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#574. Vigor. -- N. vigor, power, force; boldness, raciness &c. adj.; intellectual, force; spirit, point, antithesis, piquance, piquancy; verve, glow, fire, warmth; strong language; gravity, sententiousness; elevation, loftiness, sublimity.

eloquence; command of words, command of language.



Adj. vigorous, nervous, powerful, forcible, trenchant, incisive, impressive; sensational.

spirited, lively, glowing, sparkling, racy, bold, slashing; pungent, piquant, full of point, pointed, pithy, antithetical; sententious.

lofty, elevated, sublime; eloquent; vehement, petulant, impassioned; poetic.

Adv. in glowing terms, in good set terms, in no measured terms.

Phr. "thoughts that breath and words that burn" [Gray].
#575. Feebleness. -- N. feebleness &c. adj.

Adj. feeble, bald, tame, meager, jejune, vapid, bland, trashy, lukewarm, cold, frigid, poor, dull, dry, languid; colorless, enervated; proposing, prosy, prosaic; unvaried, monotonous, weak, washy, wishy-washy; sketchy, slight.

careless, slovenly, loose, lax (negligent) 460; slipshod, slipslop[obs3]; inexact; puerile, childish; flatulent; rambling &c. (diffuse) 573.


#576. Plainness. -- N. plainness &c. adj.; simplicity, severity; plain terms, plain English; Saxon English; household words

V. call a spade "a spade"; plunge in medias res; come to the point.

Adj. plain, simple; unornamented, unadorned, unvarnished; homely, homespun; neat; severe, chaste, pure, Saxon; commonplace, matter-of-fact, natural, prosaic.

dry, unvaried,monotonous &c. 575.



Adv. in plain terms, in plain words, in plain English, in plain common parlance; point-blank.
#577. Ornament. -- N. ornament; floridness c[obs3]. adj. turgidity, turgescence[obs3]; altiloquence &c. adj[obs3].; declamation, teratology[obs2]; well-rounded periods; elegance &c. 578; orotundity.

inversion, antithesis, alliteration, paronomasia; figurativeness &c. (metaphor) 521.

flourish; flowers of speech, flowers of rhetoric; frills of style, euphuism[obs3], euphemism.

big-sounding words, high-sounding words; macrology[obs3], sesquipedalia verba[Lat], Alexandrine; inflation, pretension; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run mad; fine writing; sesquipedality[obs3]; Minerva press.

phrasemonger; euphuist[obs3], euphemist.

V. ornament, overlay with ornament, overcharge; smell of the lamp.

Adj. ornament &c. v.; beautified &c. 847; ornate, florid, rich, flowery; euphuistic[obs3], euphemistic; sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; inflated, swelling, tumid; turgid, turgescent; pedantic, pompous, stilted; orotund; high flown, high flowing; sententious, rhetorical, declamatory; grandiose; grandiloquent, magniloquent, altiloquent[obs3]; sesquipedal[obs3], sesquipedalian; Johnsonian, mouthy; bombastic; fustian; frothy, flashy, flaming.

antithetical, alliterative; figurative &c. 521; artificial &c. (inelegant) 579.



Adv. ore rutundo[Lat].
#578. Elegance. -- N. elegance, purity, grace, ease; gracefulness, readiness &c. adj.; concinnity[obs3], euphony, numerosity[obs3]; Atticism[obs3], classicalism[obs3], classicism.

well rounded periods, well turned periods, flowing periods; the right word in the right place; antithesis &c. 577.

*purist.

V. point an antithesis, round a period.

Adj. elegant, polished, classical, Attic, correct, Ciceronian, artistic; chaste, pure, Saxon, academical[obs3].

graceful, easy, readable, fluent, flowing, tripping; unaffected, natural, unlabored[obs3]; mellifluous; euphonious, euphemism, euphemistic; numerose[obs1], rhythmical.

felicitous, happy, neat; well put, neatly put, well expressed, neatly expressed
#579. Inelegance. -- N. inelegance; stiffness &c. adj.; "unlettered Muse" [Gray]; barbarism; slang &c. 563; solecism &c. 568; mannerism &c. (affectation) 855; euphuism[obs3]; fustian &c. 577; cacophony; words that break the teeth, words that dislocate the jaw; marinism[obs3].

