Guide to this bibliography and

C ivil and political

See also —

Human rights — general (p. 131): International instruments and agencies (p. 134): United Nations Covenants and Conventions (p. 142); Regional instruments and agencies (p. 146); European Convention on Human Rights (p. 147); Domestic instruments and agencies (p. 154); United States Constitution (p. 159)

ABRAHAM, HENRY J. Freedom and the Court. 4th edn. New York, University Press, 1982. Pp. xvi + 443. ISBN 0 19 502960 7.

This book is a study of Civil Rights and Liberties under the U. S. Constitution as interpreted

by the Supreme Court. It is easily the best and most readable introduction to what is a very complex legal area. The success of the book can be judged from the fact that since it was first published in 1967, it has run through four editions. Chapter III deals with the perplexing problem for any federation of the applicability of the Federal Bill of Rights to the States. Chapter IV traces the development of the requirements of 'due process of law'. Chapter V deals with Freedom of Expression, and Chapter VI with the free exercise of religion and the separation of Church and State. Chapter VII deals with 'Equal Protection' and problems of racial and sexual discrimination. The book includes a useful Bibliographic Note (pp. 403-40) and sets out the amendments that comprise the Bill of Rights, in an Appendix. Good indexes.

ABRAM, MORRIS B. 'Liberty, Fraternity, Equality — One or Two Alone Are Not Enough'. (1967) 16 Public Law, 3-8.

'Analysis of New Zealand Rights'. (1980) 4 Auckland University Law Review, 66-77. ANDERSON, NORMAN. Liberty, Law and Justice. London, Stevens, 1978. Pp. viii + 140.

The thirtieth series of the Hamlyn lectures. Anderson argues that the 'arbiter' in balancing law and liberty must be justice. He accepts John Rawls' notion that justice includes the maximization of basic liberties for everyone. Along the way he advocates the value of a bill of rights, and the rule of law in improving race relations.

AUSTRALIA, PARLIAMENT, JOINT COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DEFENCE. Human

Report of an inquiry into the state of civil rights in the U. S. S. R.

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. Liberty in Australia. Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1955.

BAILEY, S. H., HARRIS, D. J. & JONES B. L. Civil Liberties: Cases and Materials. London, Butterworths, 1980. Pp. xxvii + 447. ISBN 0 406 55481 1.

An excellent compendium of case excerpts, statutes and reports together with commentary. The authors' notes also contain valuable references. The book covers most of the traditional areas of civil liberties in the U.K. — police powers, public order, freedom of expression (censorship, contempt of court, national security), freedom of religion. As well, the book covers privacy, racial discrimination, and prisoners' rights. One important aspect of the book is the attention it pays to the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights and the question of a domestic bill for U.K.

BAZELON, D. L. 'Law, Morality and Civil Liberties'. (1964) 12 University of California Los Angeles Law Review, 13-28.

Civil and political rights 177
BEITZINGER, A. J. 'The Idea of Freedom in Contemporary American Political Thought'. (1973) 35 Review of Politics, 475-88.

BENNETT, JOHN T. Your Rights. 9th edn. Carlton, Vic., John Bennett, 1982. Pp. 73.

This practical handbook to legal rights is up-dated nearly every year. It sets out simply and concisely what rights people have at law and how to protect and enforce these rights. The author includes inter alia descriptions of rights of mental patients, a citizen's rights vis-à-vis the police, freedom of speech and assembly, tenants' rights and rights of the unemployed.

BERLIN, I. 'Two Concepts of Liberty' and 'Introduction Part II', in Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1969.

BLACKSTONE, W. T. 'The Concept of Political Freedom'. (1972) 2 Social Theory and Practice, 421-38.

BRAYBROOKE, E. K. Freedom, Law and Order (Meredith Memorial Lectures, 1973). Bundoora, La Trobe University, 1973. Pp. 23. ISBN 0 85816 925 0.

BUCKLEY, KEN. All About Citizen's Rights. Melbourne, Thomas Nelson, 1976. Pp. xi + 176.

Defines 'citizen's rights' as what is left over after police, government instrumentalities, local councils and various professional hierarchies have exhausted their range of options. Main beneficiaries of our civil law are people who do not need protection and the main victims are Aborigines, children, unskilled migrants, prisoners, women and mental patients. Argues that there is a strong case for the passage of Human Rights and Freedom of Information Bills.

CAMPBELL, ENID & WHITMORE, HARRY. Freedom in Australia. 2nd edn. Sydney, Sydney University Press, 1973. Pp. xi + 488. ISBN 0 424 05220 2.

This is still the best general work on Civil Liberties and the law in Australia. In twenty-four chapters the authors give a readable critique of the major civil liberties issues: Police Powers, Demonstrations, Freedom of Movement, Obscenity and Censorship, Contempt, Freedom of Information, Freedom of Belief, and a discussion of the viability of a Constitutional Bill of Rights. Unfortunately, the discussions are now somewhat dated.

DELEGATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, 35TH SESSION, GENEVA 1979. Report of the Australian Delegation, Canberra, Dept of Foreign Affairs, 1979. Pp. 61.

DEVLIN, PATRICK. The Enforcement of Morals. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. xiv + 139.

Devlin argues that the maintenance of community mores is important for the viability of society. He argues that the law is justified in intervening to maintain social standards.

DORSEN, NORMAN. Frontiers of Civil Liberties. New York, Pantheon Books, 1968. Pp. xxvi + 420.

A somewhat dated survey of the major rights issues in U.S. constitutional law — McCarthyism, academic and religious freedom, freedom of speech, due process and capital punishment,

racial discrimination.

DORSEN, NORMAN et al. Political Rights in the United States. 4th edn. 2 vols. Boston, Little, Brown, 1976. Pp xxxi 1695 (Volume I). LC 75 22786.

Probably the most comprehensive collection of legal materials on U.S. constitutional rights. Volume I deals with freedom of speech, assembly, association and the amendments dealing with the rights to vote and participate in government. Volume II considers 'equality before the law' and the complex law on discrimination. The notes and commentaries that accompany the cases provide an exhaustive guide to U.S. scholarships on Constituitional Rights.

178 Bibliography
DUCHACEK, I. D. Rights and Liberties in the World Today: Constitutional Promise and
Reality. Santa Barbara, Calif., ABC Clio, 1973, ch. 1. ISBN 0 87436 112 5.

ELY, J. H. 'Democracy and the Right to be Different'. (1981) 56 New York University Law Review, 397-405.

FISS, OWEN M. The Civil Rights Injunction. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1978. Pp. 95.

The book is based on the 1976 Harris Lectures, and deals not only with civil rights, but argues

that the injunction has been given an increasingly prominent role not only as a preventive measure but also as a means of correcting the effects of past wrongs and reorganising social institutions.

