Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Gemini Landsats Neg
Politics – New Agency Unpop
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- Politics – Obama Gets the Blame for Landsat
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Politics – New Agency UnpopCreating a new agency for remote sensing costs a lot of political capital Szajinfarber et al 9 (Zoe Szajnfarber,i Thomas G. Beatty,ii Matthew W. Petersen,iii Anna Vasilyeva,iv D. Brent Whitev and Annalisa L. Weigelvi Massachusetts Institute of Technology, i Doctoral Research Assistant, Engineering Systems Division, 17-110; Cambridge MA, 02139, AIAA Student Member ii Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Physics, iii Undergraduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, iv Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, v Doctoral Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, vi Assistant Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems, 11/3, http://seari.mit.edu/documents/preprints/SZAJNFARBER_SP_AIAA09.pdf, accessed 7-5-11, JMB) Precedence for creating a new agency to address a new problem can be found in the case of the creation of NASA in the 1950s. Most scholars agree that the NASA Act was successful; it created an agency dedicated exclusively to space and likely enabled the success of project Apollo. 20 However, as a basis for assessing the new agency option in the context of remote sensing, there exist important differences to between NASA and the hypothetical “remote sensing agency” that are worth highlighting. Firstly, whereas space was a new enterprise in the 50s, remote sensing is already a mature domain today. The question at hand is not where to develop a new set of competencies, rather how to organize existing competencies. Second, at the time of NASA’s inception, space was an issue of primary policy. While satellite remote sensing can inform many of the central policy issues today, labeling remote sensing as a hot policy topic today would be significantly overstating matters. Setting aside for a moment the practical reality that enacting a new agency requires an act of congress, to make the new agency viable, existing expertise, which are currently scattered across the multiplicity of agencies involved, would either have to be centralized or duplicated. As a result, however the restructuring were to happen, several agencies would either be losing one of their core competencies, or find themselves contracting to another federal agency. Neither scenario will be readily accepted. Thus, while structurally speaking, this is the most efficient option, since it also requires the most political capital, it would be hardest to implement. The requisite political inertia likely does not exist at this time, but it may in the future. Politics – Obama Gets the Blame for LandsatObama will get the blame – supports NLIP McNutt 3/17 (Marcia, USGS director, congressional hearing on 2012 USGS budget, http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/political-transcript-wire/mi_8167/is_20110320/rep-mike-simpson-holds-hearing/ai_n57124204/?tag=mantle_skin;content, accessed 7-9-11, JMB) The President's 2012 budget does include provision to begin the National Land Imaging Program as you've mentioned. It's a home for Landsat's series of satellites. Landsat over its nearly 40 year history of continuous monitoring of Earth from space has become the gold standard for revealing land use from space on a planetary scale at 30 meter resolution. Link – Space DebrisLandSats over-crowded now—new developments would cause space debris USGS 11 (US Geological Survey, 3/10, http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/about_LU_Vol_5_Issue_1.pdf, Vol. 5, Issue 1, accessed 7-3-11, CH) Both Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 orbit the earth at 705 km above the surface (about 435 m) and travel at around 17,000 miles per hour. At these speeds, crashing into something else, like another orbiting satellite or space debris, could do major damage. When a communication satellite owned by Iridium (a U.S. company) collided with a non-functioning Russian satellite (COSMOS 2251) in February 2009, it created over 2,500 pieces of debris, and that doesn’t count the small pieces! In July of 2010, two pieces of debris from the Iridium/Cosmos 2251 collision came close enough to the Landsat spacecrafts to cause some concern (called conjunctions). While maneuvers can be done to avoid collisions, it uses fuel which is vital for normal operations. In these instances, the closest debris was 1.7 km, considered far enough away to avoid a maneuver. In August however, Landsat 5 was heading within 56 m (183 ft) of COSMOS 2251 debris, so an avoidance maneuver was conducted on August 24 th In all, there were 12 conjunctions in August that required monitoring to ensure spacecraft safety. AT: Only NASA Has CapabilitiesNASA no longer key to space -- Japan and other international actors all have the capability Sterner 7/8 (Eric, fellow at the George C. Marshall Institute, Kennebec Journal, http://www.kjonline.com/opinion/columnists/5-myths50-years-from-moon-goal-to-last-shuttle-flight_2011-07-07.html, accessed 7-9-11, CH) Those days are over. Nine countries, including India, Israel and Iran, have placed payloads in orbit. More than 50 nations design, deploy, own or operate satellites without U.S. involvement. China and Brazil, for example, have