V. be inelegant &c. adj.

Adj. inelegant, graceless, ungraceful; harsh, abrupt; dry, stiff, cramped, formal, guinde[Fr]; forced, labored; artificial, mannered, ponderous; awkward, uncourtly[obs3], unpolished; turgid &c. 577; affected, euphuistic[obs3]; barbarous, uncouth, grotesque, rude, crude, halting; offensive to ears polite.
M8.1.3.3.2.3 Spoken Language R580 to R589

<-- 580. Voice 581. Aphony
582 Speech 583. Stammering

584. Loquacity 585. Taciturnity

586 Allocution 587. Response

588 Interlocution 589. Soliloquy

-->

#580. Voice. -- N. voice; vocality[obs3]; organ, lungs, bellows; good voice, fine voice, powerful voice &c. (loud) 404;, musical voice &c. 413; intonation; tone of voice &c. (sound) 402 .

vocalization; cry &c. 411; strain, utterance, prolation[obs3]; exclamation, ejaculation, vociferation, ecphonesis[obs3]; enunciation, articulation; articulate sound, distinctness; clearness, of articulation; stage whisper; delivery.

accent, accentuation; emphasis, stress; broad accent, strong accent, pure accent, native accent, foreign accent; pronunciation.

[Word similarly pronounced] homonym.

orthoepy[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3]; euphony &c. (melody) 413.

gastriloquism[obs3], ventriloquism; ventriloquist; polyphonism[obs3], polyphonist[obs3].

[Science of voice] phonology &c. (sound) 402.

V. utter, breathe; give utterance, give tongue; cry &c. (shout) 411; ejaculate, rap out; vocalize, prolate[obs1], articulate, enunciate, pronounce, accentuate, aspirate, deliver, mouth; whisper in the ear.

Adj. vocal, phonetic, oral; ejaculatory, articulate, distinct, stertorous; euphonious &c. (melodious) 413.

Phr. "how sweetly sounds the voice of a good woman" [Massinger]; "the organ of the soul" [Longfellow]; "thy voice is a celestial melody" [Longfellow].
#581. Aphony. -- N. aphony[obs3], aphonia[obs3]; dumbness &c. adj.; obmutescence[obs3]; absence of voice, want of voice; dysphony[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3]; silence &c. (taciturnity) 585; raucity[obs3]; harsh voice &c. 410 , unmusical voice &c. 414 ; falsetto, "childish treble mute"; dummy.

V. keep silence &c. 585; speak low, speak softly; whisper &c. (faintness) 405.

silence; render mute, render silent; muzzle, muffle, suppress, smother, gag, strike dumb, dumfounder; drown the voice, put to silence, stop one's mouth, cut one short.

stick in the throat.

Adj. aphonous[obs3], dumb, mute; deaf-mute, deaf and dumb; mum; tongue-tied; breathless, tongueless, voiceless, speechless, wordless; mute as a fish, mute as a stockfish[obs3], mute as a mackerel; silent &c. (taciturn) 585; muzzled; inarticulate, inaudible.

croaking, raucous, hoarse, husky, dry, hollow, sepulchral, hoarse as a raven; rough.



Adv. with bated breath, with the finger on the lips; sotto voce[Lat]; in a low tone, in a cracked voice, in a broken voice.