FLICK, GEOFFREY A. Civil Liberties in Australia. Sydney, Law Book Co., 1981. Pp. xxxviii + 249. ISBN 0 455 20253 2.

A thorough description of the law on traditional civil liberties in Australia: police powers, demonstrations, contempt, access to government information, obscenity. There is also a chapter on sex discrimination.

FRIEDRICH, C. J. 'Rights, Liberties, Freedoms: A Reappraisal'. (1963) 57 American Political Science Review, 841-54.

GASTIL, R. D. Freedom in the World, Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1978. New York, Freedom House, 1979. Pp. xi + 321. ISBN 0 932088 00 7 (Freedom House). ISBN 0 8161 8301 5.

The author surveys human rights violations rating the level of freedom in each country in the world through a comparative examination of civil and political rights. There are also essays by four other scholars on specific topics (human rights in U.S.S.R. and Iran, problems of democracy; self determination). Summaries for each country contain useful information about civil liberties and political rights.

HART, H. L. A. Law, Liberty and Morality. London, Oxford University Press, 1963. Pp. iii + 88. ISBN 0 19 285017 2.

Hart's celebrated rejoinder to Lord Devlin in which he argues that the use of the criminal law to enforce morality is unjustified.

HART, H. L. A. 'Rawls on Liberty and Its Priority'. (1973) 40 University of Chicago Law Review, 534-55.

HAYEK, F. The Constitution of Liberty. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976, esp. Part

HODGE, B. 'Civil liberties in New Zealand: Defending Our Enemies'. (1980) 4 Otago Law Review, 457-68.

HOPE, R. M. Constitutional Guarantees of Individual Freedoms. Melbourne, Victorian Council for Civil Liberties, 1968. Pp. 10.

KIRBY, MICHAEL. Reform the Law. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1983. Pp. xii + 284. ISBN 0 554395 5.

A series of papers written by the Chairman of the Australian Law Reform Commission. The papers include 'Should we recognize Aboriginal tribal laws?', 'Sentencing Reform',

'Procedural Reform and class actions', 'Reform and the Fourth Estate', 'The computer, the individual and the law', 'New dilemmas for law and medicine: a matter of life and death'.

LUARD, E. 'Promotion of Human Rights by UN Political Bodies', in E. Luard (ed.), The International Protection of Human Rights. London, Thames & Hudson, 1967, pp. 132-59.

Civil and political rights 179
MARSH, N. S. 'Civil Liberties in Europe'. (1959) 75 Law Quarterly Review, 530-52.

MARSHALL, GEOFFREY. Constitutional Theory. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971. Pp. ix + 238. ISBN 0 19 876022 1.

This is an incisive study of many difficult areas of constitutional theory that impinge on the problem of constitutional entrenchment of rights — the separation of powers and the relationship between judges and legislators. Chapters VI to IX deal with Civil Rights. Marshall brings to bear a profound knowledge of practice and close analytical skill. The result is a penetrating analysis of Equality, Freedom of Speech and Assembly and Civil Disobedience. The book takes account of U.S. and U.K. developments and considers these in the context of legal, moral and political philosophy.

MCBRIDE, TIM. The New Zealand Civil Rights Handbook. Wellington, Price Milburn, Butterworths, 1980. Pp. 641. ISBN 0 409 60097 O.

MILNE, A. J. M. 'Philosophy and Political Action: The Case of Civil Rights'. (1973) 21 Political Studies, 453-66.

NEWMAN, F. C. & VASAK, KAREL. 'Les Droits Civil et Politiques', in Karel Vasak (ed.), Les Dimensions Internationales des Droits de PHomme: Manuel Destine a PEnseignement des Droits de PHomme dans les Universites. Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1978, pp. 151-96. ISBN 92 3 201477 7.

O'HIGGINS, PAUL. Cases and Materials on Civil Liberties. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1980. Pp. xxxv + 482. ISBN 0 421 25050 x.

A collection of cases, statutes and reports together with notes and further references. The material covers all the traditional areas of civil liberties in the U. K. As well, the author has included chapters on the international framework, on bills of rights. There are chapters on emergency powers and Northern Ireland, and on sex and racial discrimination.

PARTRIDGE, P. H. Liberty in Australia. Sydney, Australian Institute of Political Science, 1964. Pp. 24.

PARTSCH, K. J. 'Elimination of Racial Discrimination in the Enjoyment of Civil and Political Rights'. (1979) 14 Texas International Law Journal, 191-250.

ROWLAND, DANIEL. 'Report on Australia's Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'. (1981) 8 Justice, 1-16.

SCHWELB, D. 'Civil and Political Rights: The International Measures of Implementation'. (1968) 62 American Journal of International Law, 827-68.

STEVENS, I. N. & YARDLEY, D. C. M. The Protection of Liberty. Oxford, Blackwell, 1982. Pp. xi + 188. ISBN 0 631 13176 O.

Written for the general reader, this book surveys the field of civil liberties and human rights in the U. K. The book includes chapters on Personal Liberty, Public Order, Discrimination and Minorities, Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Information and Privacy, The European Bill of Rights and the desirability of a national Bill of Rights.

STONE, VICTOR S. (ed.). Civil Liberties and Civil Rights. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1977. Pp. xi + 144. ISBN 0 252 00620 8.

Contains two essays that deal with traditional civil liberties. Paul A. Freund, 'The Judicial Process in Civil Liberties cases', gives a very brief overview of the U. S. Supreme Court's activities under Earl Warren, while Francis A. Allen, 'The Judicial Quest for Penal Justice: The Warren Court and the Criminal Cases', considers development in due process law — notably the right to counsel and right to silence.

180 Bibliography
STREET, H. Freedom, the Individual and the Law. 5th edn. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1982. Pp. 352. ISBN 0 1402 0646 9.

This is one of the best introductions to civil rights in U. K. and has considerable relevance to the position in Australia. Chapters 3-7 deal with the various aspects of freedom of expression. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with police powers and freedom of assembly. Other rights singled out for discussion are freedom of religion, freedom of movement. There are also chapters on discrimination, freedom to work and protection against private power. Street's study is essentially a legal study but is pitched at a level that makes it readily understandable for the non-lawyer.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Civil Liberties'. (1953) 20 University of Chicago Law Review, 363-545. Contributors include W. Maslow, C. Abrams, W. G. Katz, A. Meiklejohn et al.

UNITED NATIONS, SECRETARY-GENERAL. Periodic Reports on Human Rights: Analytic Summary of Reports and other Material on Civil and Political Rights,

UN Doc. D/C.N4/-.

VALLANCE, ELIZABETH. 'Rights and Social Policy'. (1974) 45 Political Quarterly, 461-69.