been co-developing Earth observation satellites for years. Japan and China have mapped the moon in considerable detail. India launched its own robotic moon mission in 2008, with a planned follow-up mission in cooperation with Russia. The United States may still have the largest, most ambitious civil program in the world, but it no longer solely charts the world's future in space. Japan CP – SolvencyJAXA ALOS satellite monitors the environment JAXA 11 (5/12, http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/alos/index_e.html, accessed 7-8-11, CH) The Advanced Land Observing Satellite "DAICHI" (ALOS) has been developed to contribute to the fields of mapping, precise regional land coverage observation, disaster monitoring, and resource surveying. It enhances land observation technologies acquired through the development and operation of its predecessors, the Japanese Earth Resource Satellite-1 (JERS-1, or Fuyo) and the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS, or Midori). ALOS has three sensors: the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), which is comprised of three sets of optical systems to measure precise land elevation; the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2), which observes what covers land surfaces; and the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), which enables day-and-night and all-weather land observation. "DAICHI" will be used not only for cartography, but also for regional and disaster monitoring. DAICHI's remote-sensing equipment enables precise land coverage observation and can collect enough data by itself for mapping on a scale of 25,000 to 1. without relying on points of reference on the ground. It is expected to play an important role in cartography by providing maps of Japan and other countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region, which is one of ALOS's main objectives. Other objectives include regional observation for harmonization between the environment and development on Earth, domestic and overseas disaster monitoring and resource surveys. Its contributions to the mitigation of environmental destruction and natural disasters will make it an essential satellite for our future. It was launched by the H-IIA launch vehicle No.8 from the Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) in January 24, 2006. Along with the start of the regular operations, JAXA also started providing observation data (called "ALOS data") to the public on October 24, 2006. Technologically feasible—Japan monitoring Earth since 2005 Clark 5 (Stephen, staff, Space.com, http://www.space.com/1978-japanese-earth-observing-satellite-begins-mission.html, accessed 7-8-11, CH) A first-class, four-ton Earth remote sensing satellite was orbited by Japan Monday, setting off on a mission to help cartographers create more precise maps on a global scale, scientists in their search for natural resources and officials in response to disasters. The Advanced Land Observation Satellite was launched into space by an H-2A rocket that came to life with a thunderous roar before climbing into cloud-filled skies above the Yoshinobu complex on Tanegashima Island in the southern part of Japan. Liftoff of the 174-foot tall booster was on time at 0133 GMT (8:33 p.m. EST Monday), or in the mid-morning hours at the launch site. Fitted with two large solid rocket boosters and a pair of smaller strap-on motors, the H-2A launcher quickly sped away from Tanegashima on a southerly ground track. After a flight of 16 minutes and 30 seconds, the H-2A second stage deployed ALOS into the planned Sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of around 430 miles above Indonesia's eastern islands. Japanese EOS equivalent to any US technology Space Activities Commission 5 (Special Subcommittee for Earth Observation, July, http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/uchuu/reports/05120701/002.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH) Japan has developed and operated six geostationary satellites from the development of Himawari, based on the technologies introduced by the United States, up to the Multifunctional Transport Satellite 1 Replacement (MTSAT-1R), Himawari No. 6 in 2005. Japan also developed and operated five orbiting satellites up to the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II), “Midori II” in 2002 and an additional three types of Earth observation sensors for orbiting satellites. These sensors are the Precipitation Radar (PR) on the Topical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on Terra, and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) on Aqua. Procurement and operation of a geostationary satellite by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport was achieved as “Himawari No. 6” through collaborative development and operation between the Japan Meteorological Agency, under the former Ministry of Transport as the user organization, and the former National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) as a R&D organization. In contrast, no domestically-produced orbiting satellites have been operated since the accident of “Midori II” and only three sensors (PR, ASTER, and AMSR-E), which are flying on orbiting satellites operated by foreign organizations, are in operation. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.58 Mb. Share with your friends:
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