Phr. vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil].
#582. Speech. -- N. speech, faculty of speech; locution, talk, parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation[obs3], oral communication, word of mouth, parole, palaver, prattle; effusion.

oration, recitation, delivery, say, speech, lecture, harangue, sermon, tirade, formal speech, peroration; speechifying; soliloquy &c. 589; allocution &c. 586; conversation &c. 588; salutatory : screed: valedictory [U.S.][U.S.].

oratory; elocution, eloquence; rhetoric, declamation; grandiloquence, multiloquence[obs3]; burst of eloquence; facundity[obs3]; flow of words, command of words, command of language; copia verborum[Lat]; power of speech, gift of the gab; usus loquendi[Lat].

speaker &c. v.; spokesman; prolocutor, interlocutor; mouthpiece, Hermes; orator, oratrix[obs3], oratress[obs3]; Demosthenes, Cicero; rhetorician; stump orator, platform orator; speechmaker, patterer[obs3], improvisatore[obs3].



V. speak of; say, utter, pronounce, deliver, give utterance to; utter forth, pour forth; breathe, let fall, come out with; rap out, blurt out have on one's lips; have at the end of one's tongue, have at the tip of one's tongue.

break silence; open one's lips, open one's mouth; lift one's voice, raise one's voice; give the tongue, wag the tongue; talk, outspeak[obs3]; put in a word or two.

hold forth; make a speech,.deliver a speech &c. n.; speechify, harangue, declaim, stump, flourish, recite, lecture, sermonize, discourse, be on one's legs; have one's say, say one's say; spout, rant, rave, vent one's fury, vent one's rage; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; speak one's mind, go on the stump, take the stump [U. S.].

soliloquize &c. 589; tell &c. (inform) 527; speak to &c. 586; talk together &c. 588.

be eloquent &c. adj; have a tongue in one's head, have the gift of the gab &c. n.

pass one's lips, escape one's lips; fall from the lips, fall from the mouth.



Adj. speaking &c., spoken &c. v.; oral, lingual, phonetic, not written, unwritten, outspoken; eloquent, elocutionary; oratorical, rhetorical; declamatory; grandiloquent &c. 577; talkative &c. 584; Ciceronian, nuncupative, Tullian.

Adv. orally &c. adj.; by word of mouth, viva voce, from the lips of.

Phr. quoth he, said he &c.; "action is eloquence" [Coriolanus]; "pour the full tide of eloquence along" [Pope]; "she speaks poignards and every word stabs" [Much Ado About Nothing]; "speech is but broken light upon the depth of the unspoken [G. Eliot]; "to try thy eloquence now 'tis time [Antony and Cleopatra].
#583. [Imperfect Speech.] Stammering. -- N. inarticulateness; stammering &c. v.; hesitation &c. v.; impediment in one's speech; titubancy[obs3], traulism[obs1]; mumbling; whisper &c. (faint sound) 405; lisp, drawl, tardiloquence[obs3]; nasal tone, nasal accent; twang; falsetto &c. (want of voice) 581; broken voice, broken accents, broken sentences.

brogue &c. 563; slip of the tongue, lapsus linouae[Lat].



V. stammer, stutter, hesitate, falter, hammer; balbutiate[obs1], balbucinate[obs1], haw, hum and haw, be unable to put two words together.

mumble, mutter; maud[obs1], mauder[obs3]; whisper &c. 405; mince, lisp; jabber, gibber; sputter, splutter; muffle, mump[obs3]; drawl, mouth; croak; speak thick, speak through the nose; snuffle, clip one's words; murder the language, murder the King's English, murder the Queen's English; mispronounce, missay[obs3].



Adj. stammering &c. v.; inarticulate, guttural, nasal; tremulous; affected.

Adv. sotto voce &c. (faintly) 405[Lat].
#584. Loquacity. -- N. loquacity, loquaciousness, logorrhea; talkativeness &c. adj.; garrulity; multiloquence[obs3], much speaking.

jaw; gabble; jabber, chatter; prate, prattle, cackle, clack; twaddle, twattle, rattle; caquet[obs3], caquetterie[Fr]; blabber, bavardage[obs3], bibble-babble[obs3], gibble-gabble[obs3]; small talk &c. (converse) 588.

fluency, flippancy, volubility, flowing, tongue; flow of words;.flux de bouche[Fr], flux de mots[Fr]; copia verborum[Lat], cacoethes loquendi[Lat]; furor loquendi[Lat]; verbosity &c. (diffuseness) 573; gift of the gab &c. (eloquence) 582.