WILLIAMS, D. G. T. 'Civil Liberties and the Protection of Statute'. (1981) 34 Current Legal Problems, 25-41.

Right to self-determination

See also—

Discrimination (p. 260):

Related issues —

colonialism; developing countries; ethnic rights; imperialism; New International Economic Order;

permanent sovereignty over natural resources; secession

ALEXANDER, YONAH 8z FRIEDLANDER, ROBERT (eds). Self-Determination: National
Regional and Global Dimensions. Boulder, Westview Press, 1981. Pp. 371.

BENNETT, G. Aboriginal Rights in International Law. London, Royal Anthropological Institute, 1978, pp. 49-54.

CASSESE, A. 'The Helsinki Declaration and Self-Determination', in Thomas Buergenthal & J. R. Hall (eds), Human Rights, International Law and the Helsinki Accord. Montclair, New Jersey, Allanheld, Osmum & Co., 1977, pp. 83-110.

ISBN 0 87663 828 0.

CASSESE, A. 'Political Self-Determination — Old Concepts and New Developments', in UN Law/Fundamental Rights. Two Topics in International Law. Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979, pp. 137-66. ISBN 90 286 0828 1.

CASSESE, A. 'The Self-Determination of People', in Louis Henkin (ed.), The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, pp. 92-113. ISBN 0 231 051808.

CHEN, L. 'Self-Determination as a Human Right', in M. W. Reisman & B. H. Weston (eds), Toward World Order and Human Dignity. Essays in Honor of Myres S. McDougal. New York, The Free Press, 1976, pp. 198-261. ISBN 0 02 926290 9.

Civil and political rights 181

GASTIL, R. D. Freedom in the World, Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1978. New York, Freedom House; Boston, G.K. Hall, 1979, pp. 51-60. ISBN 0 932 88 00 7 (Freedom House). ISBN 0 8161 8301 5.

GRAEFRATH, B. 'A Necessary Dispute on the Contents of the Peoples' Right to Self-Determination: Rejection of an Old Concept in a New Guise'. (1981) 1 German Democratic Republic Committee for Human Rights Bulletin, 11-25.

GROS ESPIELL, H. 'Self-Determination and Jus Cogens', in A. Cassese (ed.), UN Law/Fundamental Rights. Two Topics in International Law. Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979, pp. 167-74. ISBN 90 286 0828 1.

HALPERN, B. 'Jewish Nationalism: Self-Determination as a Human Right', in D. Sidorski (ed.), Essays on Human Rights: Contemporary Issues and Jewish Perspectives. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1979, pp. 309-35.

ISBN 0 8276 0107 7.

JovcE, J. A. The New Politics of Human Rights. London, Macmillan, 1978, ch. 5. ISBN 0 333 24291 2.

LUARD, E. 'Promotion of Human Rights by UN Political Bodies', in E. Luard (ed.), The International Protection of Human Rights. London, Thames & Hudson, 1967,

pp. 132-59.

PARTSCH, K. J. 'Les Principles de Base des Droits de L'Homme: L'Autodetermination, L'Egalite et la Non-Discrimination', in K. Vasak (ed.), Les Dimensions Intern ationales des Droits de V Homme: Manuel Destine a l'Enseignement des Droits de l'Homme dans les Universites. Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1978, pp. 64-72. ISBN 92 3 201477 7.

POMERANCE, MICHLA. Self-Determination in Law and Practice: the New Doctrine in the United Nations. The Hague, Nijhoff, 1982. Pp. xi + 154. ISBN 90 247 2594 1.

RIGAUX, F. 'The Algiers Declaration of the Rights of Peoples', in A. Cassese (ed.), UN Law/Fundamental Rights. Two Topics in International Law. Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979, pp. 211-23. ISBN 90 286 0828 1.

RIGO SUREDA, A. The Evolution of the Right of Self-Determination; A Study of United Nations Practice. Leiden, Sijthoff, 1973. Pp. 397. ISBN 90 286 01031.

This detailed study attempts to prove through United Nations practice the consolidation of a political right of peoples to self-determination as a legal right. It examines the problem of claims to self-determination and the competence of UN organs to deal with these claims, subjects entitled to self-determination and procedural aspects of the exercise of this right. Maps, documentary appendixes, bibliography and index.

RONEN, Dov. The Quest for Self-Determination. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1979. Pp. 144.

UMOZURIKE, O. U. Self-Determination in International Law. Hamden, Conn., Archon Books, 1972. Pp. xiii + 324. ISBN 0 208 01273 7.

This book traces the development of the principle of self-determination and shows how it has matured into a fundamental principle of positive international law. Evidence is drawn from the practice of the United Nations, state practice and voluminous international jurisprudence. Bibliography, index.

182 Bibliography

G. D. Loescher (eds), Human Rights and American Foreign Policy. Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, 1979, pp. 63-76. ISBN 0 268 01071 4.

Related issues —

abortion; allocation of scarce medical resources; capital punishment; contraception; definition of death;

AVERY, GORDON B. 'The Right to Life: Can We Decide?'. (Dec. 1973) 29 Clinical Proceedings, Children's Hospital Medical Centre, 265-86.

BATES, PHILIP. 'Legal Criteria for Distinguishing Between Live and Dead Human

Foetuses and Newborn Children'. (1983) 6 University of New South Wales Law Journal, 143-51.

BECKER, LAWRENCE C. 'Human Being: The Boundaries of the Concept'. (1975) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 334-59.

CALABRESI, GUIDO. 'Birth, Death and the Law'. (April 1974) 37 Pharos, 39-41.

DINSTEIN, Y. 'The Right to Life, Physical Integrity and Liberty', in L. Henkin (ed.), The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, pp. 114-37. ISBN 0 231 051808.

Epp, RONALD H. 'Philosophical Speculation and Biomedical Innovation'. (1973) 11 Southern Journal of Philosophy, 91-7.

FLETCHER, JOSEPH. 'Medicine and the Nature of Man', in Robert Veatch, Willard M. Gaylin & Councilman Morgan (eds), The Teaching of Medical Ethics.

Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y., Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences, 1973, pp. 47-58.

GLOVER, JONATHON. Causing Death and Saving Lives. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1977. Pp. 328. ISBN 0 1402 2003 8.

The author has managed to make a variety of philosophical problems to do with the right to life readily understandable to the layman. In the first part of the book he considers various positions that have been taken on the nature and value of life. In the second part of the book he applies his findings to the issues of abortion, infanticide, suicide, euthanasia, assassination, war and distribution of medical resources.

HUMBER, JAMES M. & ALMEDER, ROBERT F. (eds). Biomedical Ethics and the Law. New York, Plenum Press, 1979. Pp. xiv + 658. ISBN 0 306 40239 4.

A collection of articles and excerpts from books on euthanasia, abortion, human experimentation, the mentally handicapped. Contains good reading guides on each topic.

