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#594. Description. -- N. description, account, statement, report; expose &c. (disclosure) 529 specification, particulars; state of facts, summary of facts; brief &c. (abstract) 596; return &c. (record) 551; catalogue raisonne &c. (list) 86[Fr]; guidebook &c. (information) 527.

delineation &c. (representation) 554; sketch; monograph; minute account, detailed particular account, circumstantial account, graphic account; narration, recital, rehearsal, relation.

historiography[obs3], chronography[obs3]; historic Muse, Clio; history; biography, autobiography; necrology, obituary.

narrative, history; memoir, memorials; annals &c. (chronicle) 551; saga; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette[obs3]; personal narrative, journal, life, adventures, fortunes, experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana[obs3], trait.

work of fiction, novel, romance, Minerva press; fairy tale, nursery tale; fable, parable, apologue[obs3]; dime novel, penny dreadful, shilling shocker

relator &c. v.; raconteur, historian &c. (recorder) 553; biographer, fabulist[obs3], novelist.



V. describe; set forth &c. (state) 535; draw a picture, picture; portray &c. (represent) 554; characterize, particularize; narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up, run over, recapitulate, rehearse, fight one's battles over again.

unfold a tale &c. (disclose) 529 ; tell; give an account of, render an account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement.

detail; enter into particulars, enter into details, descend to particulars , descend to details,; itemize.

Adj. descriptive, graphic, narrative, epic, suggestive, well-drawn; historic; traditional, traditionary; legendary; anecdotic[obs3], storied; described &c. v.

Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].
#595. Dissertation. -- N. dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis, theme; monograph, tract, tractate[obs3], tractation[obs3]; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect[obs3]; excursus.

commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; leader, leading article; editorial; running commentary.

investigation &c. (inquiry) 461; study &c. (consideration) 451; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476; exposition &c. (explanation) 522.

commentator, critic, essayist, pamphleteer.



V. expound upon a subject, dissert upon a subject[obs3], descant upon a subject, write upon a subject, touch upon a subject; treat a subject, treat a subject thoroughly, treat of a subject, take up a subject, ventilate a subject, discuss a subject, deal with a subject, go into a subject, go into a subject at length, canvass a subject, handle a subject, do justice to a subject.

[oral dissertation] hold forth, discourse, delve into.



Adj. discursive, discoursive[obs3]; disquisitionary[obs3]; expository.
#596. Compendium. -- N. compend, compendium; abstract, precis, epitome, multum in parvo[Lat], analysis, pandect[obs3], digest, sum and substance, brief, abridgment, summary, apercu, draft, minute, note; excerpt; synopsis, textbook, conspectus, outlines, syllabus, contents, heads, prospectus.

album; scrap book, note book, memorandum book, commonplace book; extracts, excerpta[obs3], cuttings; fugitive pieces, fugitive writing; spicilegium[obs3], flowers, anthology, collectanea[obs3], analecta[obs3]; compilation.

recapitulation, resume, review.

abbreviation, abbreviature[obs3]; contraction; shortening &c. 201; compression &c. 195.



V. abridge, abstract, epitomize, summarize; make an abstract, prepare an abstract, draw an abstract, compile an abstract &c. n.

recapitulate, review, skim, run over, sum up.

abbreviate &c. (shorten) 201; condense &c. (compress) 195; compile &c. (collect) 72.

Adj. compendious, synoptic, analectic[obs3]; abrege[Fr], abridged &c. v.; variorum[obs3].

Adv. in short, in epitome, in substance, in few words.

Phr. it lies in a nutshell.
#597. Poetry. -- N. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful Nine, Parnassus, Helicon[obs3], Pierides, Pierian spring.

versification, rhyming, making verses; prosody, orthometry[obs3].

poem; epic, epic poem; epopee[obs3], epopoea, ode, epode[obs3], idyl, lyric, eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic[obs3], sonnet, roundelay, rondeau[Fr], rondo, madrigal, canzonet[obs3], cento[obs3], *monody, elegy; amoebaeum, ghazal[obs3], palinode.

dramatic poetry, lyric poetry; opera; posy, anthology; disjecta membra poetae

song[Lat], ballad, lay; love song, drinking song, war song, sea song; lullaby; music &c. 415; nursery rhymes.

