Civil and political rights (p. 176)

Civil and political rights (p. 176):

Related issues —

academic freedom; access to the media; censorship; contempt of court; control of media; defamation and libel; freedom of press (media); incitement to racial hatred; journalistic privileges; obscenity; symbolic speech; trans-border data flow

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy (Report no. 22). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. ISBN 0 644 01248 X.

222 Bibliography

BAKER, C. E. 'Scope of the First Amendment Freedom of Speech'. (1978) 25 University of California —Los Angeles Law Review, 964-1040.

BARNUM, DAVID G. 'Freedom of Assembly and the Hostile Audience in Anglo-American Law'. (1981) 29 American Journal of Comparative Law, 59-96.

BERNS, WALTER F. The First Amendment and the uturee of American Democracy. New York, Basic Books, 1976. Pp. 266.

This examination of the foundations of the constitutional protections of religion and speech and of Supreme Court interpretations of these guarantees criticises judicial distortion of these principles to defeat their compatibility with freedom, public morality and republican government.

BLOUSTEIN, EDWARD _J. 'The Origin, Validity and Interrelationships of the Political Values Served by Freedom of Expression'. (1981) 33 Rutgers Law Review, 372-96.

BOGEN, D. S. 'Balancing Freedom of Speech'. (1979) 38 Maryland Law Review, 387-479.

BOYLE, ALAN. 'Freedom of Expression as a Public Interest in English Law'. (1982) Public Law, 574-612.

BUSHNELL, S. I. 'Freedom of Expression — the First Step'. (1977) 15 Alberta Law Review, 93-121.

CAMPBELL, ENID & WHITMORE, HARRY. Freedom in Australia. 2nd edn. Sydney, Sydney University Press, 1973. ISBN 0 424 05220 2.

Chapter 13 deals with the law of obscenity in Australia. Chapters 14 and 15 summarise the legal position on censorship in Radio, Television, Theatre and Cinema. Chapter 16 summarises the law of contempt of court and Parliament. Chapter 17 covers sedition and censorship through the `D' notice system on grounds of national security.

CANN, STEVEN. 'Drawing a Line on Freedom of the Press: the Burger Court Picks Up the Chalk'. (1983) 66Judicature, 296-303.

CAPALDI, NICHOLAS (ed.). Clear and Present Danger: The Free Speech Controversy. New York, Pegasus, 1969.

This anthology includes arguments for and against limitations on free speech by such commentators as John Stuart Mill, Justice Holmes, and William Buckley.

CASTBERG, FREDE. The European Convention on Human Rights. Leiden, Sijthoff; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Oceana, 1974, pp. 149-52. ISBN 90 286 0503 7 (Sijthoff).

ISBN 0 379 00202 7 (Oceana).

CASTBERG, FREDE. Freedom of Speech in the West. Oslo, Oslo University Press; London, George Allen & Unwin, 1960. Pp. xiii + 475.

A comparative legal-historical study of freedom of expression in France, Germany and the U. S. A. The author is concerned mainly with legislative development and constitutional law, and with the practice of the courts and administration in the area.

CHAFEE, ZECHARIAH. Free Speech in the United States. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1954. Pp. xviii + 634.

A classic work on U. S. civil liberties and constitutional law on free speech pre-1942. DORSEN, NORMAN. Frontiers of Civil Liberties. New York, Pantheon Books, 1968. Pp. xvi + 420. LC 67 13321.

This is an examination of the role of the Supreme Court in protecting civil liberties in general and its policies in specific First Amendment areas (such as military censorship, blacklisting,

Civil and political rights 223
and academic freedom), in procedural due process (counsel, juvenile courts, trial by TV, and capital punishment) and in discrimination (voting, de facto segregation, segregation in private schools, and illegitimate children). With an introduction by Louis H. Pollak, and Preface by Robert F. Kennedy.

DUCHACEK, I. D. Rights and Liberties in the World Today: Constitutional Promise and Reality. Santa Barbara, California, ABC Clio, 1973, ch. 5. ISBN 0 87436 112 5.

DUGARD, C. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1978, ch. 6. ISBN 0 691 09236 2.

ELIASOPH, ELLEN R. 'Free Speech in China'. (1981) 7 Yale Journal of World Public Order, 287-323.