JoYcE, J. A. The New Politics of Human Rights. London, Macmillan, 1978, pp. 186-90. ISBN 0 333 24291 2.

KEYSERLINGK, EDWARD W. Sanctity of Life Or Quality of Life. Ottawa, Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1979. Pp. viii + 224. ISBN 0 662 10445 5.

In this study the author examines the philosophical debate between those who take life to be valuable in itself and those who see its value as a vehicle for other goods. He examines the issue of euthanasia and treatment of the dying. There is also an important discussion of the desirability of introducing 'rights' into pragmatic areas of medical treatment. In the final part

Civil and political rights 183

KIRBY, MICHAEL. 'New Dilemmas for Law and Medicine: A Matter of Life and Death', in M. Kirby Reform the Law. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1983,

pp. 217— 42. ISBN 0 554395 5.

MOONEY, GAVIN, H. The Valuation of Human Life. London, Macmillan, 1977. Pp. 165. ISBN 0 333 21422 6.

Many decisions affecting social policies can only be made if there is an understanding of what value may be placed on the lives so saved or improved.

MORISON, ROBERT S. 'Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis for the Quality of, and Right to, Human Life: Society as a Standard', in Bruce Hilton et al. (ed.), Ethical Issues in Human Genetics: Genetic Counseling and the Use of Genetic Knowledge. New York, Plenum Press, 1973, pp. 201-20.

RAMSEY, PAUL. Ethics at the Edges of Life: Medical and Legal Intersections. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1978. Pp xvii + 353. ISBN 0 300 02137 2.

In the Bampton Lectures that comprise this book, Ramsey, an eminent U. S. theologian, examines a number of issues that show the complexity of the right to life in the context of modern medical technologies. He examines the U. S. Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade and discusses its implications for freedom of conscience and religion. In the second part of the book he looks at various euthanasia decisions in U. S., neonatal infanticide and the California Natural Death Act. A most readable and clear account of a complex set of problems.

ROTENSTREICH, NATHAN. 'The Biological Revolution and Ethical Awareness'. (1977) 15 Philosophical Forum, 245-60.

ROUPAS, T. G. 'The Value of Life'. (1978) 7 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 154-83.

SCOTT, RUSSELL. The Body as Property. London, Allen Lane, 1981. Pp. x + 274. ISBN 0 7139 1321 5.

Chapter 6 is an examination of when organs may be taken from a comatose person for transplantation, discusses definition of death, and medical decisions to withdraw life-support systems.

ST JOHN-STEVAS, NORMAN (ed.). Life, Death and the Law. London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1961. Pp. 375.

A seminal study with useful appendixes bringing together materials and data on the subject discussed. The author's overall interest is the relationship between law and Christian morals in the English and American legal systems. Topics covered include contraception, artificial insemination, sterilization, homosexuality, suicide and euthanasia. A thorough though dated bibliography (pp. 340-60).

WASSMER, THOMAS A. 'Between Life and Death: Ethical and Moral Issues Involved in Recent Medical Advances'. (1968) 13 Villanova Law Review, 759-83.

WILLIAMS, GLANVILLE. The Sanctiv of Life and the Criminal Law. London, Faber & Faber, 1958. Pp. 319.

A path-breaking study by a leading expert on criminal law in the U. K. Williams considers various areas to do with the way law impinges on taking or preserving life: contraception, sterilization, abortion, suicide, euthanasia. His general thesis is that the 'sanctity of life' principle is a religious principle that was taken into the criminal law. Its credentials need to be reappraised. The study represents a readable mix of the descriptive and the critical.

184 Bibliography

See also —

Rights of special groups (p. 310): Children's rights (p. 310): Health and medical care (p. 318)

Related issues —

'Abortion Law Reform in Europe: the European Commission on Human Rights Upholds German Restrictions on Abortion'. (1980) 15 Texas International Law Journal, 162-86.

APPLETON, S. F. 'Beyond the Limits of Reproductive Choice: the Contributions of the Abortion-Funding Cases to Fundamental-Right Analysis and to the Welfare-Rights Thesis'. (1981) 81 Columbia Law Review, 721-58.

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Human Tissue Transplants (Report no. 7). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1977. ISBN 0 642 03018 9. References to the use for transplants of tissue from foetuses, at paragraphs 2,7,13,37,45-49.

BLACKWOOD, RICH & BLACKWOOD, ROBIN. 'What are the Father's Rights in Abortion'. (1975) 3 Journal of Legal Medicine, 28-36.

Box, SISSELA. 'Who Shall Count as a Human Being? A Treacherous Question in the Abortion Discussion', in Robert L. Perkins (ed.), Abortion: Pro and Con. Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman, 1974, pp. 91-105.

BONDESON, WILLIAM B., ENGLEHARDT H. TRISTRAM JR, SPICKER, STUART F. & WINSHIP, DANIEL H. (eds). Abortion and the Status of the Foetus. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, 1983. Pp. 380. ISBN 90 277 1493 2.

This volume brings together philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians and scientists in discussions of the meaning of personhood, the moral status of the foetus, and the ethical issues raised by abortion. It offers an assessment of current biological data and history of the law's response to abortion.

BOWLES, T. G. A. & BELL, M. N. M. 'Abortion — A Clarification'. (1979) 129 New Law Journal, 944-46.

BRANDT, RICHARD B. 'The Morality of Abortion'. (1972) 56 Monist, 504-26. BRODY, B. A. 'Abortion and the Law'. (1971) 68 Philosophy Journal, 357-69.

BRODY, B. A. 'Abortion and the Sanctity of Human Life'. (1973) 10 American Philosohical Quarterly, 133-40.

BRODY, B. A. 'On the Humanity of the Foetus', in Robert L. Perkins (ed.), Abortion: Pro and Con. Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman, 1974, pp. 69-90.

BUCHANAN, ELIZABETH. 'The Constitution and the Anomaly of the Pregnant Teenager'. (1982) 24 Arizona Law Review, 553-610.

The author discusses the special problems of teenage pregnancy and the conflicting interests in the teenage abortion cases.

CALLAHAN, DANIEL. 'Abortion: Some Ethical Issues', in David F. Walbert & J. Douglas Butler (eds), Abortion, Society and the Law. Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University Press, 1973, pp. 89-101.

COMMITTEE ON THE OPERATION OF THE ABORTION LAW. Report. Ottawa, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1977. Pp. 474.

Civil and political rights 185
CURRIER, L. S. 'Abortion and the Right to Life'. (1975) Social Theory and Practice, 381-401.

DESTRO, ROBERT A. 'Abortion and the Constitution: The Need for a Life-Protective Amendment'. (1975) 63 California Law Review, 1250-351.

