India cp 1NC

CP Solves – General

ISRO capable and successful—probe, launch vehicles, satellites

The CP solves -- comparatively more effective than NASA.

Rohde ’04- New York Times Correspondent (1/24/04, David Rohde, The New York Times, “India's Lofty Ambitions in Space Meet Earthly Realities”, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/24/world/india-s-lofty-ambitions-in-space-meet-earthly-realities.html?ref=spaceprogram&pagewanted=1)

NEW DELHI, Jan. 23— On a recent afternoon, 40 college engineering students, an all-male menagerie of sweaty palms, thick eyeglasses and short-sleeve button-down shirts, emerged from a tour of India's satellite manufacturing plant in the technology boom city of Bangalore. To a man, they burst with ambition, vision and confidence. All expressed the same hope: to work for India's prestigious national space program. And all dismissed a simple question: why should a country with as many poor as India spend hundreds of millions of dollars on a space program when it could use satellites from Europe or the United States? ''We will not depend on others,'' declared Raj Shecker, 21, an engineering student. ''It's just an Indian feeling.'' Forty years after the launching of a small American-made rocket marked its humble beginnings, India's national space program bills itself as thrifty space exploration for the common man. With a budget of only $450 million a year -- one-thirtieth of NASA's $15.5 billion annual budget -- India has 13 satellites in orbit, produces some of the world's best remote imaging satellites and is planning to send a satellite to the moon by 2007 or 2008. But unlike space programs in other developing countries, including Brazil, low costs have not meant catastrophic launching failures. Only 6 of India's 37 satellite launchings have failed. This month the national newsmagazine The Week ran a grandiloquent cover story that captured the country's infatuation with its space program and its self-image as an emerging power. ''Every space power is trying to develop launch vehicles and spacecraft to colonize the moon,'' the article declared. ''India, too, is racing ahead.'' Less than a week after China became the third country to put man in space last October, India launched a satellite into orbit and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee declared India a world leader in ''applying space technologies to development.''
ISRO is overwhelmingly successful.

Hazarika 10 (Mrinal Ali, correspondent for MeriNews, “Excellent march of India in space exploration, courtesy ISRO”, July 24, http://www.merinews.com/article/excellent-march-of-india-in-space-exploration-courtesy-isro/15827157.shtml)

ISRO HAS achieved one more stupendous feat in it’s space endeavor with the successful launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C 15). This was sixteenth consecutive successful launch of India’s smaller rocket and now the space agency geared up it’s efforts to realized it’s long cherished dream of launching Indian astronauts into space from Indian soil and that too in an indigenously developed rocket. With the excellent journey so far, it seems that no dream is too big for India in space exploration. In this latest mission five satellites were successfully placed into the orbit and at the same time ISRO has put behind the bitter memories of it’s failed mission of Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D3) in April, 2010. Ten years back PSLV was developed by ISRO and so far it has successfully carried many satellites into the orbit, both Indian and foreign. Till date the success rate of this vehicle has been stupendous and ISRO is worthy of appreciation for this. The launching of multiple satellites on board of a single payload is a new phenomenon and in 2008 ISRO has set a record by placing 10 satellites into orbit. There are numerous other launches scheduled in the coming months of this year. They are also planning to launch an unmanned crew module on board a PSLV in 2013, a crucial step towards sending Indian astronauts in space.
India solves better than NASA.

Padhra 10 (Anil, PhD in meteorology from the University of Reading, “Development of the Indian Space Program”, November 25, http://www.suite101.com/content/development-of-the-indian-space-program-a313168)

The formation of the ISRO helped India achieve some notable moments. Within six years of its formation, India successfully launched Aryabhatta into space, the first Indian space satellite. This was followed by Bhaskara I, an experimental Earth observation satellite. By the mid-1980’s Rohini-3, a communications satellite sent into orbit, was providing 70 per cent of India’s population with television coverage. Alongside the development of satellites, India also trained astronauts and in 1984, Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian in space when he spent eight days aboard the Soviet space station, Salyut 7. The program today and in the future Since these achievements, India has never looked back. Today, ISRO employs 16,000 Indian nationals managing a budget of just under a billion dollars; not light years away from the budgets of China and Japan. In comparison it may be considerably less than NASA’s $17 billion expenditure but India today has the largest network of operational satellites compared to anyone else in the world. They form the backbone for the boom in the mobile phone market, satellite television, monsoon forecasting and military intelligence, all of which rely on satellite technology. The need for such services and the potential for commercial growth makes it is necessary for India to invest in space research unlike other nations merely investing in space research to display scientific might. Record breaking achievements by a skilled workforce In the 45 years since ISRO has been around, India has advanced space technology to be on par with that of its Asian neighbours. It has its own space centre in Sriharikota in Southern India which two years ago played host to a magnanimous rocket launch setting a world record 10 satellites into orbit simultaneously and in the process earning India more than half a million dollars. These are achievements to be proud off but India has visions and ambitions for much more. There are plans to design, develop and launch a human space craft which would be used to send Indians into space by 2015. This is a realistic goal given the $2 billion budget for the project. Arguably India’s most prized possession is its highly skilled workforce comprising of scientists and engineers. India now produces more technical graduates than any other country in the world. The very best have been the products of the highly acclaimed Indian Institutes of Technology formed by the helping hand of Jawaharlal Nehru in the 1950’s. With such a strong workforce, India will now look forward to a successful space program and no doubt significant achievements will keep coming.
ISRO has massive government support – will remain on the cutting edge of technology