[person who is loquacious] to HROLE Chatterer P2.3.2.3.



V. be loquacious &c. adj.; talk glibly, pour forth, patter; prate, palaver, prose, chatter, prattle, clack, jabber, jaw; blather, blatter[obs3], blether[obs3]; rattle, rattle on; twaddle, twattle; babble, gabble; outtalk; talk oneself out of breath, talk oneself hoarse; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; gossip &c. (converse) 588; din in the ears &c. (repeat) 104; talk at random, talk nonsense &c. 497; be hoarse with talking.

Adj. loquacious, talkative, garrulous, verbose, logorrheic, linguacious[obs1], multiloquous[obs3]; largiloquent[obs1]; chattering &c. v.; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; declamatory &c. 582; open-mouthed.

fluent, voluble, glib, flippant; long tongued, long winded &c. (diffuse) 573.



Adv. trippingly on the tongue; glibly &c. adj.; off the reel.

Phr. the tongue running fast, the tongue running loose, the tongue running on wheels; all talk and no cider; "foul whisperings are abroad" [Macbeth]; "what a spendthrift is he of his tongue!" [Tempest].
#585. Taciturnity. -- N. silence, muteness, obmutescence[obs3]; taciturnity, pauciloquy[obs3], costiveness[obs1], curtness; reserve, reticence &c. (concealment) 528.

man of few words.



V. be silent &c. adj.; keep silence, keep mum; hold one's tongue, hold one's peace, hold one's jaw; not speak. &c. 582; say nothing, keep one's counsel; seal the lips, close the lips, button the lips, zipper the lips, put a padlock on the lips, put a padlock on the mouth; put a bridle on one's tongue; bite one's tongue, keep one's tongue between one's teeth; make no sign, not let a word escape one; keep a secret &c. 528; not have a word to say; hush up, hush, lay the finger on the lips, place the finger on the lips; render mute &c. 581.

stick in one's throat.



Adj. silent, mute, mum; silent as a post, silent as a stone, silent as the grave &c. (still) 403; dumb &c. 581; unconversable[obs3].

taciturn, sparing of words; close-tongued; costive[obs1], inconversable[obs1], curt; reserved; reticent &c. (concealing) 528.



Int. shush! tush! silence! mum! hush! chut[obs3]! hist! tut! chup[obs3]! mum's the word; keep your mouth shut![vulgar].

Phr. cave quid dicis quando et cui[Lat]; volto sciolto i pensieri stretti[It].
#586. Allocution. -- N. allocution, alloquy[obs1], address; speech &c. 582; apostrophe, interpellation, appeal, invocation, salutation; word in the ear.

[Feigned dialogue] dialogism[obs3].

platform &c. 542; plank; audience &c. (interview) 588.

V. speak to, address, accost, make up to, apostrophize, appeal to, invoke; ball, salute; call to, halloo.

take aside, take by the button; talk to in private.

lecture &c. (make a speech) 582.

Int. soho[obs3]! halloo! hey! hist!
#587. Response -- N. &c., see Answer 462.
#588. Conversation. -- N. conversation, interlocution; collocution[obs3], colloquy, converse, confabulation, talk, discourse, verbal intercourse; oral communication, commerce; dialogue, duologue, trialogue.

causerie, chat, chitchat; small talk, table talk, teatable talk[obs3], town talk, village talk, idle talk; tattle, gossip, tittle-tattle; babble, babblement[obs3]; tripotage[obs3], cackle, prittle-prattle[obs3], cancan, on dit[Fr]; talk of the town, talk of the village.

conference, parley, interview, audience, pourparler; tete-a-tete; reception, conversazione[It]; congress &c. (council) 696; powwow [U. S.].

hall of audience, durbar[obs3].

palaver, debate, logomachy[obs3], war of words.

gossip, tattler; Paul Pry; tabby; chatterer &c. (loquacity) 584; interlocutor &c. (spokesman) 582; conversationist[obs3], dialogist[obs3].