This is an analysis of the reasoning and effect of Roe v. Wade and of Doe v. Bolton and of the background, rationale and content of proposed constitutional amendments designed to change

the Court's abortion decisions. Of the two major proposed amendments, the 'states' rights' amendment and the 'life protective' amendment, Destro prefers the latter which recognises the rights of the unborn.

DICKENS, B. M. & Coox, R. J. 'Development of Commonwealth Abortion Laws'. (1979) 28 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 424-57.

FINCH, J. D. 'Nurses and the Legality of Abortion'. (1980) 130 New Law Journal, 1195-97.

FINNIS, JOHN. 'The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion: A Reply to Judith Thomson'. (1973) 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 117-45.

FINNIS, JOHN 'Three Schemes of Regulations', in John T. Noonan Jr (ed.), The Morality of Abortion. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1970.

GARDNER, E. CLINTON. 'The Public Regulation of Abortion', in Philip J. Wogaman (ed.), The Population Crisis and Moral Responsibility. Washington, Public Affairs Press, 1973, pp. 274-91.

GEORGE, B. JAmEs. 'The Evolving Law of Abortion', in David F. Walbert & J. Douglas Butler (eds), Abortion, Society and the Law. Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University Press, 1973, pp. 3-62.

GERBER, RUDOLF J . 'Abortion: Parameters for Decision'. (1971) 11 International Philosophical Quarterly, 561-84.

GILLESPIE, NORMAN C. 'Abortion and Human Rights'. (1977) 87 Ethics, 237-43.

GLENN, GARY D. 'Abortion and Inalienable Rights in Classical Liberalism'. (1975) 20 American Journal of jurisprudence, 62-80.

GOLDSTEIN, L. F. 'Critique of the Abortion Funding Decisions: On Private Rights in the Public Sector'. (1981) 8 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 313-42.

GREAT BRITAIN, PARLIAMENT, HOUSE OF COMMONS, SELECT COMMITTEE ON ABORTION. Report from the Select Committee on Abortion, Session 1975-76. 2 vols. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976.

GRISEZ, GERMAIN G. 'Toward a Consistent Natural Law Ethics of Killing'. (1970) 15 American Journal of jurisprudence, 64-96.

HARE, R. M. 'Abortion and the Golden Rule'. (1975) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 201-22.

HEER, D. M. 'Abortion, Contraception and Population Policy in the Soviet Union'. (1965) 17 Soviet Studies, 76-83.

HUMBER, JAMES M. 'Abortion, Fetal Research and the Law'. (1977) 4 Social Theory and Practice, 127-47.

JONES, CATHY J. 'Abortion and the Consideration of Fundamental, Irreconcilable Interests'. (1982) 33 Syracuse Law Review, 565-614.

186 Bibliography
KAPP, MARSHALL B. 'The Father's (Lack of) Right and Responsibilities in the Abortion Decision: An Examination of Legal-Ethical Implications'. (1982) 9 Ohio Northern University Law Review, 369-84.

LEAVY, Z. & KUMMER, J. 'Criminal Abortion, Human Hardship and Unyielding Laws'. (1962) 35 Southern California Law Review, 123-218.

LENHARDT, WAYNE A. 'Abortion and Pre-Natal Injury: A Legal and Philosophical Analysis'. (1974) 13 Western Ontario Law Review, 97-123.

LOUISELL, DAVID W. & NOONAN, JOHN T. Jr. 'Constitutional Balance, in John T. Noonan Jr (ed.), The Morality of Abortion. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1970, pp. 220-60.

LYON, C. M. & BENNETT, G. J. 'Abortion — the Female, the Foetus and the Father'. (1979) 32 Current Legal Problems, 217-22.

LYON, C. M. & BENNETT, G. J. 'Abortion — a Question of Human Rights'. (1982) 12 Family Law, 47-53.

MARTYN, KEN. 'Technological Advances and Roe v. Wade: the Need to Rethink Abortion Law'. (1982) 29 University of California — Los Angeles Law Review, 1194-215.

MCCLOSKEY, H. J. 'The Right to Life'. (1975) 84 Mind, 403-25.

MCCORMICK, RICHARD A. 'Notes on Moral Theology: The Abortion Dossier'. (1974) 35 Theological Studies, 312-59.

MICHEL, A. E. 'Abortion and International Law: the Status and Possible Extension of Women's Right to Privacy'. (1981-82) 20 Journal of Family Law, 241-61.

NEW ZEALAND, ROYAL COMMISSION ON CONTRACEPTION, STERILIZATION AND ABORTION. Contraception, Sterilization and Abortion in New Zealand. Wellington, Government Printer, 1977. Pp. 454.

NOONAN, JOHN T. JR. 'Abortion and the Catholic Church: A Summary History'. (1967) 12 Natural Law Forum, 85-131.

NOONAN, JOHN T. JR (ed.). The Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1970. Pp. xviii + 276.

ISBN 674 58725 1.

A collection of essays that puts the case against abortion. The contributors include eminent theologians, lawyers and philosophers. Chapters include 'An Almost Absolute Value in History' (Noonan), 'Reference Points in Deciding About Abortion' (Paul Ramsey), 'Three Schemes of Regulation' (John Finnis) and a study of U.S. constitutional law on abortion by Noonan and David Louisell.

PATTON, DOROTHY E. 'Roe v. Wade: Its Impact on Rights of Choice in Human

POWER, ANTHONY P. 'Abortion and the Philosophy of Human Biology'. (1973) 45 Australian Quarterly, 4-17.

PURDY, LAURA & TOOLEY, MICHAEL. 'IS Abortion Murder?', in Robert L. Perkins (ed.), Abortion: Pro and Con. Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman, 1974, pp. 129-49.

RADEVSKY, T. 'Wardship and Abortion'. (1980) 130 New Law journal, 813-14. RAMSEY, PAUL. 'Abortion: A Review Article'. (1973) 37 Thomist, 174-226.

Civil and political rights 187
REES, WILLIAM M. & WHITE, PAUL M. 'Abortion and Class: A Comment on the Lane Report'. (1974) 37 Modern Law Review, 663-70.

RYAN, H. R. S. 'Abortion and Criminal Law'. (1981) 6 Queen's Law journal, 362-71.

SANFORD, BARBARA H. 'Ethical Problems in Foetal Diagnosis and Abortion', in Charles Birch & Paul Abrecht (eds), Genetics and the Quality of Life. Elmsford, N.Y., Pergamon Press, 1975, pp. 86-91.

SANTAMARIA, JOSEPH. 'The Royal Commission On Human Relationships: To What Extent Should the Recommendations on Abortion, Homosexuality, Prostitution and Incest be Treated Seriously?'. (1979) 8(3) St Thomas More Society journal, 1-13.