EMERSON, THOMAS I. 'First Amendment Doctrine and the Burger Court'. (1980) 68 California Law Review, 422-81.

EMERSON, THOMAS I. The System of Freedom of Expression. New York, Random House, 1970. Pp. xi + 754. LC 75 102331.

A central text in American Constitutional Law covering all aspects of freedom of expression — security, demonstrations, libel, obscenity, privacy, academic freedom. The author attempts to outline a moderate, liberal approach to the right of free speech.

EMERSON, THOMAS I. Toward A General Theory of the First Amendment: The Unique Examination of the Nature of Freedom of Expression and its Role in a Democratic Society. New York, Random House, 1966.

This is a classic analysis of judicial interpretation of the First Amendment guarantee of free expression and of the preeminent role of such a guarantee in a free society.

FERGUSON, JAMES R. 'Scientific and Technological Expression: A Problem in First Amendment Theory'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 519-60.

FERGUSON, J. R. 'Scientific Inquiry and the First Amendment'. (1979) 64 Cornell Law Review, 639-65.

FRANCK, T. M. & EISEN, J. J. 'Balancing National Security and Free Speech'. (1982) 14 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 339-70.

GARD, STEPHEN W. 'Fighting Words as Free Speech'. (1980) 58 Washington University Law Quarterly, 531-81.

GASPARD, A. 'International Action to Preserve Press Freedom', in E. Luard (ed.), The

pp. 183-209.

GREENAWALT, KENT. 'Speech and Crime'. (1980) American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 645-785.

GRZYBOWSKI, KAZIMIERZ. Freedom of Expression and Dissent in the Soviet Union. American Bar Association, 1972. Pp. vi + 40.

The Soviet approach to freedom of expression and dissent is traced out from questions of ideology to governmental policy in action.

HAIMAN, FRANKLYN S. Freedom of Speech. Skokie, Illinois, National Textbook Co., 1976. Pp. xiv + 221.

Materials and commentary on the development of, and issues surrounding freedom of speech in the U. S.

224 Bibliography

This is the best and most comprehensive recent study of freedom of speech in the U. S. The author looks at points where free speech conflicts with other rights and liberties and values — privacy, fair trial, national security, personal security etc. The principles which he argues should guide in such conflicts represent a re-vamping of the classical liberal conception of a 'free marketplace of ideas'. Good footnotes referring to U. S. court decisions, statutes etc.

HUNT, D. 'Why No First Amendment? The Role of the Press in Relationship to Justice'. (1980) 54 Australian Law Journal, 458-65.

KALVEN, HARRY JR. 'The New York Times Case: a Note on the Central Meaning of the First Amendment'. (1964) Supreme Court Review, 191-221.

KALVEN, HARRY JR. 'The Reasonable Man and The First Amendment: Hill, Butts and Walker'. (1967) Supreme Court Review, 267-309.

KIRBY, MICHAEL. 'Reform and the Fourth Estate', in M. Kirby, Reform the Law.

KOMMERS, DONALD P. 'The Jurisprudence of Free Speech in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany'. (1980) 53 Southern California Law Review, 657-95.

LEADER, SHELDON L. 'Free Speech and the Advocacy of Illegal Action in Law and Political Theory'. (1982) 82 Columbia Law Review, 412-43.

LENT, J. A. 'Freedom of Press in East Asia'. (1981) 3 (4) Human Rights Quarterly, 137-49.

LEMS, A. 'Freedom of the Press', in C. F. Forsyth & J. E. Schiller (eds), Human Rights: The Cape Town Conference. Cape Town, Juta & Co., 1979, pp. 251-60.

ISBN 0 7021 1018 3.

LEWIS, ANTHONY. 'Toward a First Amendment Theory of Accountability', (1980) 34 University of Miami Law Review, 793-807.

LOWENSTEIN, RALPH L. 'Press Freedom as a Political Indicator', in Heinz-Dietrich Fischer & John C. Merrill (eds), International Communication. New York, Hastings House, 1970, p. 136.

MCCARRY, G. J. 'The Contract of Employment and Freedom of Speech'. (1981) Sydney Law Review, 333-55.

