Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Gemini Landsats Neg
Japan CP – Solvency – Spurs New Development
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Japan CP – Solvency – Spurs New DevelopmentJapan leads space development—solves social and environmental problems that cause extinction Space Activities Commission 5 (Special Subcommittee for Earth Observation, July, http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/uchuu/reports/05120701/002.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH) “Ohsumi,” the first satellite in Japan, was launched in February 1970 together with the dreams of the nation. Space development in Japan has subsequently proceeded steadily, contributing to the evolution of science and enhancing the convenience of national life. This aspect will never change. The importance of ensuring the safety and security of society through wide-area environment monitoring and real-time understanding of the damage from disasters has increased rapidly in recent years. At the same time, obtaining information regarding land vegetation and ocean condition will enable more efficient and effective implementation of production activities, including agriculture and fisheries. Thus, the wide-range and continuous observing system is indispensable for social and economic development and for environmental preservation of Japan. Its implementation as part of the social infrastructure is crucial. Taking a global view of present conditions reveals that mankind is facing serious problems that may threaten its existence, such as global warming and widespread environmental destruction. Abnormal weather conditions and water shortages in various countries may cause a security problem in Japan which relies on overseas resources for much of its food supply. The Earth observation system will play an important role in predicting these problems on a global scale and will prevent or reduce the influences of such problems. It is therefore important for Japan to make positive efforts to develop this system, not only to fulfill our duties in international society but to firmly establish a base for Japan’s future existence. The push for Japanese satellites will lead to innovation Space Activities Commission 5 (Special Subcommittee for Earth Observation, July, http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/uchuu/reports/05120701/002.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH) Japan is actively facilitating the promotion of global Earth observation and is expected to make positive contributions to the establishment of GEOSS. Efforts to achieve an Earth observation system with integrated satellite observations and in-situ observations can only be enhanced through an initiative of the government. Therefore, a basic policy must be implemented to continuously promote the development of Earth observation satellites under the initiative of the government. However, it is necessary to establish and promote a satellite development plan by considering the Earth observation system to be part of the social infrastructure of Japan and to propose long-term continuity and independent operation of data acquisition and provision. Japan should also further develop its unique technology by making the best use of its technological advantage and display international leadership in cooperation with the satellite development plans of other countries. It is crucial that Earth observation satellites that play an important role as part of the social infrastructure be reliable, and thus it is necessary to implement their development based on the policy found in “Measures to Be Taken in the Future for Improving the Reliability of Satellites” (March 2005, Promotion Subcommittee, Space Activities Commission). A well designed development strategy for sensors should place the highest priority on meeting the technical requirements for long-term observations. The development strategy should also consider that advanced technologies will lead to further sophistication and diversification of data utilization, which may ultimately produce a technical development breakthrough. Japan CP – Solvency – Water AdvJapan solves global resource and water management Council for Science and Technology Policy 5 (Government of Japan, 12/4, http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/project/envpt/english/pub/eops_finnal1.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH) (1) Prioritization perspectives Japan must clarify the pressing needs to be addressed as a nation in line with the points presented below, and strategically implement a prioritized program that can precisely respond to these needs. Since Earth observation, as a part of basic research, leads to the accumulation of intellectual assets common to all of mankind, we need to carefully consider both the long-term and short-term perspectives. 1) Ensuring the public’s ease of mind and security Reducing the risks incurred by natural and human-induced activities, and securing the health and welfare of the citizens are the government’s responsibilities, and a government-led approach to these is essential. Comprehensive observation and monitoring of the global environment in order to conserve it, and steady observation and monitoring that will lead to the reduction of natural disasters and better crisis management, are an important part of the government’s efforts to ensure the public’s ease of mind and security, and are vital to government policy decisions in this area. 2) Development of economic society and improving quality of life The stable supply of energy and mineral resources and the appropriate management of water, agricultural, forestry and fishery resources provide support for all sorts of economic activity. Reducing uncertainties surrounding their sustainable supply, and ensuring stability is important, and will require the preparation of comprehensive information as a result of Earth observation Japan CP – Solvency – Water AdvJapan working to address climate, pollution, and water allocation now Council for Science and Technology Policy 5 (Government of Japan, 12/4, http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/project/envpt/english/pub/eops_finnal1.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH) (2) Strategic prioritization to address needs Looking at the three perspectives outlined above, the areas of global environmental conservation, water resource management and the reduction of damage caused by natural disasters can be identified as example areas which need to be addressed urgently through governmental promotion of Earth observation. The following is a detailed outline of the five areas that need to have a prioritized approach over the next ten years or so. Chapter IV of this volume, which explains the promotion strategy field-by-field, also shows what issues and matters should be systematically dealt with in each observation area in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Earth and its systems. 1) Elucidation of phenomena related to global warming, predictions of its effects, and mitigation and adaptation methods It is predicted that the effects of the global warming caused by human activity will become more conspicuous as it advances. The advance of global warming is evident not just in direct effects such as rising temperatures in atmosphere and surface ocean, rising sea levels, or changes in the cryosphere, but is also thought to wreak massive indirect effects on precipitation volumes and distribution, agricultural productivity, ecosystems, and human health. Perceived as the major environmental problem of the 21st Century, global warming is a matter of grave concern; measures to redress it will need to be implemented with accuracy and timeliness. The Kyoto Protocol, which sought to contain greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in 1997 at the 3rd Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC-COP3) in Kyoto, and was scheduled to come into force in February 2005. Policy decisions about the timing and extent of global warming countermeasures require reliable forecasting about future climate change, based on a deepened appreciation of the current meteorological situation. Improving the reliability of the global system model for attaining the projection of future climate change requires comprehensive observation data on many matters relating to greenhouse gases and climate change. Likewise, it is important to detect the direct and indirect effects of global warming at an early stage through observations to estimate the future effect and appropriately implement measures. From this perspective, the worldwide and comprehensive understanding of global warming phenomena clearly needs to be conducted through international cooperation. Japan in particular needs to focus its efforts on the Asian and Oceania regions by conducting atmospheric, terrestrial and oceanic observation of greenhouse gases, terrestrial and oceanic observation of carbon cycles and ecosystems, and by observing the effects of global warming on coastal, cryospheric and other regions vulnerable to climate change. 2) Understanding water cycles, and water management Water-related problems such as water shortages, pollution, and the damage caused by floods are occurring on a worldwide basis, particularly affecting developing countries. It is expected that food shortages, the spread of infectious diseases and the deterioration of ecosystems due to water-related problems will become increasingly apparent and international conflicts over water increasingly severe. The mutual interaction of the atmosphere, land and oceans intricately affects fluctuations in water cycles, and these effects can occur on many different spatiotemporal scales. The coordinated implementation of comprehensive water cycle observation and the provision of valid data for appropriate water management help to ensure the safety of the public’s everyday lives, and political and economic stability. We therefore need to develop a system that will promote the collecting, sharing and provision of comprehensive water cycle data and associated data. In particular, if we are to solve the water problems afflicting Asia, which is home to 60 % of the world’s population, we must develop comprehensive observation system for the Asian monsoon regions, deepen our understanding of the fluctuations in the monsoons, help to improve the predictive accuracy of water cycle changes for the appropriate management of water resources, and reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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