SCHNEIDER, CARL & VINOVSKIS, MARIS A. (eds). The Law and Politics of Abortion. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1980. Pp. xlvii + 268. ISBN 0 669 03386 3.

A collection of seven essays assessing the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade which decided that women have a constitutional right to procure an abortion. The essays focus in particular on the legal and political effects of the decision in the U.S.

SERRA, ANGELO. 'Ethical Issues in Foetal Diagnosis and Abortion', in Charles Birch & Paul Abrecht (eds), Genetics and the Quality of Life. Elmsford, N.Y., Pergamon Press, 1975, pp. 109-19.

SHINN, ROGER L. 'Foetal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: An Ethical Exploration', in Charles Birch & Paul Abrecht (eds), Genetics and the Quality of Life. Elmsford, N.Y., Pergamon Press, 1975, pp. 74-85.

SIMMS, MADELEINE. 'Abortion Law and Medical Freedom'. (1974) 14 British journal of Criminology, 118-31.

SOMERVILLE, M. A. 'Reflections on Canadian Abortion Law: Evacuation and Destruction — Two Separate Issues'. (1981) 31 University of Toronto Law journal, 1-26.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Abortion'. (1970) 8 University of Sydney Institute of Criminology Proceedings.

TEMKIN, J. 'The Lane Committee Report on the Abortion Act'. (1974) 37 Modern Law Review, 657-63.

THOMSON, JUDITH JARVIS. 'A Defense of Abortion', in Marshall Cohen (ed.), Philosophy and Public Affairs. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1971, pp. 47-66.

THOMSON, JUDITH JARVIS. 'Rights and Deaths'. (1975) 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 146-59.

TOOLEY, MICHAEL. 'Abortion and Infanticide'. (1973) 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 146-59.

TOOLEY, MICHAEL. Abortion and Infanticide. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983. Pp. 441. ISBN 0 19 824674 9.

TOOLEY, MICHAEL. 'A Defense of Abortion and Infanticide'. (1972) 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 37-65.

VEITCH, EDWARD & TRACEY, R. R. S. 'Abortion in the Common Law World'. (1974) American journal of Comparative Law, 652-96.

VicK, L. 'Abortion Law Reform: Which Way?'. (1980) 5 Legal Service Bulletin, 66-8.

WARHuksT, JoHN & MERRILL, VANCE. 'The Abortion Issue in Australia: Pressure Politics and Policy'. (1982) 54(2) Australian Quarterly, 119-35.

188

WARREN, MARY ANNE. 'Do Potential People Have Moral Rights?'. (1977) Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 275-89.

WASSERSTROM, RICHARD. 'The Status of the Fetus'. (1975) 5 Hastings Center Report, 18-22.

WILLIAMS, G. H. 'Religious Residues and Presuppositions in the American Debate on Abortion'. (1970) 31 Theological Studies, 10-75.

WITHERSPOON, JOSEPH P. 'Impact of Abortion Decisions upon the Father's Role'. (1975) 35 Jurist, 32-65.

ZUCKERMAN, RUTH JANE. 'Abortion and the Constitutional Rights of Minors'. 1973 (Juvenile Rights Project) American Civil Liberties Union Reports.

Euthanasia

See also —

Related issues —

allocation of scarce medical resources; conscientious and religious objections of hospitals and medical personnel; death with dignity; deformed infants; infanticide; involuntary euthanasia; living wills; substitted judgment; suicide; terminal illness; transplantation of organs and tissue

ANNAS, GEORGE. 'The Incompetent's Right to Die: the Case of Joseph Saikewicz'. (1978) 8 Hastings Center Report, 21-3.

ANNAS, GEORGE. Judges at the Bedside: The Case of Joseph Saikewicz'. (1978) 6 Medicolegal News, 10-13.

ANNAS, GEORGE. 'Law and Life Sciences: In Re Quinlan: The Legal Comfort for Doctors'. (1976) 6 Hastings Center Report, 29-31.

BARD, B. & FLETCHER, J. 'The Right to Die'. (1968) Atlantic, 59-64.

BARRINGTON, MARY R. 'The Voluntary Euthanasia Bill 1963: An Appraisal'. Conference on Euthanasia. London: Royal Society of Health, 1973, pp. 11-14.

BAUGHMAN, WILLIAM H. 'Euthanasia: Criminal Tort, Constitutional and Legislative Questions'. (1973) 48 Notre Dame Lawyer, 1202-60.

BECKER, DOUGLAS W., FLEMING, ROBERT W. & OVERSTREET, REBECCA M. 'The Legal Aspects of the Right to Die: Before and After the Quinlan Decision'. (1977) 65 Kentucky Law journal, 823-79.

Box, SISSELA et al. 'The Dilemmas of Euthanasia'. (1973) 23 BioScience, 461-78.

BRAUSON, ROY, CASEBEER, KENNETH, LEVINE, MELVIN D., ODEN, THOMAS C., RAMSEY, PAUL & CAPRON, ALEXANDER MORGAN. 'The Quinlan Decision: ivve Commentaries'. (1976) 6 Hastings Center Report, 8-19.

Civil and political rights 189
CANADIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Euthanasia, Aiding Suicide and Cessation of Treatment (Report no. 20) 1983.

CANTOR, NORMAN L. 'A Patient's Decision to Decline Life-Saving Medical Treatment: Bodily Integrity Versus the Preservation of Life'. (1972) 26 Rutgers Law Review, 228-64.

CASSELL, ERIC J. 'Dying in a Technological Society'. (May 1974) 2 Hastings Center Studies, 31-6.

DICKENS, B. M. 'The Right to Natural Death'. (1981) 26 McGill Law journal, 847-79.

DOWNING, A. B. (ed.). Euthanasia and the Right to Death: The Case for Voluntary Euthanasia. London, Peter Owen, 1969.

Arguments in favour of voluntary euthanasia are presented from various viewpoints — medical, philosophical, legal, sociological.

FEINBERG, JOEL. 'Voluntary Euthanasia and the Inalienable Right to Life'. (1978) 7 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 92-123.

FOOT, PHILIPPA. 'Euthanasia'. (1977) 6 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 68-112.

FORKOSCH, MORRIS D. 'Privacy, Human Dignity, Euthanasia — Are These Independent Constitutional Rights?'. (1973) 3 University of San Fernando Valley Law Review, 1-25.

Fox, RENEE. 'A Sociological Commentary on the Interest in Death and Dying in Modern Society', in Simon Btesh (ed.), Protection of Human Rights in the Light of Scientific and Technological Progress in Biology and Medicine. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1974, pp. 125-42.

GARDNER, R. F. R. 'A New Ethical Approach to Abortion and Its Implications for the Euthanasia Dispute'. (1975) 1Journal of Medical Ethics, 127-31.