MCCLOSKEY, H. J. & MONRO D. H. 'Liberty of Expression: its Grounds and Limits'. (1970) Inquiry, 219-38.

MUMMERY, D. R. 'Privilege of Freedom of Speech in Parliament'. (1978) 94 Law Quarterly Review, 276-90.

MURPHY, PAUL L. The Meaning of Freedom of Speech: First Amendment Freedoms from Wilson to F DR (Contributions in American History). Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 1972.

In this analysis of the meaning of freedom of speech in the years from the World War I Armistice to the inauguration of Roosevelt, Murphy suggests that the idea of liberty was cast largely in terms of freedom of expression and was one of the major instruments for redefining social relationships. Winner of the American Bar Association's 1972 Gavel Award, this work examines the attempts of those who were shocked by governmental restrictions during World War Ito broaden the scope of constitutional protection of free expression, their opponents, and their failures, frustrations and successes.

Civil and political rights 225

O'BRIEN, B. 'Inchoate Rights to Interstate Communications Under Section 92'. (1981) 13 Melbourne University Law Review, 198-225.

REDISH, MARTIN H. 'Advocacy of Unlawful Conduct and the First Amendment: In Defense of Clear and Present Danger'. (1982) 70 California Law Review, 1159-200.

SCHAUER, FREDERICK. Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982. Pp. xiv + 237. ISBN 0 521 28617 4.

A critique of the different rationales that have been presented for freedom of speech. The author also discusses the practical applications of free speech in the light of his philosophical arguments — Defamation, Obscenity, National Security and Incitement and Freedom of Assembly. Bibliography, pp. 222-30.

SHAPIRO, MARTIN. Freedom of Speech: The Supreme Court and Judicial Review. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pp. viii + 182. LC 66 14702.

The author argues that one of the U. S. Supreme Court's unique functions is to defend those interests which can find no defenders elsewhere. He urges judicial activism in interpretations of the First Amendment. Contains analyses of the 'clear and present danger', 'balancing of interests' and 'preferred position' rules of interpretation.

STRONG, F. R. 'Fifty Years of Clear and Present Danger, from Schenck to Brandenburg — and Beyond'. (1969) Supreme Court Review, 41-80.

SYMPOSIUM. 'The First Amendment'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 311-576.

SYMPOSIUM. 'First Amendment Rights to Free Speech and a Free Press: Change and Continuity'. (1978) 12 Akron Law Review, 229-316.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Freedom of the Press'. (1980) 34 University of Miami Law Review, 785-936.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Principles of Expression and Restriction'. (1979) 40 University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 517-778.

VAN ALSTYNE, W. 'The First Amendment and the Free Press: A Comment on Some
New Trends and Some Old Theories'. (1980) 9 Hofstra Law Review, 1-37.

VAN ALSTYNE, W. 'A Graphic Review of the Free Speech Clause'. (1982) 70 California Law Review, 107-50.

WELLINGTON, H. H. 'On Freedom of Expression'. (1979) 88 Yale Law Journal, 1105-42.

Access to the media

'Access to the Press: A Teleological Analysis of A Constitutional Double Standard'. (1982) 50 George Washington Law Review, 430-64.

BARRON, JEROME A. 'Access to the Press — A New First Amendment Right'. (1967) 80 Harvard Law Review, 1641-78.

BARRON, JEROME A. 'An Emerging First Amendment Right of Access to the Media'. (1969) 37 George Washington Law Review, 487-509.

BARRON, JEROME A. Freedom of the Press For Whom?: The Right of Access to Mass Media. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1973. Pp. xv + 368. ISBN 0 253 12840 4.

226 Bibliography
The author argues that . . in the era of mass communication, the words of the solitary speaker or the lonely writer. . . have little impact unless they are broadcast through the great engines of public opinion — radio, television and the press'. He goes on to advocate an interpretation of freedom of the press that includes the facilitation of access to the media, and examines the extent of access rights in the U. S. A.

BARRON, JEROME A. Public Rights and Private Press. Toronto, Butterworths, 1981. Pp. xii + 204. ISBN 0 409 81295 1.

The author argues that 'the freedom of the press guaranteed by the First Amendment. . . cannot be thought to insulate all press conduct from review and responsibility for harm inflicted'. He considers recent developments in the U. S. A., particularly key Supreme Court decisions, and discusses the importance of curbing monopolistic tendencies and preserving a right of access to the press.