[Bad poetry] doggerel, Hudibrastic verse[obs3], prose run mad; macaronics[obs3]; macaronic verse[obs3], leonine verse; runes.

canto, stanza, distich, verse, line, couplet, triplet, quatrain; strophe, antistrophe[obs3].

verse, rhyme, assonance, crambo[obs3], meter, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm; accentuation &c. (voice) 580; dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapest &c.; hexameter, pentameter; Alexandrine; anacrusis[obs3], antispast[obs3], blank verse, ictus.

elegiacs &c. adj.; elegiac verse, elegaic meter, elegaic poetry.

poet, poet laureate; laureate; bard, lyrist[obs3], scald, skald[obs3], troubadour, trouvere[Fr]; minstrel; minnesinger, meistersinger[Ger]; improvisatore[obs3]; versifier, sonneteer; rhymer, rhymist[obs3], rhymester; ballad monger, runer[obs3]; poetaster; genus irritabile vatum [Latin].



V. poetize, sing, versify, make verses, rhyme, scan.

Adj. poetic, poetical; lyric, lyrical, tuneful, epic, dithyrambic &c. n.; metrical; a catalectin[obs3]; elegiac, iambic, trochaic, anapestic[obs3]; amoebaeic, Melibean, skaldic[obs3]; Ionic, Sapphic, Alcaic[obs3], Pindaric.

Phr. "a poem round and perfect as a star" [Alex. Smith]; Dichtung und Wahrheit [Ger]; furor poeticus[Lat]; "his virtues formed the magic of his song" [Hayley]; "I do but sing because I must" [Tennyson]; "I learnt life from the poets" [de Stael]; licentia vatum[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat]; "O for a muse of fire!" [Henry V]; "sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge" [Sidney]; "the true poem is the poet's mind" [Emerson]; Volk der Dichter und Denker[Ger]; "wisdom married to immortal verse" [Wordsworth].
#598. Prose. -- N. prose, prose writer. prosaicism[obs3], prosaism[obs3], prosaist[obs3], proser[obs3].

V. prose.

write prose, write in prose.



Adj. prosal[obs3],prosy, prosaic; unpoetic, unpoetical[obs3].

rhymeless[obs3], unrhymed, in prose, not in verse.


#599. The Drama. -- N. the drama, the stage, the theater, the play; film the film, movies, motion pictures, cinema, cinematography; theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothurnus[obs3], Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis.

play, drama, stage play, piece[Fr], five-act play, tragedy, comedy, opera, vaudeville, comedietta[obs3], lever de rideau[Fr], interlude, afterpiece[obs3], exode[obs3], farce, divertissement, extravaganza, burletta[obs3], harlequinade[obs3], pantomime, burlesque, opera bouffe[Fr], ballet, spectacle, masque, drame comedie drame[Fr]; melodrama, melodrame[obs3]; comidie larmoyante[Fr], sensation drama; tragicomedy, farcical-comedy; monodrame monologue[obs3];duologue trilogy; charade, proverbs; mystery, miracle play; musical, musical comedy.

[movies] western, horse opera; flick [coll.]; spy film, love story, adventure film, documentary, nature film; pornographic film, smoker, skin flick, X-rated film.

act, scene, tableau; induction, introduction; prologue, epilogue; libretto.

performance, representation, mise en scene[French], stagery[obs3], jeu de theatre[French]; acting; gesture &c. 550; impersonation &c. 554; stage business, gag, buffoonery.

light comedy, genteel comedy, low comedy.

theater; playhouse, opera house; house; music hall; amphitheater, circus, hippodrome, theater in the round; puppet show, fantoccini[obs3]; marionettes, Punch and Judy.

auditory, auditorium, front of the house, stalls, boxes, pit, gallery, parquet; greenroom, coulisses[Fr].

flat; drop, drop scene; wing, screen, side scene; transformation scene, curtain, act drop; proscenium.

stage, scene, scenery, the boards; trap, mezzanine floor; flies; floats, footlights; offstage; orchestra.

theatrical costume, theatrical properties.

movie studio, back lot, on location.

part, role, character, dramatis personae[Lat]; repertoire.

actor, thespian, player; method actor; stage player, strolling player; stager, performer; mime, mimer[obs3]; artists; comedian, tragedian; tragedienne, Roscius; star, movie star, star of stage and screen, superstar, idol, sex symbol; supporting actor, supporting cast; ham, hamfatter *[obs3]; masker[obs3]. pantomimist, clown harlequin, buffo[obs3], buffoon, farceur, grimacer, pantaloon, columbine; punchinello[obs3]; pulcinello[obs3], pulcinella[obs3]; extra, bit-player, walk-on role, cameo appearance; mute, figurante[obs3], general utility; super, supernumerary.

company; first tragedian, prima donna[Sp], protagonist; jeune premier[French]; debutant, debutante[French]; light comedian, genteel comedian, low comedian; walking gentleman, amoroso[obs3], heavy father, ingenue[French], jeune veuve[French].

mummer, guiser[obs3], guisard[obs3], gysart [obs1], masque.

mountebank, Jack Pudding; tumbler, posture master, acrobat; contortionist; ballet dancer, ballet girl; chorus singer; coryphee danseuse[Fr].

property man, costumier, machinist; prompter, call boy; manager; director, stage manager, acting manager.

producer, entrepreneur, impresario; backer, investor, angel[fig].

dramatic author, dramatic writer; play writer, playwright; dramatist, mimographer[obs3].