"the feast of reason and the flow of soul" [Pope]; mollia tempora fandi[Lat][obs3].



V. talk together, converse, confabulate; hold on a conversation, carry on a conversation, join in a conversation, engage in a conversation; put in a word; shine in conversation; bandy words; parley; palaver; chat, gossip, tattle; prate &c. (loquacity) 584; powwow [U.S.]..

discourse with, confer with, commune with, commerce with; hold converse, hold conference, hold intercourse; talk it over; be closeted with; talk with one in private, tete-a-tete.



Adj. conversing &c. v.; interlocutory; conversational, conversable[obs3]; discursive, discoursive[obs3]; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; colloquial.

Phr. "with thee conversing I forget all time" [Paradise Lost].
#589. Soliloquy. -- N. soliloquy, monologue, apostrophe; monology[obs3].

V. Soliloquize; say to oneself, talk to oneself; say aside, think aloud, apostrophize.

Adj. soliloquizing &c. v.

Adv. aside.

M8.1.3.3.2.4 Written Language R590 to R599 [[writing]]

<-- 590 Writing 591. Printing

692; Correspondence 593. Book

594. Description

595. Dissertation

596. Compendium

597. Poetry 598. Prose

599. The Drama

-->

<-- R590, writing appears to refer to handwriting originally, but here we use it to represent any type of writing, i.e. setting words to a recorder form. The following entry, printing, will refer to the mechanical aspects of print publishing. Printed documents are here at R590. -->

#590. Writing. -- N. document, writing &c. v.; chirography, stelography[obs3], cerography[obs3]; penmanship, craftmanship[obs3]; quill driving; typewriting.

writing, text, manuscript, MS, literae scriptae[Lat]; these presents.

stroke of the pen, dash of the pen; coupe de plume; line; headline; pen and ink.

letter &c. 561; uncial writing, cuneiform character, arrowhead, Ogham, Runes, hieroglyphic; contraction; Brahmi[obs3], Devanagari, Nagari; script.

shorthand; stenography, brachygraphy[obs3], tachygraphy[obs3]; secret writing, writing in cipher; cryptography, stenography; phonography[obs3], pasigraphy[obs3], Polygraphy[obs3], logography[obs3].

copy; transcript, rescript; rough copy, fair copy; handwriting; signature, sign manual; autograph, monograph, holograph; hand, fist.

calligraphy; good hand, running hand, flowing hand, cursive hand, legible hand, bold hand.

cacography[obs3], griffonage[obs3], barbouillage[obs3]; bad hand, cramped hand, crabbed hand, illegible hand; scribble &c. v.; pattes de mouche[Fr]; ill-formed letters; pothooks and hangers.

{{uses: writing materials, R635c, }}.

{{has_subtype(copy,R21)}} mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint; photo offset.

[ref: copy, R21].

inscription &c. (record) 551; superscription &c. (indication) 550; graphology.

composition, authorship; cacoethes scribendi[Lat]; graphoidea[obs3], graphomania[obs3]; phrenoia[obs3].

{{has_subtype}} dictation.

{{has_subtype}} printing, text; folio &c. (book) 593; copy, impression, pull, proof, revise; author's proof, galley proof, press proof; press revise.

{{has_subtype(printing)}} the press &c. (publication) 531.

{{has_part(printing)}} page; column; context; running header, footnote, reference, glossary.