GREY, L. 'Media Monopolisation and the Public Interest'. (1980) Australian Current Law Digest, 1.

HARRISON, K. 'Public Participation and the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal'. (1981) 58(3) Current Affairs Bulletin, 12.

HULL, W. H. 'The Public Control of Broadcasting: the Canadian and Australian Experiences'. (1962) 28 Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 114.

LANGE, DAVID L. 'The Role of the Access Doctrine in the Regulation of the Mass Media:
A Critical Review and Assessment'. (1973) 52 North Carolina Law Review, 1-91.

Contains a bibliography of some 40 papers dealing with access.

POWER, S. 'Public Participation: The Tribunal's Narrow View'. (1979) 4 Legal Service Bulletin, 90-5.

SHATTUCK, JOHN H. F. 8z BYERS, FRITZ. 'An Egalitarian Interpretation of the First Amendment'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 377-403.

SMITH, ANTHONY. The Politics of Information: Problems of Policy in Modern Media. London, Macmillan, 1978. Pp. xii + 252. ISBN 0 333 23611 4.

'We are gradually evolving in the late twentieth century an altered view of the place of communication and of cultural activity in general within society. Whereas traditionally these were seen as a congeries of essentially private acts . . . we are coming now to realize that the whole panoply of communication media are inexorably public institutions dependent upon decisions taken by or on behalf of society as a whole.' In a series of fifteen essays the author attempts to trace out this thesis in various areas of U. K. law, politics and society.

SYMPOSIUM. 'TV — Quo Vadis'. (1971) 1 Issues.

Includes articles by A. Cowan, C. Semmler, A. Castles and M. Wright.

WATTERSON, R. 'The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal and Media Monopolies'. (1979) 14 Media Information Australia, 1.

WATTERSON, R. 'The Channel 10 Case: Media Monopolies and Public Interest'. (1980) 5 Legal Service Bulletin, 156-61.

WATTERSON, R. 'The Tribunal Looks at Monopolies'. (1979) 4 Legal Service Bulletin, 187-92.

WESTERN, J. S. & BROWN, A. 'Government, Media and Politics: Australia', in M. W. Mansfield & P. Nimmo (eds), Government and the News Media: Comparative Dimensions. Waco, U. S., Baylor University Press, (forthcoming).

Civil and political rights 227
Censorship

Related issues —

children's rights; national security; violence on television

ALBERT, J. A. 'Constitutional Regulation of Televised Violence'. (1978) 64 Virginia Law Review, 1299-345.

ASTOR, D. 'How the British Press Censors Itself. (1977) 6 Index on Censorship, 3-9.

BAKER, ROBERT K. & BALL, SANDRA J. Mass Media and Violence: A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. vol. XI. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. Pp. xxii + 614. LC 72 604084.

A comprehensive study of the relationship between media depiction of violence and forms of violence and crime in the community. Part I presents an overview of the development, structure and functions of U. S. media. Part II looks at U. S. news media, problems of 'sensationalism' promoting conflict and the idea of 'social responsibility'. Part III is the key section of the report focusing on the impact of television protrayal of violence, taking into account sociological and psychological theories and studies. Each part has appendixes written by experts, developing problems treated in the Report in greater depth.

BARNES, S. & BLAKENEY, M. 'The Regulation of Children's Television Advertising — the Australian Experience'. (1980) 1 Journal of Media Law and Practice, 265-87.

BEMAN, LAMAR T. (ed.). Censorship of Speech and the Press: Selected Articles. Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 1930. Pp. 507. ISBN 8371 3073 5.

Excerpts from books, periodicals and magazines pre-1930 together with bibliographies, arranged to present the cases for and against censorship of the press, of books and of speech generally. All U. S. material.

BRODY, STEPHEN. Screen Violence and Film Censorship —A Review of Research. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1977. Pp. vi + 179. ISBN 0 11 340680 0.