V. act, play, perform; put on the stage; personate &c. 554; mimic &c. (imitate) 19; enact; play a part, act a part, go through a part, perform a part; rehearse, spout, gag, rant; "strut and fret one's hour upon a stage"; tread the boards, tread the stage; come out; star it.

Adj. dramatic; theatric, theatrical; scenic, histrionic, comic, tragic, buskined[obs3], farcical, tragicomic, melodramatic, operatic; stagy.

Adv. on the stage, on the boards; on film; before the floats, before an audience; behind the scenes.

Phr. fere totus mundus exercet histrionem [Lat][Petronius Arbiter]; "suit the action to the word, the word to the action" [Hamlet]; "the play's the thing" [Hamlet]; "to wake the soul by tender strokes of art" [Pope].

M8.2 Antagonism, competition, cooperation (R704 to R728) [[antagonism]]

<-- (include WN verb class 4)

1. Conditional (Passive) Antagonism

704. Difficulty 705. Facility



2. Active

706. Hindrance 707. Aid

708. Opposition 709. Cooperation

Note: 710. Opponent and 711. Auxiliary to person

712. Party to HGROUP

713. Discord 714. Concord

715. Defiance

716. Attack 717. Defense

718. Retaliation 719. Resistance

720. Contention 721. Peace

722. Warfare 723. Pacification

724. Mediation

725. Submission

NOte: R726 Combatant to..P2.3.2.3.2.5.44 (person who does x)

727. Arms

728. Arena

-->

#704. Difficulty. -- N. difficulty; hardness &c. adj.; impracticability &c. (impossibility) 471; tough work, hard work, uphill work; hard task, Herculean task, Augean task[obs3]; task of Sisyphus, Sisyphean labor, tough job, teaser, rasper[obs3], dead lift.

dilemma, embarrassment; deadlock; perplexity &c. (uncertainty) 475; intricacy; entanglement, complexity &c. 59; cross fire; awkwardness, delicacy, ticklish card to play, knot, Gordian knot, dignus vindice nodus[Lat], net, meshes, maze; coil &c. (convolution) 248; crooked path; involvement.

nice point, delicate point, subtle point, knotty point; vexed question, vexata quaestio[Lat], poser; puzzle &c. (riddle) 533; paradox; hard nut to crack, nut to crack; bone to pick, crux, pons asinorum[Lat], where the shoe pinches.

nonplus, quandary, strait, pass, pinch, pretty pass, stress, brunt; critical situation, crisis; trial, rub, emergency, exigency, scramble.

scrape, hobble, slough, quagmire, hot water, hornet's nest; sea of troubles, peck of troubles; pretty kettle of fish; pickle, stew, imbroglio, mess, ado; false position.

set fast, stand, standstill; deadlock, dead set.

fix, horns of a dilemma, cul de sac[Fr]; hitch; stumbling block &c. (hindrance) 706.

[difficult person] crab; curmudgeon.



V. be difficult &c. adj.; run one hard, go against the grain, try one's patience, put one out; put to one's shifts, put to one's wit's end; go hard with one, try one; pose, perplex &c. (uncertain) 475; bother, nonplus, gravel, bring to a deadlock; be impossible &c. 471; be in the way of &c. (hinder) 706.

meet with difficulties; labor under difficulties; get into difficulties; plunge into difficulties; struggle with difficulties; contend with difficulties; grapple with difficulties; labor under a disadvantage; be in difficulty &c. adj.

fish in troubled waters, buffet the waves, swim against the stream, scud under bare poles.

Have much ado with, have a hard time of it; come to the push, come to the pinch; bear the brunt.

grope in the dark, lose one's way, weave a tangled web, walk among eggs.

get into a scrape &c. n.; bring a hornet's nest about one's ears; be put to one's shifts; flounder, boggle, struggle; not know which way to turn &c. (uncertain) 475; perdre son Latin[Fr]; stick at, stick in the mud, stick fast; come to a stand, come to a standstill, come to a deadlock; hold the wolf by the ears, hold the tiger by the tail.

render difficult &c. adj.; enmesh, encumber, embarrass, ravel, entangle; put a spoke in the wheel &c. (hinder) 706; lead a pretty dance.

