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CP Solves – Satellite Monitoring
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- India’s already deploying environmental satellites -- solves the aff.
- More launches coming -- proves capability.
CP Solves – Satellite MonitoringIndia solves environmental monitoring efforts best.Singh ’10 – CNN World Staff Writer (1/29/10, Harmeet Shah Singh, CNN World, “India plans manned space mission in 2016” http://articles.cnn.com/2010-01-29/world/india.manned.space.mission_1_chandrayaan-chandrayaan-1-space-agency?_s=PM:WORLD) Indian researchers have announced plans to send their astronauts to space in 2016. The cost of the proposed mission is estimated at $4.8 billion, said S. Satish, spokesman for the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Studies have begun on the design of the crew capsules that will be used to put a pair of astronauts 300 kilometers aloft for seven days, he said. The project budget has been sent for federal approval, he added. A training facility for astronauts will also be built in southern India as part of the program, which Satish said would be solely Indian. In 1984, Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to explore space in what was a joint mission with the then Soviet Union. In 2008, India launched its first unmanned mission -- Chandrayaan-1 -- to the moon that dropped a probe onto the lunar surface. In 312 days, Chandrayaan-1, meaning moon craft, completed more than 3,400 orbits and met most of its scientific objectives before vanishing off the radars abruptly last year, according to the space agency. The craft carried payloads from the United States, the European Union and Bulgaria. One of its aims was to search for evidence of water or ice and identify the chemical composition of certain lunar rocks. The Chandrayaan-1 mission came to be seen as the 21st century, Asian version of the space race between the United States and the USSR -- but this time involving India and China. Satish said the agency was also planning to send a second version of Chandrayaan in 2012. India held its first rocket launch from a fishing village in southern India in 1963. Now, the South Asian nation lists more than 60 events as "milestones" in its space program, which includes the successful use of polar and geosynchronous satellite launch vehicles. Indian scientists say their country has the world's largest constellation of remote-sensing satellites. These satellites, according to the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, capture images of the Earth used in a range of applications -- agriculture, water resources, urban development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry, drought and flood forecasting, ocean resources and disaster management. Another major system, or INSAT, is used for communication, television and meteorology. India, however, maintains competition does not drive its space ambitions. India’s already deploying environmental satellites -- solves the aff.Clark 11 —Spaceflight Now Writer (Stephen, April 20, 2011, “Indian Rocket Reaches Space with Observation Satellite” http://www.space.com/11441-indian-rocket-launch-singapore-satellite.html) Achieving a booming success after two rocket failures last year, India deployed three satellites in orbit early Wednesday (April 20) with the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, a workhorse 14-story booster that racked up its 17th straight successful mission. The rocket blasted off at 0442 GMT (12:42 a.m. EDT) Wednesday from the Satish Dhawan Space Center on Sriharikota Island on India's east coast, where it was 10:12 a.m. local time. The PSLV thundered into a mostly sunny sky, soaring southeast from the launch site before turning nearly due south to reach a polar sun-synchronous orbit about 511 miles above Earth. [World's Tallest Rockets] Producing a combined thrust of 1.9 million pounds, the launcher's six strap-on boosters and solid-fueled first stage powered the PSLV to an altitude of more than 40 miles in less than two minutes, then a hydrazine-fueled second stage took over to accelerate the rocket to nearly 9,000 mph. Two more stages finished the job, placing the rocket and its three payloads in a stable orbit. "I'm extremely happy to announce that the PSLV-C16/Resourcesat 2 mission is successful," said said K. Radhakrishnan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization. The announcement was met by boisterous applause from engineers inside the PSLV control center. Although the PSLV has a successful track record, the Indian space program suffered through a troubling year with consecutive launch failures of its larger GSLV rocket and accusations of institutional nepotism. The PSLV's fourth stage released the 2,658-pound Resourcesat 2 spacecraft 18 minutes after liftoff. Replacing an earlier satellite launched in 2003, Resourcesat 2 will help officials respond to natural disasters, monitor agriculture and manage urban and rural roads and infrastructure. "This is the 18th launch of the PSLV, and Resourcesat 2 is the 18th remote sensing satellite of India," Radhakrishnan said in post-launch remarks. Resourcesat 2 will aid environmental scientists in measuring soil contamination, tracking water resources and monitoring land use trends. India's national security agencies will also use Resourcesat 2 data. The spacecraft carries three visible and infrared cameras with a peak resolution of 5.8 meters, or 19 feet. The imagers are upgraded versions of the cameras flying on Resourcesat 1, an aging predecessor satellite that has already outlived its lifetime projections. Designed to operate for at least five years, Resourcesat 2 also features advanced and miniaturized electronics and carries an experimental ship-tracking Automatic Identification System instrument to collect position, speed and other information from seagoing vessels. The AIS payload was built by Com Dev of Canada. Wednesday's rocket launch also orbited two smaller satellites — one for university students in India and Russia and another for Singapore. [Designs for India's First Manned Spaceship Revealed] YouthSat, a joint mission between Indian and Russian students, carries three science instruments to study the upper atmosphere and measure solar cosmic rays. X-SAT, Singapore's first national satellite, has a multi-spectral camera and will demonstrate space-based remote sensing and image processing technologies. YouthSat and X-SAT each weighed about 200 pounds at launch. The PSLV flight was the first space launch of 2011 for India. Three more PSLV missions are planned this year, with the next scheduled for June with India's GSAT 12 communications satellite. Officials are still investigating and fixing problems that doomed two GSLV launches last year. India is also trying to perfect a homemade cryogenic third engine for the GSLV. The domestic powerplant was the culprit in a GSLV launch mishap in April 2010. More launches coming -- proves capability.News One 11 (June 1, 2011 “India to launch next communication satellite in July” http://www.inewsone.com/2011/06/01/india-to-launch-next-communication-satellite-in-july/54648 India will launch another advanced communication satellite – GSAT-12 – in geosynchronous orbit in the second week of July using a smaller rocket, a senior official said Wednesday. The 1,400kg GSAT-12 will be launched from the spaceport at Sriharikota, about 80 km northeast of Chennai, on board the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV-C17). ‘The 320-tonne heavy rocket will have extended strap-ons for carrying solid and liquid propellants to put the spacecraft in the geosynchronous orbit in two stages,’ state-run Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K. Radhakrishnan told reporters here. The Rs.148-crore GSAT-12 will have 12 extended C-band transponders for communications and weather forecast services. The launch cost is about Rs.100 crore. The launch of GSAT-12 has been scheduled next month after the space agency successfully placed an advanced mega satellite – GSAT-8 – in geosynchronous orbit May 25 after it was launched May 21 from Kourou in French Guiana off the South American coast onboard the Ariane-V rocket of the European Space Agency consortium Arianespace. GSAT-12 has been built at the space agency’s satellite centre in this tech hub and will be shipped to Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh Thursday. ‘As we are using a polar launch vehicle to place the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit, the spacecraft will be first placed in the lower elliptical orbit between 284 km perigee (closer to earth) and 21,000 km apogee (away from earth) and subsequently transferred into the intended orbit in stages between 21,000 km perigee and 36,000 km apogee,’ Radhakrishnan said. In the run-up to the launch mission, the rocket will be assembled at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota and integrated with control systems and avionics. ‘The solid and liquid stages are going through final checks before strapping them onto the rocket. The entire exercise, including assembling, integration and tests will be completed by June 26 for launching the mission in the second week of July,’ the chairman said. 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