A review, summary and assessment of psychological studies of the effect of depiction of violence on behaviour. The author groups the alleged effects of screen violence into (1) imitative effects: the idea that viewers will replicate what they see; (2) 'the arousal and stimulation of aggressive tendencies and drives'; (3) 'emotional reactions and effects on sensitivities'; (4) `. . . the possible development. . . of social values and individual attitudes favourable to a culture in which violence is acceptable and inevitable'. The book treats studies on each of these areas and concludes with 'Suggestions for Research'. Bibliography

pp. 147-69.

Censorship: For and Against. New York, Hart Publishing Co., 1971. Pp. 255. ISBN 8055 0120 7.

Twelve prominent Americans from various professions give their views on censorship. Includes Eugene McCarthy, Max Lerner, Rebecca West.

'Challenging Ideological Exclusion of Curriculum Material: Rights of Students and Parents'. (1979) 14 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 485-528.

COLEMAN, PETER. Obscenity, Blasphemy, Sedition: Censorship in Australia. Brisbane, Jacaranda Press, n.d. Pp. 196.

A social history of censorship in Australia from the 1880s to 1960s. The author traces the 'rise and fall' of censorship in all its forms — literary, political, sexual, religious.

DUGARD, C. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton, Princeton

228 Bibliography

Papers contained in the volume include: A. Blackshield, 'Censorship and the Law'; Gordon Hawkins, 'Two Case Histories'; John Tanker, 'Censorship in the Theatre'; Eric Williams, 'Cultural Despotism -- Film Censorship'; S. Murray-Smith, 'Censorship and Literary Studies'; Geoffrey Dutton, 'Moral Protectionism'; Max Harris, 'A Terror of Words'; Richard Walsh, 'A Note from a Victim'. Appendixes include excerpts from censored books and a Report of the Working Party on the Obscene Publications Act.

EGER, J. M. 'Emerging Restrictions on Transnational Data Flows: Privacy Protection or Non-Tarriff Trade Barriers?'. (1978) 10 Law and Policy in International Business, 1055-103.

ESTREICHER, Aleta D. 'Schoolbooks, School Boards and the Constitution'. (1980) 80 Columbia Law Review, 1092-124.

FRANCK, T. M. & EISEN, J. J. 'Balancing National Security and Free Speech'. (1982) 14 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 339-70.

FREEMAN, J. oward the Free Flow of Information — Direct Television Broadcasting via Satellite'. (1979) 13journal of International Law and Economics, 329-66.

KRATTENMAKER, T. G. & POWE, L. A. 'Televised Violence: First Amendment Principles and Social Science Theory'. (1978) 64 Virginia Law Review, 1123-297.

KUPER, L. 'Censorship by Proxy'. (1975) 4 (3) Index on Censorship, 48-50.

MCCARTHY, M. A. & /ViooplE, R. A. 'Parliament and Pornography: the 1978 Child Protection Act'. (1981) 34 Parliamentary Affairs, 47-62.

MORTIMER, _J. C. law, Free Speech and the Rights of Literature'. (1981) 16 Australian Law News, 25-34.

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES (GREAT BRITAIN). Against Censorship. London, National Council of Civil Liberties, 1972. Pp. 47.

Materials and papers arguing against censorship for obscenity. Contributions include: 'The Development of the Law of Obscenity' and 'Obscenity in the Courts' (Graham Zellick), 'Censorship and the Limits of Permission' (Jonathan Miller), 'The National Council of Civil Liberties Case for Reform' (Alan Burns).

O'HIGGINS, PAUL. Censorship in Britain. London, Thomas Nelson, 1972. Pp. 232. ISBN 0 17 138022 O.

A scholarly and highly readable assessment of censorship practices in U. K. The author looks not only at legal censorship but also extra-legal pressures e.g. pressure brought to bear by an employer. The object of the book is 'to persuade the reader to accept the basic principle that no form of censorship is acceptable unless it can be rationally demonstrated that some social or individual good. . . can be safeguarded'. Appendixes (pp. 164-223) include various codes governing British media, the text of the Freedom of Publication (Protection) Bill 1969 and of relevant articles of the European Convention on Human Rights. Bibliography pp. 213-23.

ROBERTSON, G. 'Future of Film Censorship'. (1980) 7 British Journal of Law and Society, 78-94.

