VOICELESS /f/
-handkerchiefs /ˈhæŋkɚtʃɪfs/ /ˈhæŋkɚˌtʃifs/
-photographs /ˈfoʊt̬əˌgræfs/
VOICELESS /p/
-cups /kʌps/
-envelopes /ˈɛnvəˌloʊps/ /ˈɑnvəˌloʊps/
-groups /grups/
-hopes /hoʊps/
-maps /mæps/
-shops /ʃɑps/
-tips /tɪps/
-tops /tɑps/
VOICELESS /t/
-cats /kæts/
-coats /koʊts/
-forests /ˈfɔrɪs/ /ˈfɑrɪsts/
-hats /hæts/
-jackets /ˈdʒækɪts/
-lights /laɪts/
-minutes /ˈmɪnɪts/
-notes /noʊts/
-parents /ˈpɛrənts/ /ˈpærənts/
-plates /pleɪts/
-shirts /ʃɚts/
-skirts /skɚts/
-streets /strits/
-students /ˈstudnts/
-tourists /ˈtʊrɪsts/ /ˈtʊrɪs/
VOICELESS /θ/ = /th/
-deaths /dɛθs/
-months /mʌnθs/
-mouths /maʊθs/
NOTE:
SONORANTS
NASAL SOUNDS
|
m
|
n
|
ŋ
|
LIQUID SOUNDS
|
l
|
r
|
|
GLIDE SOUNDS
|
w
|
y
|
|
/z/
When the final sound of the singular noun is another voiced consonant sound /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /r/, /ð/ or a vowel sound - we pronounce the –s / es ending /z/.
VOICED /b/
-clubs /klʌbz/
-jobs /dʒɑbz/
-pubs /pʌbz/
-tubes /tubz/
-verbs /vɚbz/
VOICED /d/
-beds /bɛdz/
-cards /kɑrdz/
-friends /frɛndz/ /frɛnz/
-hands /hændz/ /hænz/
-husbands /ˈhʌzbəndz/ /ˈhʌzbənz/
-words /wɚdz/
VOICED /g/
-bags /bægz/
-dogs /dɔgz/
-drugs /drʌgz/
-eggs /ɛgz/
-legs /lɛgz/
-rugs /rʌgz/
VOICED /l/
-animals /ˈænəməlz/
-apples /ˈæpəlz/
-bowls /boʊlz/
-example /ɪgˈzæmpəlz/
-goals /goʊlz/
-meals /milz/
-nails /neɪlz/
-pencils /ˈpɛnsəlz/
-rules /rulz/
-sandals /ˈsændlz/
-skills /skɪlz/
-tables /ˈteɪbəlz/
VOICED /m/
-exams /ɪgˈzæmz/
-farms /fɑrmz/
-firms /fɚmz/
-homes /hoʊmz/
-names /neɪmz/
-problems /ˈprɑbləmz/
-program /ˈproʊgræmz/ /ˈproʊgrəmz/
-rooms /rumz/ /rʊmz/
VOICED /n/
-actions /ˈækʃənz/
-bones /boʊnz/
-guns /gʌnz/
-lessons /ˈlɛsənz/
-onions /ˈʌnyənz/
-opinions /əˈpɪnyənz/
-plans /plænz/
-questions /ˈkwɛstʃənz/ /ˈkwɛʃtʃənz/
-reasons /ˈrizənz/
-spoons /spunz/
-stones /stoʊnz/
VOICED /ŋ/
-buildings /ˈbɪldɪŋz/
-feelings /ˈfilɪŋz/
-rings /rɪŋz/
-songs /sɔŋz/
-things /thɪŋz/
VOICED /r/
-answers /ˈænsɚz/
-chairs /tʃɛrz/
-colours /ˈkʌlɚz/
-doors /dɔrz/
-letters /ˈlɛtɚz/
-numbers /ˈnʌmbɚz/
-papers /ˈpeɪpɚz/
-partners /ˈpɑrtnɚz/
-pears /pɛrz/
-sisters /ˈsɪstɚz/
-stairs /stɛrz/
-strangers /ˈstreɪndʒɚz/
-summers /ˈsʌmɚz/
-teachers /ˈtitʃɚz/
-years /yɪrz/
VOICED /v/
-gloves /glʌvz/
-knives /naɪvz/
-lives /laɪvz/
-negatives /ˈnɛgət̬ɪvz/
-olives /ɒlɪvz/
-positives /ˈpɑzət̬ɪvz/
-scarves /skɑrvz/
-shelves /ʃɛlvz/
-wives /waɪvz/
-wolves /wʊlvz/
/VOWELS/
When the final sound of the singular noun is a vowel sound, we pronounce the –s / -es ending /z/.
-boys /bɔɪz/
-cinemas /ˈsɪnəməz/
-cows /kaʊz/
-duties /ˈdutiz/
-keys /kiz/
-lies /laɪz/
-monkeys /ˈmʌŋkiz/
-nephews /ˈnɛfyuz/
-news /nuz/
-paws /pɔz/
-shows /ʃoʊz/
-Sundays /ˈsʌndiz/ /ˈsʌndeɪz/
-ties /taɪz/
-toes /toʊz/
-toys /tɔɪz/
-views /vyuz/
-ways /weɪz/
-zoos /zuz/
-studies /ˈstʌdiz/
/ɪz/
When the final sound of the singular noun is one of the ‘hissing=noisy’ sounds /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ - we pronounce the –s/es ending /ɪz/.