Adj. difficult, not easy, hard, tough; troublesome, toilsome, irksome; operose[obs3], laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable; sooner said than done; more easily said than done, easier said than done.

difficult to deal with[pertaining to person's disposition sensu 802], hard to deal with; ill-conditioned, crabbed, crabby; not to be handled with kid gloves, not made with rose water.

awkward, unwieldy, unmanageable; intractable, stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606; perverse, refractory, plaguy[obs3], trying, thorny, rugged; knotted, knotty; invious[obs1]; pathless, trackless; labyrinthine &c. (convoluted) 248; intricate, complicated &c. (tangled) 59; impracticable &c. (impossible) 471; not feasible &c. 470; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859.

embarrassing, perplexing &c. (uncertain) 475; delicate, ticklish, critical; beset with difficulties, full of difficulties, surrounded by difficulties, entangled by difficulties, encompassed with difficulties.

under a difficulty; in a box; in difficulty, in hot water, in the suds, in a cleft stick, in a fix, in the wrong box, in a scrape &c.n., in deep water, in a fine pickle; in extremis; between two stools, between Scylla and Charybdis; surrounded by shoals, surrounded by breakers, surrounded by quicksands; at cross purposes; not out of the wood.

reduced to straits; hard pressed, sorely pressed; run hard; pinched, put to it, straitened; hard up, hard put to it, hard set; put to one's shifts; puzzled, at a loss, &c. (uncertain) 475; at the end of one's tether, at the end of one's rope, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus, at a standstill; graveled, nonplused, nonplussed, stranded, aground; stuck fast, set fast; up a tree, at bay, aux abois[Fr], driven into a corner, driven from pillar to post, driven to extremity, driven to one's wit's end, driven to the wall; au bout de son Latin; out of one's depth; thrown out.

accomplished with difficulty; hard-fought, hard-earned.

Adv. with difficulty, with much ado; barely, hardly &c. adj.; uphill; against the stream, against the grain; d rebours[Fr]; invita Minerva[Lat]; in the teeth of; at a pinch, upon a pinch; at long odds, against long odds.

Phr. "ay there's the rub" [Hamlet]; hic labor hoc opus [Lat][Vergil]; things are come to a pretty pass, ab inconvenienti[Lat]; ad astra per aspera[Lat]; acun chemin de fleurs ne conduit a la gloire[Fr].
#705. Facility. -- N. facility, ease; easiness &c. adj.; capability; feasibility &c. (practicability) 470; flexibility, pliancy &c. 324; smoothness &c. 255.

plain sailing, smooth sailing, straight sailing; mere child's play, holiday task; cinch [U.S.].

smooth water, fair wind; smooth royal road; clear coast, clear stage; tabula rasa[Lat]; full play &c. (freedom) 748.

disencumbrance[obs3], disentanglement; deoppilation[obs2]; permission &c. 760.

simplicity, lack of complication.

V. be easy &c. adj.; go on smoothly, run smoothly; have full play &c. n.; go on all fours, run on all fours; obey the helm, work well.

flow with the stream, swim with the stream, drift with the stream, go with the stream, flow with the tide, drift with the tide; see one's way; have all one's own way, have the game in one's own hands; walk over the course, win at a canter; make light of, make nothing of, make no bones of.

be at home in, make it look easy, do it with one's eyes closed, do it in one's sleep &c. (skillful) 698.

render easy &c. adj.; facilitate, smooth, ease; popularize; lighten, lighten the labor; free, clear; disencumber, disembarrass, disentangle, disengage; deobstruct[obs3], unclog, extricate, unravel; untie the knot, cut the knot; disburden, unload, exonerate, emancipate, free from, deoppilate[obs2]; humor &c. (aid) 707; lubricate &c. 332; relieve &c. 834.

leave a hole to creep out of, leave a loophole, leave the matter open; give the reins to, give full play, give full swing; make way for; open the door to, open the way, prepare the ground, smooth the ground, clear the ground, open the way, open the path, open the road; pave the way, bridge over; permit &c. 760.