RUBENSTEIN, A. 'State Security and Human Rights: the Israeli Experience', in C. F. Forsyth & J. E. Schiller (eds), Human Rights: The Cape Town Conference. Cape Town, Juta & Co., 1979, pp. 138-52. ISBN 0 7021 1018 3.

SCHAUER, MURRAY. The Face On the Cutting Room Floor: The Story of Movie and Television Censorship. New York, William Morrow, 1964. Pp. 305. LC 64 17880.

Civil and political rights 229

STEINBERGER, HELMUT. 'Freedom of the Press and Prior Restraints: The Myth VS the Reality'. (1982) 15 Law/Technology, 3-38.

Deals with the Federal Republic of Germany.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Report of the Williams Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship'. (1980) ljournal of Media Law and Practice, 103-36.

TEN, C. L. 'Blasphemy and Obscenity'. (1978) 5 British Journal of Law and Society, 89-96.

THOMAS, D. A Long Time Burning: The History of Literary Censorship in England. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969. Pp. xii + 546.

TURNER, ANN (ed.). Censorship. South Yarra, Victoria, Heinemann Educational Australia, 1975. Pp. 82. ISBN 0 85859 137 5.

The book represents an exchange of views between Wendy Bacon and Peter Coleman. Bacon argues that censorship has no place in a democratic society while Coleman suggests it is 'a technique for publicly labelling and stigmatising propaganda for sadism, violence and inhumanity'.

Contempt of court

ABUGOV, L. H. 'Televising Court Trials in Canada: We Stand On Guard For a Legal Apocalypse'. (1979) 5 Dalhousie Law Journal, 694-727.

ARLIDGE, ANTHONY & EADY, DAVID. The Law of Contempt. London, Sweet 8z Maxwell, 1982. Pp. xxxvi + 479. ISBN 0 421 25920 5.

AUSTRALIAN PRESS COUNCIL. To Name or Not to Name. Sydney, Australian Press Council, 1980. Pp. 36.

A set of papers that examines the question whether or not the media should be allowed to publisb details of people involved in litigation and to what extent. The cases of petty crimes and marriage law are discussed.

BORRIE, GORDON & LOWE, NIGEL. The Law of Contempt. London, Butterworths, 1973. Pp. xliv + 401. ISBN 0 406 12950 9.

BUSH, CHILTON R. (ed.). Free Press and Fair Trial. Athens, Georgia, University of Georgia Press, 1970. Pp. vii + 133. LC 70 138674.

A series of studies of the relationship of jury verdicts in felony cases and pre-trial publicity.

CANADA, LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Contempt of Court (Report no. 17). Ottowa, 1982.

COWEN, ZELMAN. 'The Press, the Courts and the Law'. (1979) 12 Melbourne University Law Review, 1-18.

DOBBS, D. B. 'Contempt of Court: A Survey'. (1971) 56 Cornell Law Review, 183-284.

DUFFY, P. J. 'The Sunday Times Case: Freedom of Expression, Contempt of Court and the European Convention on Human Rights'. (1980) 5 Human Rights Review, 17-53.

ELIAS, P. 'Parliamentary Proceedings — the Sub Judice Rule Within, and Reports of Proceedings Without'. (1980) 39 Cambridge Law journal, 13-17.

FENNER, G. MICHAEL & KOLEY, JAMES L. 'Access to Judicial Proceedings: To Richmond

230 Bibliography
Newspapers and Beyond'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 415-59.

GIGLIO, ERNEST D. 'Free Press — Fair Trial in Britain and America'. (1982) 10 Journal of Criminal justice, 341-58.

GILLMOR, DONALD M. Free Press and Fair Trial. Washington, Public Affairs Press, 1966.
This is a review of some of the major aspects of the confrontation between the constitutional
guarantees of a free press and a fair trial. It examines the conflicts at issue in Sheppard and
subsequent cases and other problems such as those presented by cameras in the courtroom.

GOLDFARB, RONALD L. The Contempt Power. New York, Columbia U.P., 1963. Pp. ix + 366.

GOODWIN, A. T. 'Press-Court Relations: Can They Be Improved?'. (1980) 7 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 633-42.

GRAY, C. 'European Convention on Human Rights — Freedom of Expression and the Thalidomide Case'. (1979) 38 Cambridge Law journal, 242-45.