Space Daily 11 (“Space Program Can Help Realise Sustainable Development: PM”, March 23, http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Space_Program_Can_Help_Realise_Sustainable_Development_PM_999.html)
India's space program has a vital role in realising sustainable development, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said Saturday, asking the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to give priority to tele-education, tele-medicine and village resource centre services. 'The space program has a vital role to play in making the concept of sustainable development a reality,' he said, stressing the importance of space-based observation systems, development of newer class of environment and monitoring sensors and study of weather-related phenomena. Addressing ISRO scientists linked countrywide from its facility here, the prime minister said space-based applications are a very potent means of bridging the divides in society through reducing the cost of access to space. 'This requires expediting the development of heavy lift launchers, advanced propulsion systems, including the cryogenic stage, and recoverable and reusable launch systems. We should pay greater attention to the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Program,' he said. 'Empowerment requires that we ensure space services are available to all sections of society. Access to information should be easy. In the years ahead ISRO should make a conscious effort to reach out to beneficiaries and consumers of space products so that they can extract maximum advantage from the technology that is available in the country,' he added. He lauded the space infrastructure built by ISRO but stressed on the need to master newer technologies for more sophisticated communication satellites. 'Satellite-based broadband internet services could bring about a new technological revolution that directly benefits rural and remote areas,' he added. The prime minister offered all support to ISRO to enable it to promote scientific discoveries, and remain at the cutting edge of technology. 'You will have the government's support in your quest to better understand the solar system and universe, and in the continuing discovery of space,' he added.
PSLV success proves ISRO is a capable to do the plan

Lakshmana 11 (KV, correspondent for the Hindustan Times, “PSLV success lifts Isro gloom”, April 20, http://www.hindustantimes.com/PSLV-C16-successfully-launched-satellites-injected-into-orbit/Article1-687398.aspx)
As the PSLV soared high into the sky, so did the happiness of the scientists who just a few months ago were trying to figure what went wrong the GSLV veered off course and began disintegrating when a destruct command had to be given from the ground control at the launch pad. “The PSLV has once more proved its admirable success rate by placing the payload at a height of 822 kms against that targeted orbit of 820 kms. Today’s launch will be followed by three quick launches by the PSLV in the coming months,” a beaming ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan told press persons shortly after the launch. All top ISRO scientists associated with PSLV and Chandrayan flanked the ISRO chief. “Resourcesat 2 provides continuity and adds to the capability of Indian remote sensing abilities and the data sent by the satellite would be useful for every nation, whichever erects a ground station can receive the data,” he said and added, the 1,206 kilo Resourcesat-2, India’s 18th remote sensing satellite, will facilitate resource monitoring, environmental assessment and disaster management that can be useful in agriculture, water resources, rural and urban development, coastal studies, geological exploration and forestry. One of the two smaller payloads placed in orbit was the 92 kilo mini satellite Youthsat, an Indo-Russian mission with the participation of university students from both the countries. It will carry out experiments of Earth’s upper atmosphere. The third payload is X-Sat, Singapore’s first satellite. This 106 kilo mini satellite with multispectral camera is to demonstrate satellite based remote sensing and on board image processing technologies.
India has the experience and infrastructure to develop human space flight