/s/
-boxes /ˈbɑksɪz/
-buses /ˈbʌsɪz/
-choices /ˈtʃɔɪsɪz/
-classes /ˈklæsɪz/
-courses /ˈkɔrsɪz/
-differences /ˈdɪfrənsɪz/
-glasses /ˈglæsɪz/
-illnesses /ˈɪlnɪsɪz/
-nieces /ˈnisɪz/
-nurses /ˈnɚsɪz/
-offices /ˈɔfɪsɪz/ /ˈɑfɪsɪz/
-places /ˈpleısɪz/
/z/
-houses /ˈhaʊzɪz/
-noises /ˈnɔɪzɪz/
-noses /ˈnoʊzɪz/
-roses /ˈroʊzɪz/
/ʃ/
-brushes /ˈbrʌʃɪz/
-bushes /ˈbʊʃɪz/
-crashes /ˈkræʃɪz/
-dishes /ˈdɪʃɪz/
-wishes /ˈwɪʃɪz/
/ʒ/
-garages /gəˈrɑʒɪz/ /gəˈrɑdʒɪz/
-massages /məˈsɑʒɪz/ /məˈsɑdʒɪz/
/tʃ/
-beaches /ˈbitʃɪz/
-peaches /ˈpitʃɪz/
-researches /ˈrisɚtʃɪz/ /rɪˈsɚtʃɪz/
-sandwiches /ˈsændwɪtʃɪz/
-watches /ˈwɑtʃɪz/ /ˈwɔtʃɪz/
/dʒ/
-bridges /ˈbrɪdʒɪz/
-changes /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/
-damages /ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/
-languages /ˈlæŋgwɪdʒɪz/
-oranges /ˈɔrɪndʒɪz/ /ˈɑrɪndʒɪz/
-sausages /ˈsɔsɪdʒɪz/
-stages /ˈsteɪdʒɪz/
ENGLISH CONSONANT PHONEMES
VOICED (SOFT)
|
UNVOICED (VOICELESS, HARD)
|
/b/
/d/
/dʒ/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
/ʒ/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
/l/
/r/
/w/
/y/
|
/p/
/t/
/tʃ/
/k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
/ʃ/
/h/
|
NOTE:
/dʒ/ = /d+ʒ/ /tʃ/ = /t+ʃ/
/ð/ = /dh/ /θ/ = /th/
/ʒ/ = /j/ /ʃ/ = /ş/
/ŋ/ = /ng/ /w/ = /vu/, /vü/
SYLLABLES & –S ENDINGS
|
Words ending in VOICED SOUNDS
/z/
|
Words ending in VOICELESS SOUNDS
/s/
|
Words ending in NOISY SOUNDS
/ɪz/
|
|
Add a SOUND .../z/
|
Add a SOUND .../s/
|
Add a SYLLABLE .../ɪz/
|
1
|
/b/
|
/p/
|
/dʒ/
|
2
|
/d/
|
/t/
|
/tʃ/
|
3
|
/ð/
|
/θ/
|
/ʃ/
|
4
|
/g/
|
/k/
|
/s/
|
5
|
/v/
|
/f/
|
/z/
|
6
|
/m/
|
|
|
7
|
/n/
|
|
|
8
|
/ŋ/
|
|
|
9
|
/l/
|
|
|
10
|
/r/
|
|
|
11
|
VOWEL SOUNDS
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
Add a SOUND
|
Add a SYLLABLE
|
beach
|
|
beaches
|
change
|
|
changes
|
close
|
|
closes
|
dance
|
|
dances
|
finish
|
|
finishes
|
judge
|
|
judges
|
kiss
|
|
kisses
|
leave
|
leaves
|
|
miss
|
|
misses
|
orange
|
|
oranges
|
pay
|
pays
|
|
plan
|
plans
|
|
send
|
sends
|
|
teach
|
|
teaches
|
SYLLABLES & –ED ENDINGS
|
Words ending in VOICED SOUNDS
/d/
|
Words ending in VOICELESS SOUNDS
/t/
|
Words ending in
/t/ or /d/
/ɪd/
|
|
Add a SOUND .../d/
|
Add a SOUND .../t/
|
Add a SYLLABLE .../ɪd/
|
1
|
/b/
|
/p/
|
/d/
|
2
|
/dʒ/
|
/tʃ/
|
/t/
|
3
|
/g/
|
/k/
|
|
4
|
/ʒ/
|
/ʃ/
|
|
5
|
/v/
|
/f/
|
|
6
|
/z/
|
/s/
|
|
7
|
/ð/
|
|
|
8
|
/m/
|
|
|
9
|
/n/
|
|
|
10
|
/ŋ/
|
|
|
11
|
/l/
|
|
|
12
|
/r/
|
|
|
13
|
VOWEL SOUNDS
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
Add a SOUND
|
Add a SYLLABLE
|
close
|
closed
|
|
decide
|
|
decided
|
excite
|
|
excited
|
finish
|
finished
|
|
kiss
|
kissed
|
|
looked
|
looked
|
|
paint
|
|
painted
|
phone
|
phoned
|
|
start
|
|
started
|
visit
|
|
visited
|
wait
|
|
waited
|
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