HARRIS, BRIAN. The Courts, the Press and the Public. Chichester, Barry Rose, 1976. Pp. 96. ISBN 0 85992 048 8.

The author gathers together the rules concerning admission to courts in the U. K. and the statutory restrictions upon the reporting of court proceedings.

HONG KONG, LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Contempt of Court (Hong Kong L.R.C. Working Paper no. 4). 1981.

LOWE, N. V. 'The Contempt of Court Act 1981'. (1982) Public Law, 20-8.

LOWE, N. V. 'Freedom of Speech and the Sub Judice Rule'. (1977) 127 New Law Journal, 676-8.

LOWE, N. V. 'Wardship, Contempt and Freedom of Speech'. (1977) 93 Law Quarterly Review, 180-7.

McRuER, J. C. 'Criminal Contempt of Court Procedure: A Protection to the Rights of the Individual'. (1952) 30 Canadian Bar Review, 225-44.

MILLER, C. J. Contempt of Court. London, Paul Elek, 1976. Pp. xl + 279. ISBN 0 236 31087 9.

A detailed and clear account of U. K. law. There is some comparison of English and U. S. law and the argument that English law is a better compromise between fair trial and free press.

MILLER, C. J. 'The Contempt of Court Act, 1981'. (1982) Criminal Law Review, 71-84.

NATHANSON, NATHANIEL L. 'The Sunday Times Case: Freedom of the Press and Contempt of Court under English Law and the European Human Rights Convention'. (1979-1980) 68 Kentucky Law Journal, 971-1025.

STEPHENSON, D. G. 'Fair Trial — Free Press: Rights in Continuing Conflict'. (1979) 46 Brooklyn Law Review, 39-66.

TETTENBORN, A. M. 'The Contempt of Court Bill: Some Problems'. (1981) 125 Solicitor's Journal, 123-4.

UNITED KINGDOM, COMMITTEE ON CONTEMPT OF COURT (Phillimore Committee). Report (Cmnd 5794). London, H.M.S .0., 1974, Pp. vi + 109.

WAGNER, VICTORIA L. 'Human Rights: Government Interference with the Press — The Sunday Times Case'. (1980) 21 Harvard International Law journal, 260-8.

Civil and political rights 231

YOUNG, J. 'The Contempt of Court Act 1981'. (1981) 8 British Journal of Law and Society, 243-55.

Defamation and libel

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Unfair Publication, Defamation and Privacy (Report no. 11). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1979. Pp. xiv + 273. ISBN 0 642 03395 1.

BORRUS, B. J. 'Defamation and the First Amendment: Protecting Speech on Public Issues'. (1980) 56 Washington Law Review, 75-97.

EVANS, K. R. 'Defamation in Broadcasting'. (1979) Dalhousie Law Journal, 659-93.

FRENCH, C. R. 'Defamation Law Reform — a Special Defence for the News Media'. (1979) 4 Otago Law Review, 370-9.

HAYES, R. A. 'The Defamatory Broadcast and Section 117A of the Broadcasting and Television Act'. (1970) 44 Australian Law Journal, 310-8, 380-9.

INGBER, S. 'Defamation: a Conflict Between Reason and Decency'. (1979) 65 Virginia Law Review, 785-858.

JOHNSTON, I. D. 'Uncertainties in the Defence of Fair Comment'. (1979) 8 New Zealand Universities Law Review, 359-91.

SOWLE, K. D. 'Defamation and the First Amendment: The Case for a Constitutional
Privilege of Fair Report'. (1979) 54 New York University Law Review, 469-545.

SPENCER, J. R. 'Criminal Libel— A Skeleton in the Cupboard'. (1977) Criminal Law Review, 383-94; 465-74.

SPENCER, J. R. 'Criminal Libel in Action—The Snuffling of Mr Wicks'. (1979) 38 Cambridge Law Journal, 60-78.

SYMMONS, C. R. 'New Remedies Against Libellers of the Dead? A Look at the Recommendations of the Faulks Committee on Defamation'. (1980) 18 University of Western Ontario Law Review, 521-34.

TYREE, A. L. 'Wrongful Dishonour, Defamation and Qualified Privilege'. (1980) 8 Australian Business Law Review, 229220-31.

Freedom of the press (media)

See also —