{{&has_part(document)}} {{has_subtype(ornament, R846)}} {{has_subtype(picture, P2.3.1.3.6.1): illustration, illumination; vignette, initial letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece}}.
<-- [person who writes] writer to HROLE -->

V. write, pen; copy, engross; write out, write out fair; transcribe; scribble, scrawl, scrabble, scratch; interline; stain paper; write down &c. (record) 551; sign &c. (attest) 467; enface[obs3].

compose, indite, draw up, draft, formulate; dictate; inscribe, throw on paper, dash off; manifold.

take up the pen, take pen in hand; shed ink, spill ink, dip one's pen in ink.

Adj. writing &c. v.; written &c. v.; in writing, in black and white; under one's hand.

uncial, Runic, cuneiform, hieroglyphical[obs3].



Adv. currente calamo[Sp]; pen in hand.

Phr. audacter et sincere[Lat]; le style est l'homme meme [Fr]; "nature's noblest gift - my gray goose quill" [Byron]; scribendi recte sapere et principium et fons [Lat][Horace]; "that mighty instrument of little men" [Byron]; "the pen became a clarion" [Longfellow].
<-- printing here refers to the act of printing & its associated concepts; the physical product is under writing, R590, above -->

#591. Printing. -- N. printing; block printing, type printing; plate printing &c. 558 [engraving]; composition.

print, letterpress.

typography; stereotype, electrotype, aprotype[obs3]; type, black letter, font, fount; pi, pie; capitals &c. (letters) 561; brevier[obs3], bourgeois, pica &c.

boldface, capitals, caps., catchword; composing-frame, composing room, composing rule, composing stand, composing stick; italics, justification, linotype, live matter, logotype; lower case, upper case; make-up, matrix, matter, monotype[obs3], point system: 4-1/2, 5, 5-1/2, 6, 7, 8 point, etc.; press room, press work; reglet[obs3], roman; running head, running title; scale, serif, shank, sheet work, shoulder, signature, slug, underlay.

printer, compositor, reader; printer's devil copyholder.

V. print; compose; put to press, go to press; pass through the press, see through the press; publish &c. 531; bring out; appear in print, rush into print; distribute, makeup, mortise, offset, overrun, rout.

Adj. printed &c. v.; in type; typographical &c. n.; solid in galleys.
#592. Correspondence. -- N. correspondence, letter, epistle, note, billet, post card, missive, circular, favor, billet-doux; chit, chitty[obs3], letter card, picture post card; postal [U.S.], card; despatch; dispatch; bulletin, these presents; rescript, rescription[obs3]; post &c. (messenger) 534.

V. correspond with; write to, send a letter to; keep up a correspondence.

Adj. epistolary.

Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].
<-- Book, periodical should be separated -->
#593. Book. -- N. booklet; writing, work, volume, tome, opuscule[obs3]; tract, tractate[obs3]; livret[obs3]; brochure, libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion[obs3], circular, publication; chap book.

part, issue, number livraison[Fr]; album, portfolio; periodical, serial, magazine, ephemeris, annual, journal.

paper, bill, sheet, broadsheet[obs3]; leaf, leaflet; fly leaf, page; quire, ream

[subdivisions of a book] chapter, section, head, article, paragraph, passage, clause; endpapers, frontispiece; cover, binding.

folio, quarto, octavo; duodecimo[obs3], sextodecimo[obs3], octodecimo[obs3].

encyclopedia; encompilation[obs3].

[collection of books] library, bibliotheca[obs3].

press &c. (publication) 531.

[complete description] definitive work, treatise, comprehensive treatise (dissertation) 595.

<-- [person who writes a book] to HROLE -->

<-- [person who sells books] to HROLE -->

knowledge of books, bibliography; book learning &c. (knowledge) 490.



Phr. "among the giant fossils of my past" [E. B. Browning]; craignez tout d'un auteur en courroux[Fr]; "for authors nobler palms remain" [Pope]; "I lived to write and wrote to live" [Rogers]; "look in thy heart and write" [Sidney]; "there is no Past so long as Books shall live" [Bulwer Lytton]; "the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers" [Disraeli]; "volumes that I prize above my dukedom" [Tempest].
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