Jones 11 (Dr. Morris, space analyst and writer, “Should India go Suborbital?”, Space Travel, http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Should_India_Go_Suborbital_999.html)
Let's not forget that the USA began its own human spaceflight program with suborbital launches of the Mercury spacecraft. Today, private space companies are preparing a new fleet of suborbital spacecraft for commercial astronauts. We also had the historic suborbital launches of Space Ship One from the USA in 2004, marking the debut of private human spaceflight. After decades of orbital flight, suborbital missions are clearly still in the game, and recognized as legitimate human space launches. India has a fairly reliable launch system in the PSLV, or Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. This is a smaller, but more mature launch vehicle than GSLV. The success of a recent PSLV launch has lifted spirits in India, and again confirmed the relative performance of this vehicle. Sure, it's not exactly "man-rated", or safe enough to carry astronauts yet. But a program to man-rate the PSLV would be feasible. PSLV has a fairly small payload capacity, but a carefully designed capsule could be tailored for it. This would possibly be similar to America's original Mercury capsule, a small, simple spacecraft with enough room for a single astronaut. PSLV could launch the capsule on a suborbital mission that would count as India's first independent human space mission. The use of a suborbital trajectory would shorten the flight time and simplify the recovery. Gravity would bring the spacecraft back, without the need for retrorockets. Logistics would be simplified. India has already flown an orbital capsule with scientific experiments on board. Much of the technology employed in this mission could be adapted for the capsule. The system would need an escape option for the capsule and its astronaut. This could be achieved with a rocket tower on top of the capsule, as in India's orbital capsule plan and other spacecraft such as Soyuz. Alternatively, a rocket system beneath the capsule could be used. This rocket could also be employed to separate the capsule from its booster during a normal mission, and give a little extra altitude. The capsule would then make a splashdown in the ocean, just as India recovered its first test capsule. The whole mission would take less than an hour from launch to landing. The experience gained from suborbital spaceflight could serve as a stepping stone to greater things. Eventually, India will have to solve its problems with fielding larger boosters. This could result in a debugged GSLV or possibly a new type of rocket. By the time that happens, it should be easier to develop and orbital spacecraft, given the experience and infrastructure.




India has tremendous technological capabilities – PSLV launch proves

Karl 10 (David J., President, Asia Strategy Initiative and Adjunct Professor of Diplomacy & World Affairs at Occidental College, “Technology Prowess and Entrenched Poverty”, July 15, http://india.foreignpolicyblogs.com/tag/space-program/)
The first event, the flawless launch (view the photo gallery) of the indigenously-developed Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the subsequent deployment of five satellites into orbit, literally signify the country’s upward technological trajectory. One of the satellites, called Cartosat-2B, is a remote sensing satellite that has an imagining resolution of less than a meter and will reportedly be used for mapping and infrastructure planning. The launch is the latest success for one of the world’s most advanced space programs. The October 2008 launch of India’s first unmanned lunar mission, designed to create a sophisticated atlas of the Moon’s mineral resources, propelled the country into the very exclusive fraternity of space-faring nations. Both the National Aeronautics & Space Administration and the European Space Agency approached India to collaborate on the mission, adding an important measure of foreign validation. To Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the success “demonstrated the nation’s growing technological potential.” From the perspective of then-presidential candidate Barack Obama and the editorial writers of the Wall Street Journal, the mission was a wakeup call that the U.S. was in danger of losing its scientific edge. The newspaper even went so far as to fret that India may be “going to the moon just as the U.S. is headed into the sunset.” Coming in the wake of the country’s successful delivery of 10 satellites into orbit on a single rocket in April 2008, the lunar mission underscored India’s emergence as a major competitor in the lucrative satellite-launch market and in the global satellite manufacturing industry. On the heels of the lunar mission, a European satellite operator launched a state-of-the-art satellite built by the Bangalore-based Indian Space Research Organization, the first time that ISRO constructed a satellite for a foreign customer. Immediately following this week’s launch, ISRO picked up orders to launch eight additional foreign satellites.

India solves the case.

Foust ’06- editor and publisher of The Space Review (12/18/06, Jeff, The Space Review, “The other rising Asian space power”, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/768/1)

This country is ramping up its space capabilities in an effort to be seen as a major global space power. It is moving beyond its traditional missions of developing communications and remote sensing satellites to focus on new areas, like navigation. It in also working on its first mission to the Moon, as reports—although incomplete and controversial—indicate it is interested in undertaking a manned lunar mission, perhaps by the end of the next decade. It has attracted the attention of the United States as a potential partner in space endeavors, despite a history of rocky relations. What is China, Alex? Sorry, that’s incorrect. The correct response is: what is India? While a lot of attention in the last few years has focused on China’s growing space program, including its human spaceflight efforts and lunar exploration program, India is hardly standing still in space, either. Once a small space program focused on providing specific services for the country, such as communications and imagery, India’s space program is branching out into new fields, including satellite navigation and space science. India has also recently indicated that is revisiting its previous opposition to a human spaceflight program, and is already taking steps towards developing the technology needed for such missions. These developments all provide a new opportunity for cooperation for the US, with far less geopolitical baggage for America than dealing with China or even Russia.
Indian space program quickly expanding -- solves space exploration and sustains international cooperation.