GOULD, JONATHAN & CRAIGMYLE, LORD (eds). Your Death Warrant?. New York, Arlington House, 1971.

A comprehensive selection of arguments against legalising euthanasia. The authors draw on arguments from medical, legal, ethical sources. There is a history of the euthanasia movement and proposed legislation.

GURNEY, EDWARD J. 'Is There a Right to Die? A Study of the Law of Euthanasia'. (1972) 3 Cumberland Sanford Law Review, 235-61.

HILL, R. E. 'Euthanasia: The Right to be 'Let' Alone'. (1980) 7 Southern University Law Review, 101-12.

KOENIG, RONALD. 'Dying vs. Well-Being'. (1973) 4 Omega, 181-94.

KOHL, MARVIN (ed.). Beneficient Euthanasia. Buffalo N.Y., Prometheus Books, 1975, Pp. xix + 255. ISBN 0 87975 047 2.

An important collection of essays that attempts to set out the debate on voluntary euthanasia. The slant of the book is in favour of euthanasia. The contributors include many scholars who have been in the forefront of the debate — Joseph Sullivan, Daniel Maguire, Joseph Fletcher, Arthur Dyck, Marvin Kohl, Glanville Williams, Baruch Brody. The eighteen essays have been broken up under four different headings: Religioethical Issues: Underlying Philosophical Issues; Beneficence: Two Contrasting Views; and Medical and Legal Issues. There is 'A Plea for Beneficent Euthanasia' signed by various prominent citizens and Appendixes include a draft Voluntary Euthanasia Bill.

190 Bibliography
KOHL, MARVIN. The Morality of Killing: Sanctity of Life, Abortion and Euthanasia. New York, Humanities Press; London, Peter Owen, 1974.

The author gives an account of moral killing using philosophical analysis. He then applies this account to the cases of abortion and euthanasia, arguing for 'beneficent euthanasia'.

LADD, J. 'Euthanasia, Liberty, and Religion'. (1982) 93 Ethics, 129-38. MAGUIRE, DANIEL C. Death by Choice. New York, Doubleday & Co., 1974.

Philosophical study of the problem of euthanasia. The final chapter also deals with abortion, capital punishment and war.

MALONE, ROBERT J. 'Is There a Right to a Natural Death?'. (1974) 9 New England Law Review, 293-310.

McQuAm, M. H. 'Termination of Life — Support Equipment Used to Sustain the Life of an Irreversibly Comatose Patient'. (1979) 11 University of Queensland Law journal, 27-41.

MONTANGE, CHARLES H. 'Informed Consent and the Dying Patient'. (1974) 83 Yale Law Journal, 1632-64.

Pius XI. 'The Pope Speaks, Prolongation of Life'. (1957) 4 Osservatore Romano, 393-8.

RAMSEY, PAUL. 'The Indignity of 'Death with Dignity".(1974) 2 Hastings Center Studies, 47-62.

REISER, STANLEY J. 'The Dilemma of Euthanasia in Modern Medical History: The English and American Experience', in John A. Behnke & Sissela Bok (eds), The Dilemmas of Euthanasia. New York, Anchor Books, 1975, pp. 27-49.

RUDIKOFF, SONYA. 'The Problem of Euthanasia'. (1974) 57 Commentary, 62-8.

SILVING, HELEN. 'Euthanasia: A Study in Comparative Criminal Law'. (1954) 103 University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 350-89.

STEPHENSON, S. A. 'The Right to Die: a Proposal for Natural Death Legislation'. (1980) 49 University of Cincinnati Law Review, 228-43.

SULLIVAN, JOSEPH V. The Morality of Mercy Killing. Westminster, Newman Press, 1950.

A lucid presentation of the traditional Roman Catholic position on euthanasia. The author traces the history of the issue and argues for the wrongfulness of direct killing of the innocent.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Euthanasia'. (1970) 63 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 659-70. SZASZ, THOMAS S. 'The Ethics of Suicide'. (1971) 31 Antioch Review, 7-17.

THOMSON, JUDITH JARVIS. 'Rights and Deaths'. (1973) 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 146-60.

VAUGHAN, NANCY LEE. 'The Right to Die'. (1974) 10 California Western Law Review, 613-27.

VODIGA, BRUCE. 'Euthanasia and the Right to Die — Moral, Ethical and Legal Perspectives'. (1974) 51 Chicago-Kent Law Review, 1-40.

WILLIAMS, GLANVILLE. 'Euthanasia'. (1973) 41 Medico-Legal journal, 14-34.

YOUNG, ROBERT. 'Voluntary and Non-Voluntary Euthanasia'. (1976) 59 Monist, 264-83.

Civil and political rights 191

Related issues —

brain death; disposal of body parts; euthanasia; transplantation of organs and tissue; withdrawal of life

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Human Tissue Transplants (Report no. 7). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1977. ISBN 0 642 03018 9. Chapter 10, 'Time of Death', concisely surveys the issues and literature, and recommends a

statutory definition of death, based on brain death or irreversible failure of circulation.

BEECHER, HENRY K. 'Ethical Problems Created by the Hopelessly Unconscious Patient'. (1968) 278 New England Journal of Medicine, 1425-30.

BEECHER, HENRY K. 'Definitions of "Life" and "Death" for Medical Sciences and
Practices'. (1970) 169 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 471-4.

BLACK, PETER. 'Three Definitions of Death'. (1977) 60 Monist, 136-46.

CALLAHAN, DANIEL. 'On Defining a "Natural Death" '.(1977) 7 Hastings Center Report, 32-7.

CAPRON, ALEXANDER MORGAN 8Z KASS, LEON R. 'A Statutory Definition of the Standard for Determining Human Death: An Appraisal and a Proposal'. (1972) 121 University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 87-118.

CONWAY, DANIEL J. 'Medical and Legal Views of Death: Confrontation and
Reconciliation'. (1974) 19 St Louis University Law Journal, 172-88.

FAGER, W. A. P. 'Do We Need a Legal Definition of Death'. (1975) New Zealand Law Journal, 171-4.

GALBALLY, F. 'Death by Statute'. (1981) 55 Australian Law journal, 339-48.

HALLEY, M. M. & HARVEY, W. F. 'Medical vs. Legal Definitions of Death'. (1968) 204 Journal of the American Medical Association, 423-5.

IvAN. 'The Political Uses of Natural Death'. (1974) 2 Hastings Center Studies, 3-20.

SCOTT, RUSSELL. The Body as Property. London, Allen Lane, 1981. Pp. + 274. ISBN 0 7139 1321 5.

In chapter 6, in a good discussion of definition of death, Scott welcomes what he sees as growing legal recognition of the concept of 'brain death'. He regards this as removing some, though not all, of the legal problems in transplanting human organs.

