Освіта чернівеччини чернівці 2013
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- Text № 12 from “Recipes from the ‘World’s Best Restaurant’”
- Text № 13 Sun spots
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Text № 11 Biological clock is a popular name given to a mysterious timing system that operates in plants and animals. It keeps accurate time of days, weeks, months, and even years. It also times the activities of living things to keep them in harmony with the regular changes of their surroundings. Birds migrate, fish spawn, and flowers blossom on schedules set by their built-in clocks. The biological clock in human beings times our periods of sleep and wakefulness and many body activities. No one knows where this biological clock is located, or how it works. Some scientists believe that every living thing has its own built-in timing system that operates independently. Others believe that the clocks are set by the natural rhythms of the earth’s electromagnetic or gravitational forces. Still others suggest that forces both inside and outside the body are necessary to keep the clocks accurate. Scientists hope that experiments with plants and animals in outer space, far from the earth’s natural rhythms, may provide more information about how biological clock works. Biological clocks keep track of rhythmic changes in the environment, including day and night, movements of the ocean tides, phases of the moon, and seasons of the year. Many, and possibly all, living things seem to have internal cycles – called biorhythms – that respond to these external rhythmic changes. The biorhythms of each particular species seem to be timed to enable the organism to take advantage of the changes in its environment. Biorhythms continue on schedule even in laboratories where the plant or animal is shielded from all evidence of passing time and of outside change. But the biorhythms can be shifted – and the biological clock reset – by changing the time at which the plant or animal gets light. Biological clocks in people work on schedules essential to life and health. Many vital body processes are programmed for 24-hour biorhythms. The functions of cells, glands, kidneys, liver, and nervous system are all coordinated with each other and with the day-night rhythm of the environment. Each is timed to operate when it can do the greatest good for the entire body. Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
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Text № 12 from “Recipes from the ‘World’s Best Restaurant’” by NPR Staff, NPR, 2010 This year, a tiny, 12-table restaurant in Copenhagen was voted the world's best restaurant. The next day, Noma got 100,000 online requests for reservations. What makes it so great? Chef Rene Redzepi, 32, will only use food that is native to the Nordic region. That means no tomatoes, no olive oil — instead, he uses a wide variety of local and wild food he often gathers himself. The chef has just published a cookbook whose value, above all, is not necessarily instructive, but visual. "Use it as an inspiration," Redzepi tells NPR's Melissa Block. "Look at the beautiful pictures; see how food comes together." Although the recipes are nearly impossible to make at home, the photos alone will take you to the salty shores of Scandinavia. "We have a region that's very big — 25 million people in that region. Which means we have a nature and a product diversity ... that needs to be used again." The recipe "Blueberries Surrounded by their Natural Environment" is one way to use that product diversity. Blueberries are abundant in Scandinavia. "My last meal on Earth," says Redzepi, "I would love it to be a bowl of blueberries with cold cream." He thought about what grows with blueberries on a forest floor and decided to use mushrooms and pine nuts. The dish looks simple, but has more than 30 ingredients and more than 12 steps. Block, who considers herself an adventurous chef, was intimidated by some of the recipes. They include such instructions as "submerge in liquid nitrogen" and "load a spray paint gun" in the "Snowman" recipe — undoubtedly some of the craziest directions this year. But Redzepi wants the book to be an inspiration more than a textbook. "Look in the book and see the amount of vegetables," he says. "Use that as an inspiration: Eat more vegetables." He also wants readers to use their own environments for inspiration. "Take your family out. Take a trip to the forest and experience the greatness of getting on your knees and picking your own food and going home ... and eating it." Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
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Text № 13 Sun spots Have you ever seen someone with a lot of freckles? Freckles are small dark spots on the skin. Sometimes people get freckles when they spend time outdoors in direct sunlight. Strangely enough, the sun has “freckles”, too. These dark places on the sun’s surface are called sunspots. You should not try to see these spots because your eyes can be damaged by looking directly at the sun. But astronomers can safely observe sunspots by looking through their telescopes. A sunspot usually lasts for a day or two. It is not really a “spot” at all but a hole. The surface of the sun is made of very hot gasses. In some places the gases whirl around and get cooler. These cooler whirlpools are darker than the rest of the surface and look like spots. Scientists have learned that sunspots usually occur in eleven- year – old cycles. At the beginning and end of each cycle there are very few sunspots. But in the middle years of a cycle there may be hundreds of sunspots. There may be a link between sunspots and life on the Earth. For instance, trees seem to grow faster during the years when there are more sunspots. About three hundred years ago sunspots practically disappeared for a period of seventy years. No one knows why. During those same years something changed the normal growth of trees. Scientists can see the pattern of a tree’s growth by examining the annual rings in the wood when the tree is cut down. The rings of very old trees show very little growth between 1645 and 1715 – the years the sunspots disappeared.
Circle the correct item 1. Freckles are small dark spots on the skin and people get them… a) eating a lot of cakes and sweets b) when they spend time indoors playing computer games c) when they are not wearing sunglasses d) when they spend time outdoors in direct sunlight 2. The sun has got ‘freckles’ i.e. dark places … a) on the sun’s surface b) on the moon c) on the sun’s ground d) on the earth
a) horoscopes b) microscopes c) telephones d) telescopes
a) ten-year-old cycles b) eleven-year-old cyclones c) one-year-old cycles d) eleven-year-old cycles
a) from the earth surface b) for a period of seventy years c) forever d). for a period of seventeen years
Text № 14 Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbour with coagulated lava. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people. Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behaviour of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewellery made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures. Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
Circle the correct item 1. Herculaneum and its harbour were buried under ... lava. a) liquid
2. The poisonous gases were not ... in the air. a) able to float
3. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist ... a specimen. a) describes in detail
4. ... have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave. a) Scientists who study oceans
5. Scientists have used ... water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims. a) bottled
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation. Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in flight grew into a compulsion. Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts. After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet. By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation. Directory: ld ld -> Dsci 3870: Management Science ld -> Primary holiday activities ld -> Vitae weldon A. Lodwick Born: São Paulo, sp, Brasil – January 26, 1944 education ld -> Vitae weldon A. Lodwick Born: São Paulo, sp, Brasil – January 26, 1944 education ld -> Members of The War of 1812 Society in Virginia participate in a Plaque unveiling at the Old Donation Episcopal Church in Virginia Beach The program: Below the Master of Ceremonies, Dr Thomas Whetstone presides ld -> Kristen Corbosiero, former daes post doc Ron McTaggart-Cowan, and McGill University Professor John Gyakum ld -> State of Florida ld -> - ld -> The harmony society Download 1.39 Mb. Share with your friends:
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