Adj. easy, facile; feasible &c. (practicable) 470; easily managed, easily accomplished; within reach, accessible, easy of access, for the million, open to.
#706. Hindrance. -- N. prevention, preclusion, obstruction, stoppage; embolus, interruption, interception, interclusion[obs1]; hindrance, impediment, impedition[obs1]; retardment[obs3], retardation; embarrassment, oppilation[obs2]; coarctation[obs3], stricture, restriction; infarct; restraint &c. R751; inhibition &c. R761; blockade &c. (closure) R261.

interference, interposition; obtrusion; discouragement, dissuasion, discountenance.

impediment, let, obstacle, obstruciton, nkot, knag; check, hitch, contretemps, screw loose, grit in the oil.

bar, stile, barrier,; turnstile, turnpike; gate, portcullis; beaver dam; trocha; barricade &c. (defense) R717; wall, dead wall, breakwater, groyne; bulkhead, block, buffer; stopper &c. 263; boom, dam, weir, burrock.

drawback, objection; stumbling-block, stumbling-stone; lion in the path, snag; snags and sawyers.

encumbrance, incumbrance[obs3]; clog, skid, shoe, spoke; drag, drag chain, drag weight; stay, stop; preventive, prophylactic; load, burden, fardel[obs3], onus, millstone round one's neck, impedimenta; dead weight; lumber, pack; nightmare, Ephialtes[obs3], incubus, old man of the sea; remora.

difficulty &c, R704; insuperable obstacle &c.; estoppel; ill wind; head wind &c. (opposition) R708; trammel, tether &c. (means of restraint) R752; hold back, counterpoise, damper, wet-blanket, hinderer, marplot, kill-joy, interloper; trail of a red herring; opponent &c. R710.

V. hinder, impede, filibuster, impedite[obs1], embarrass.

in the way of, unfavorable; onerous, burdensome; cumbrous, cumbersome; obtrusive.

Adj. hindering &c. v.; obstructive, obstructuent, impeditive, impedient; intercipient[obs1]; prophylactic &c. (remedial) R662; impedimentary.

hindered &c. v.; windbound[obs3], waterlogged, heavy laden; hard pressed.

unassisted &c. (see assist &c. 707); single-handed, alone; deserted &c. 624.

Phr. occurrent nubes[Lat].
#707. Aid. -- N. aid, aidance[obs3]; assistance, help, opitulation[obs1], succor; support, lift, advance, furtherance, promotion; coadjuvancy &c. (cooperation) 709[obs3].

patronage, championship, countenance, favor, interest, advocacy.

sustentation, subvention, alimentation, nutrition, nourishment; eutrophy; manna in the wilderness; food &c. 298; means &c. 632.

ministry, ministration; subministration[obs3]; accommodation.

relief, rescue; help at a dead lift; supernatural aid; deus ex machina[Lat].

supplies, reinforcements, reenforcements[obs3], succors, contingents, recruits; support &c. (physical) 215; adjunct, ally &c. (helper) 711.



V. aid, assist, help, succor, lend one's aid; come to the aid &c. n. of; contribute, subscribe to; bring aid, give aid, furnish aid, afford aid, supply aid &c. n.; give a helping hand, stretch a hand, lend a helping hand, lend a hand, bear a helping hand, hold out a hand, hold out a helping hand; give one a life, give one a cast, give one a turn; take by the hand, take in tow;help a lame dog over a stile, lend wings to.

relieve, rescue; set up, set agoing[obs3], set on one's legs; bear through, pull through; give new life to, be the making of; reinforce, reenforce, recruit; set forward, put forward, push forward; give a lift, give a shove, give an impulse to; promote, further, forward, advance

expedite, speed, quicken, hasten.

support, sustain, uphold, prop, hold up, bolster.

cradle, nourish; nurture, nurse, dry nurse, suckle, put out to nurse; manure, cultivate, force; foster, cherish, foment; feed the flame, fan the flame.

serve; do service to, tender to, pander to; administer to, subminister to[obs3], minister to; tend, attend, wait on; take care of &c. 459; entertain; smooth the bed of death.

oblige, accommodate, consult the wishes of; humor, cheer, encourage.

second, stand by; back, back up; pay the piper, abet; work for, make interest for, stick up for, take up the cudgels for; take up the cause of, espouse the cause of, adopt the cause of; advocate, beat up for recruits, press into the service; squire, give moral support to, keep in countenance, countenance, patronize; lend oneself to, lend one's countenance to; smile upon, shine upon; favor, befriend, take in hand, enlist under the banners of; side with &c. (cooperate) 709.

be of use to; subserve &c. (instrument) 631; benefit &c. 648; render a service &c. (utility) 644; conduce &c. (tend) 176.

Adj. aiding &c. v.; auxiliary, adjuvant, helpful; coadjuvant &c. 709[obs3]; subservient, ministrant, ancillary, accessory, subsidiary.

at one's beck, at one's beck and call; friendly, amicable, favorable, propitious, well-disposed; neighborly; obliging &c. (benevolent) 906.



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