of No.3 Bridge) are all undeveloped. The construction of the road project would not only strengthen the quick link of the central city with Nantaidao Island and expansion of the city scale, but also greatly promote land development along the road line and construction of the new areas, thus perfecting city’s reasonable layout and increasing land value at the undeveloped area. It will play an important role in redisplaying Fuzhou’s unique view of a modern city harmonized with its historic culture.
(4) Need for social and economic developments
In the next few years, demand of the residents at Fuzhou’s urban area for house cars will increase very fast, which would bring huge pressure on Fuzhou’s limited road network. Urban road traffic would face a huge challenge. When the traffic supply cannot meet the demand for traffic, traffic contradiction would become a restrictive factor of the social and economic developments. To construct Nanjiang Binlu very soon is an urgent need of Fuzhou to support its fast social and economic developments.
(5) Need for quick city traffic development
About in 2005, it is estimated that the total number of vehicles at the urban area will be over 100,000. The existing city road network will be hardly to bear such huge traffic burden, so it is absolutely to develop new areas (roads) to scatter and share city traffic.
In accordance with traffic flow estimate, the traffic flow on the road section from Cangqian Xilu of Nanjiang Binlu to No.3 Minjiang Bridge would reach 21000car/day; the traffic flow on the road section from No.3 Minjiang Bridge to Kuiqi Bridge would reach 14000car/day (the above figures were converted with mini bus equivalent).
The construction of Nanjiang Binlu would quickly form a trunk road network on Nantaidao Island, scatter and share traffic flow at the urban area. It is an urgent need for the fast development of the urban traffic.
(6) Need for speeding up tourist resource development and realization of a comfortable society
Nanjiang Binlu Project will promote the construction of landscape along Nanjiang Binlu, form a complete one-river (the Minjiang River) and two-zone (south and north bank landscape zones) scenery. It will meet the demand of people for leisure, recreation and tourism, beautify the provincial capital city and promote the tourist resource development. The construction of Nanjiang Binlu is a must for promoting urbanization process and developing tourist resource so as to build a comfortable society.

3.3.4Fuzhou environment planning

3.3.4.1Guiding principle of the planning revision

We shall adhere to the principle of synchronizing the planning, implementation and development of the urban and rural construction, economic construction and environment construction as a whole, and realize the integration of social, economic and environmental benefits. We shall analyze environmental change trend on the basis of social and economic development strategy, raise a policy of environmental protection, and promote the sustainable developments of society, economy and environment.

3.3.4.2Planning scope

The planned scope in this planning covers the central city, Mawei, Changan and Langqi, totaling an area of 161.3km². The central city consists of 4 districts – Gulou, Taijiang, Cangshan and Jinan, covering an area of 133.3km².

The planned scope of the water environmental protection covers Fuzhou section of the Minjiang River, rivers at the urban area, Xihu Lake and water resource protection area of Aojiang River. The proposed scope of the air environmental protection covers the proposed area. The proposed scope of the noise environmental protection covers developed urban area. The proposed scope of the solid waste treatment covers the proposed urban area: The proposed scope of the ecologic environmental protection mainly covers the proposed urban area, but shall extend to the related areas in suburb counties (municipalities).

3.3.4.3Planning term

The planning term is from 2001 to 2020. The reference year was 1998, short-term year is 2005, medium-term year is 2010 and long-term year is 2020.

3.3.4.4General objective of the environmental protection

The short-term objective (to 2005) of the urban environmental protection: urban environmental quality at the functional area shall reach the State standard and environmental quality has significant improvement; an overall implementation of a total volume control plan shall be performed; total pollutant discharge volume shall be limited at the level in 2000 and shall have a possible decrease; the worsening trend of Fuzhou’s environmental pollution and ecologic environment shall be basically controlled, thus making society, economy and environment develop coordinately.

The medium-term objective (to 2010) of the urban environmental protection: the worsening trend of the environmental pollution and ecologic environment shall be checked; city layout, industrial structure and resource utilization shall tend to reasonableness. It shall effectively control the environmental pollution, check the worsening trend of the ecologic environment and keep improving the environmental quality while it maintains a sustainable and healthy economic development. It shall implement the ecologic environmental protection at key ecologic functional area, key resource development area and good ecologic area. We must implement the city ecologic environmental protection; form an urban green passage, an urban water body environment passage and an urban air environment passage. We shall realize the sustainable developments of society, economy and environment.
The long-term objective (to 2020) of the urban environmental protection: urban environment quality shall be fine; city layout shall be rational and conform to the general demand of city’s social and economic developments; ecologic environment shall have a virtuous cycle; city environment shall be beautiful and reach the goal of a harmonious coexisting of human being and nature.

3.3.4.5Classification of water environment functional area

In accordance with the classification of water environment functional area at Fuzhou section of the Minjiang River, refer to Table 6.5-1 and Fig. 6.5-1.for detailed classification of water environment functional area.