Day ’08 - senior program officer with the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board at the National Research Council (i.e. National Academy of Sciences) in Washington, DC (10/13/08, Dwayne A. Day, The Space Review, “The new path to space: India and China enter the game”, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1231/1)

Now that India has not only developed significant space capabilities but also experienced substantial economic growth, the Indian space program has entered into what Kasturirangan describes as its “expansion phase.” India can afford the luxuries of space science and possibly even human spaceflight. The country’s first lunar spacecraft, Chandrayaan-1, is scheduled for launch later this month. The government has also created the Antrix Corporation to market Indian space capabilities around the world. The country’s next goals are development of a heavy launch vehicle, lunar exploratory missions, a two-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicle, human spaceflight, and further international cooperation. During the panel discussion, several members of the audience asked Kasturirangan and two of his colleagues questions about the Indian space program. His colleagues included S. Chandrashekar, a professor of corporate strategy at the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore, as well as a 20-year veteran of ISRO. Chandrashekar’s recent work at NIAS includes an assessment of Pakistani and Chinese ballistic missile capabilities. In response to a question about Pakistan’s missiles he said that it is clear that they are not entirely based upon Chinese technology and that Pakistan clearly has significant ballistic missile design expertise of its own. Chandrashekar also said that his assessment of China’s missiles disagrees with that of the United States. For instance, he said that while the Americans have concluded that the Chinese DF-5 ICBM is a two-stage missile, his group has concluded that it is actually a three-stage missile. His research also disagrees with the American assessment of China’s newer DF-31 ICBM. Most of the space questions were directed at Kasturirangan, who was asked about India’s plans for human spaceflight. Kasturirangan explained that right now India’s government has not officially approved a human spaceflight program. Although he did not say so, other sources have indicated that India will pursue a two-person capsule. ISRO is currently studying technology options and questions and he rattled off a long list, including life support, reentry, tracking and human-rating a launch vehicle, clearly indicating that he was personally familiar with the studies. Only after the Indian space agency has answered these questions and defined the kind of vehicle they want to build, its costs, and the timeframe for the first human space launch, will ISRO officials take those plans to the Indian Parliament for formal approval. Simply put, India’s human space program has not yet been fully defined or approved. Kasturirangan said that ISRO has not yet made a decision concerning launch vehicles, but is considering a 2.5-stage rocket for carrying a manned spacecraft into orbit. ISRO is studying two possibilities, the current Geostationary Launch Vehicle (or GSLV), which has flown successfully several times, or the planned GSLV Mark 3, which is scheduled for first launch in 2010. The Mark 3 will be more capable, but as of yet it is only a paper vehicle and therefore higher risk. When asked about India’s goals in space science beyond the Chandrayaan lunar mission, Kasturirangan listed several objectives: developing chemical analysis capabilities for future lunar landers, sample return from the Moon, international cooperation on a robotic Mars mission, and the Astrosat observatory, which is to be capable of observations from the ultraviolet to high energy X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although he is not currently involved in decision making concerning the Indian space program, it was apparent from the clarity and quickness of his answers not only that Kasturirangan was very familiar with the current state of Indian spaceflight plans, but that Indian space officials are putting a great deal of effort into planning their next moves in the expansion phase of Indian spaceflight.
India’s space program solves the case -- recent missions prove capabilities and effectiveness.

Sappenfield ’08 – Staff Writer of the Christian Science Monitor- (10/22/08, Mark, The Christian Science Monitor, “Moon mission takes India's space program in new direction”, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2008/1022/p06s12-wosc.html)

When India's first unmanned mission to the Moon left its launchpad shortly after dawn Wednesday, much of the world heralded the success as the crowning achievement of India's space agency. Thousands of Indians, however, might disagree. They are residents of India's remote archipelagoes who have had access to first-class medical treatment through satellite uplinks, or eager engineering students who have asked questions of some of the most respected professors in the country from hundreds of miles away. India's 39-year-old space program is perhaps unique. In a country of great need, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has long prioritized the practical uses of space science over the prestige it so often brings. The Chandrayaan-1 lunar probe marks an evolution of this tradition, signaling the new scope of the country's ambitions while at the same time rooted in the ISRO's modest beginnings – built solely with Indian know-how and for one-sixth the cost of a similar NASA mission. "It is now a mature-enough space program to start doing these sorts of things," says Jeff Foust of The Space Review, an online magazine. Chandrayaan is India's entry into an emerging Asian space race. China and Japan have also recently sent spacecraft to the moon, as well. South Korea is building its own space program. Following in China's footsteps, India is expected to begin a manned space program, too, though the decision has yet to be made. Chandrayaan is scheduled to reach the Moon after five days and spend two years in orbit, mapping the surface and looking for water ice deposits among other tasks. Two of the 11 instruments were designed by NASA, four are European, and five are Indian – including a small "impactor" probe that will be shot into the moon's surface to analyze its composition.

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