SKEGG, P. D. G. 'Irreversibly Comatose Individuals: "Alive" or "Dead"?'. (1974) 33 Cambridge Law Journal, 130-44.

SMITH, DAVID H. 'Fatal Choices: Recent Discussions of Dying'. (1977) 7 Hastings Center Report, 7-10.

VIETH, FRANK J. et al. 'Brain Death: Part I, "A Status Report of Medical and Ethical Considerations"; Part II, "A Status Report of Legal Considerations" '. (1977) 238 Journal of the American Medical Association, 1651-5, 1744-8.

192 Bibliography
Capital punishment

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL. The Death Penalty. London, Amnesty International Publications, 1979. Pp. x + 209.

A comprehensive survey of the use of the death penalty throughout the world.

BEDAU, HUGO A. The Courts, The Constitution and Capital Punishment. Lexington, Massachusetts, D. C. Heath, 1977. Pp. 165.

This is a collection of essays by Bedau dealing with constitutional challenges to capital punishment and the Supreme Court's responses to these challenges.

BEDAU, HUGO A. 8z PIERCE, CHESTER M. (eds). Capital Punishment in The United States. New York, AMS Press, 1976. Pp. 567.

This contains twenty-five essays by political scientists, economists, historians, and psychologists covering a wide spectrum of research done on various facets of the controversy over capital punishment since the Supreme Court's 1972 decision in Furman v . Georgia.

BERNS, WALTER. For Capital Punishment. Crime and the Morality of the Death Penalty. New York, Basic Books, 1979. Pp. x + 214. ISBN 0 465 02473 4.

CAMPBELL, I. G. 'Justice and Utility in Sentencing: Gascoigne Revisited?'. (1981) 12 University of Queensland Law Journal, 43-72.

CARR, LORD & BURNHAM, D. 'The Capital Punishment Debate 1979: A Review'. (1980) 44 Journal of Criminal Law, 111-8.

CARRINGTON, F. C. 'Deterrence, Death, and the Victims of Crime: A Common Sense Approach'. (1982) 35 Vanderbilt Law Review, 587-605.

COMBS, M. 'The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment: Uncertainty, Ambiguity and Judicial Control'. (1980) 7 Southern University Law Review, 1-42.

DUGARD, C. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1978, pp. 124-9. ISBN 0 691 09236 2.

GARDNER, M. R. 'Executions and Indignities — An Eighth Amendment Assessment of Methods of Inflicting Capital Punishment'. (1978) 89 Ohio State Law Journal, 96-150.

GOLDMAN, ALAN H. 'Toward a New Theory of Punishment'. (1982) 1 Law and Philosophy, 57-76.

GREAT BRITAIN, HOUSE OF COMMONS, SELECT COMMITTEE ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT.

GREENBERG, J. 'Capital Punishment as a System'. (1982) 91 Yale Law Journal, 908-37.

HART, H. L. A. Punishment and Responsibility. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1968. Pp. viii + 271.

A collection of essays on the philosophical issues associated with punishment. The author presents a justification for criminal punishment.

HARTZ-KARP, JANETTE. Capital Punishment: A Review. Perth, Western Australia Department of Corrections, 1979. Pp. 16 + 3. ISBN 0 7244 8203 2.

Report on capital punishment provisions in Western Australia.

JoHNsoN, K. L. 'The Death Row Right to Die: Suicide or Intimate Decision'. (1981) 54 Southern California Law Review, 575-631.

Civil and political rights 193

LOPEZ-REY, M. 'General Overview of Capital Punishment as a Legal Sanction'. (1979) 12 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2-10.

MACKEY, PHILIP E. (ed.). Voices Against Death: Classic Appeals Against the Death Penalty in America, 1787-1973. New York, Burt Franklin, 1976.

This is a collection of arguments advanced by members of such diverse groups as lawyers, legislators, social scientists, men on death row and journalists. Arranged chronologically, the earlier selections tend to rely more heavily upon moral and religious considerations whereas the more recent arguments rely more heavily upon the constitutional prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

PANNICK, DAVID. Judicial Review of the Death Penalty. London, Duckworth, 1982. Pp. vii + 245. ISBN 0 7156 1594 7.

An important new study of the law relating to the death penalty in Common Law countries — mainly U. K. and U. S. A. Chapters include — 'Due Process of Law and the Rule of Law'; 'Penal Theories and the Constitution'; 'Cruelty and Delay'; `Disproportionality'; 'Mandatory Death Sentences'; 'Discretionary Death Sentences'; 'Procedural Fairness and the Rule of Law'; 'Equal Protection of the Laws'; 'Clemency'.

PRIMORAC, IGOR. 'On Capital Punishment'. (1982) 17 Israel Law Review, 133-50.

This article deals with the utilitarian and retributive theories of punishment. It is clearly written and well argued.

RADIN, M. J. 'Cruel Punishment and Respect for Persons: Super Due Process for Death'. (1980) 53 Southern California Law Review, 1132-85.

SELLIN, T. Capital Punishment. New York, Harper & Row, 1967. Pp. 290.

ST JOHN-STEVAS, NORMAN (ed.). Life, Death and the Law. London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1961. Pp. 375.

TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND TASK FORCE ON CRIMINAL SENTENCING. Fair and Certain Punishment. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1976.

UNITED NATIONS, SECRETARY-GENERAL. Capital Punishment: Report of The Secretary-General. UN Doc. E15616 (1975).

VIALET, J. Capital Punishment: Pro and Con Arguments. Washington D. C., Library of Congress, 1966.

See also —

Civil and political

Related issues —

Amnesty International; arrest; blood transfusions; bodily integrity; capital punishment; consent to medical treatment; corporal punishment; cruel and unusual punishment and torture; deportation; disappearance; euthanasia; genocide; habeas corpus and detention; human experimentation; imprisonment; nuclear warfare; police powers; political asylum; pollution; prisoners of war; psychiatry (U.S.S.R.); search and seizure; slavery and forced labour; terrorism; transplantation of organs and tissue; trespass

194 Bibliography

BATES, FRANK. 'Corporal Punishment in Legal Historical and Social Context'. (1983) 12 Manitoba Law journal, 337-55.

DUGARD, C. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1978, pp. 107-22. ISBN 0 691 09236 2.

FORSYTHE, DAVID P. 'Human Rights and Internal Conflicts: Trends and Recent Developments'. (1982) 12 California Western International Law Journal, 287-304.

TRECHSEL, S. 'The Right to Liberty and Security of the Person: Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Strasbourg Case-Law'. (1980) 1 Human Rights Law Journal, 88-135.

WILLING, ANDREW R. 'Protection by Law Enforcement: The Emerging Constitutional Right'. (1982) 35 Rutgers Law Review, 1-99.