Table 6.5-1 Classification of water environment functional area around Nantaidao Island

Water area	Scope	Main function	Water quality goal	Sewage discharge standard (GB8978-96)
Beigang	Qiapu - Jiuhongshanqiao	Category-B protection area for drinking water source	Class III	Sewage discharge forbidden
	Jiuhongshanqiao - the Minjiang Bridge	Protection area for general fishes		Class-I sewage discharge standard
	The Minjiang Bridge – Sankongqiao	Category-B protection area for drinking water source		Sewage discharge forbidden
	Sankongqiao – Jiukongzha	Protection area for general fishes		Class-I sewage discharge standard
	Jiukongzha - Rujiangkou	Hybrid pollutant discharge area	Class III	Class-I sewage discharge standard
	Rujiangkou - Liujiang Village	Protection area for general fishes	Class III	Class-I sewage discharge standard
	Liujiang Village - Mawei Shipbuilding Plant	Category-B protection area for drinking water source		Sewage discharge forbidden
	Mawei Shipbuilding Plant - Luoxingta	Protection area for general fishes		Class-I sewage discharge standard
Nangang	Huaian - Pukou	Protection area for general fishes	Class III	Class-I sewage discharge standard
	Pukou - Yingqianzha	Category-B protection area for drinking water source		Sewage discharge forbidden
	Yingqianzha - Baiyanta	Protection area for general fishes		Class-I sewage discharge standard

Section from Sanxianzhou Bridge of Nanjiang Binlu to the west side of Jiangbianzhou is close to the Category-B protection area for drinking water source.

3.3.4.6Classification of air environment functional area

In accordance with 《Fuzhou General City Environment Planning》(2001~2020), functional area of the environmental air quality is divided into Category-A and Category-II. A buffer area (width ≥300m) is designed between Category-A and Category-II areas. Refer to Table 6.5-2 and Fig. 6.5-2 for classification of the functional area of the environmental air quality.

Table 6.5-2 Classification of the functional area of the environmental air quality at Fuzhou

Name	Main functions	Area (Km2)	Class	Implementation of State standard
Gushan and Guling Villa area	Scenic spot	7.6
North suburb State forest park	Natural protection area	5.5
Huaian and Jinshan scenic spot	Scenic spot	4.2	Category-I	Class 1 standard
Other areas within the administrative area			Category-II	Class 2 standard
300m between Category-A and Category-B			Buffer area	Class 1 standard

Nanjiang Binlu is beyond the scenic spots and buffer area, areas on both sides of the road are within the Category-B area.

3.3.4.7Classification of noise environment functional area

(1) Classification of applicable environment noise area

At present, Fuzhou implements 《Classification of Applicable Environment Noise Area at Fuzhou’s Urban Area》 promulgated by the Fuzhou Municipal People’s Government in 1997. Applicable environment noise area at Fuzhou’s urban center is classified into 5 categories. Standard GB3096-93《Urban Area Environment Noise Standard》 is implemented. Category-0 standard is applicable to convalescence area, high-grade villa area and high-grade hotel area where require special quietness; 5dB that is higher than category-0 standard is applicable to those areas in the suburb and countryside. Category-A standard is applicable to residence community, cultural and educational areas, this standard is also applicable to countryside residence environment. Category-B standard is applicable to a mixed area of residence, commerce and industry. Category-C standard is applicable to industrial area. Category-D standard is applicable to areas on both sides of the urban trunk road and areas on both banks of the river channel passing through the urban area, this standard is also applicable to the limited value of the background noise (means the noise level at the time without train passing by) at the areas on both sides of the primary and secondary trunk railways passing through the urban area.
In accordance with the classification of applicable environment noise area《Fuzhou’s City Environment Planning》, Nantaidao Island is divided into 4-category areas. Refer to Fig. 6.5-3 for details.
Category-I area: Jinshan educational area and Changan educational area. Nanjiang Binlu does not affect those areas;

Category-III area: Jinshan investment area and Chengmen investment area. The noise environment at those areas is not affected by noise impact of Nanjiang Binlu; only Gangtouzhou industrial area is related with Nanjiang Binlu;

Category-IV area: Primary and secondary trunk roads. It relates to Cangqianlu and both sides of Guanhailu;

Category-II area: Areas on both sides of Nanjiang Binlu. Except Gangtouzhou industrial area implements category-D standard, the rest areas implement category-B standard.

3.3.4.8Objective of ecologic environmental protection

An ecologic environmental protection policy shall be carried out on construction of the key ecologic functional area, key resource development area and good ecologic area. Great importance shall be attached to the urban ecologic environmental protection, constructions of the city green passage, city water body environment passage, city air environment passage, creation of a beautiful city environment landscape.

By 2005, the green coverage of the newly built area shall reach 35% and vegetation of the natural protection area shall reach 8%.

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