Освіта чернівеччини чернівці 2013

1. According to Oxfam inequality and hindering the world’s ability to tackle poverty is increased because of the huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires.

2. The build-up of wealth and income often led to a decrease in secure jobs and decent wages for the needy people.

3. Oxfam suggests helping poor people by taking away money from the billionaires.

4. It is unusual for charities to praise the wealthy.

5. According to the article the wealthy people are usually seen as a source of money for business.

6. The financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process of increasing the incomes of the rich people.

7. Studies show that countries suffer low levels of funding and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller allowance of total incomes.

8. The formation of wealth for a few will benefit the many.

9. Members of the richest 1% are believed to give rise as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.

10. Brazil is one of the countries which has grown slow while reducing inequality.
Choose the best answer to these questions.

1. 
   How much did the world’s richest 100 billionaires increase their wealth by in 2012?
   

b) Over$ 320 million;

c) Less than $24 bn;
2. How much money would be needed to tackle world poverty?

a) $60bn;

b)$ 2 million;

c) Several thousands;

a) They do not invest money in private pension funds.

b) They don’t provide details of their annual donations.

c) They hide their real incomes.

a) Their countries suffer low levels of investment.

b) They invest money in private pension funds.

c) They have not promised their wealth to aid projects.

a) The Cost of Independence: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All.

b) The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hunts for Us All.

c) The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All.

a) Brazil;

b) Holland;

c) China;

a) South Africa;

b) South America;

c) South East;

a) They create new cars.

b) They pollute far more than the average person.

c) They help different plants to develop.

a) Be ready to donate all their money to charities;

b) Learn how to make more profits of their incomes;

c) Formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990;

a) Closing tax havens;

b) Opening tax havens;

c) Closing annual tax havens;

In its early years, the book set its sights on satisfying man's innate curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, scoured the globe to collect empirical facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period that some of the hallmark Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"

Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly obscure, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people a chance to become famous for accomplishing eccentric, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled non-stop for ten and quarter hours.

In its latest incarnation, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer restricted to the confines of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled with a beard. While there is no denying that each of these facts has its own, individual allure, the latter represents a significant deviation from the education-oriented facts of earlier editions. Perhaps there is useful knowledge to be gleaned regarding the tensile strength of a beard, but this seems to cater to an audience more interested in seeking entertainment than education.

Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records has evolved over decades to provide insight into the full spectrum of modern life. And although one may be more likely now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)

1. 
   There are hundreds of thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records.
   
2. 
   At first the book was sold to pub landlords to promote the drink.
   
3. 
   The book sells 100 million copies in over 120 countries.
   
4. 
   Two principal fact finders were brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter.
   
5. 
   They knew the reason of their success as they were aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge.
   
6. 
   In 1979 a man yodeled non-stop for twelve hours.
   
7. 
   People are more interested in seeking entertainment than education.
   
8. 
   The Guinness Book of Records has been providing insight into the full spectrum of modern life over forty years.
   
9. 
   At the Guinness World Records website you can find out future of fact-finding and record-recording.
   
10. 
    One is more likely to learn about the present records then those of the past.
    

1. Which of the following statements would best serve as the headline for this passage?

a) The encyclopedia of the extremes reflects the changing interests of modern society.

b) A book of simple origins makes it to the top as sales total a staggering 120 million copies.

c) Facts are often displayed in a boring, uninteresting manner, but not in the Guinness Book of Records.

d) The Guinness World Records website proves itself a valuable resource for insight into the full spectrum of modern life.

e) Where other books fall short, the index of superlative sciences never ceases to amaze.

2. According to the author, the most significant difference between older editions of the Guinness Book of Records and the new Guinness World Records website involves…

a) an end to the use of facts as a means to promote Guinness

b) an overall increase in the total number of facts presented

c) a move from fact-finding to the recording of achievements

d) a shift in focus from educational to entertaining material

e) a departure from book sales being limited to local pubs and bars

3. As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for empirical?

a) natural

b) derived from experience

c) recordable

d) excellent or unmatched

e) convenient or handy

4. Based on its use in paragraph 2, which of the following best describes something that is superlative?

a) Students give presentations about their favorite subjects for a grade. Amy Newhouse receives an 87% for her presentation, while Dustin Lincoln receives a 92%.

b) Although sharks are significantly bigger and have razor-sharp teeth, dolphins are smarter and can therefore successfully evade attack.

c) The lake holds a contest to see who can catch the biggest fish. Tommy wins, having caught a 6 lb. 5 oz. smallmouth bass.

d) A man built an enormous house of cards. It took him 44 days and 218,792 individual playing cards to complete.

e) Ichiro likes tennis and practices every day. In his last tournament, he placed 3rd of over 350 competitors, winning the bronze trophy.

5. Using the passage as a guide, it can be inferred that the author most likely believes reality television to be…

a) corrupt

b) absurd

c) idiotic

d) invaluable

e) shallow

6. In the final paragraph, the author writes, "And although one may be more likely now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording." Which of the following literary devices is used in this quotation?

a) Aphorism, characterized by the use of a concise statement that is made in a matter of fact tone to state a principle or an opinion that is generally understood to be a universal truth. Aphorisms are often adages, wise sayings and maxims aimed at imparting sense and wisdom.

b) Alliteration, characterized by the use of adjacent words that begin with the same sound or letter, creating a repetition of similar sounds in the sentence. This is used to add character to the writing and often adds an element of playfulness.

c) Amplification, characterized by the embellishment or extension of a statement in order to give it greater worth or meaning. This is often used for rhetorical purposes.

d) Anagram, characterized by the jumbling of the syllables of a phrase or the individual letters of a word to create a new word. Anagram is a form of wordplay that allows the writer to infuse mystery and a fun into the writing so that the reader can decipher the actual word on his or her own and discover enhanced depth of meaning.

e) Anthropomorphism in which a human quality, emotion or ambition is attributed to a non-human object or being. This is often used in order to relate the object to the reader on a familiar level and also to increase the level of relativity between the humans and objects while lending character to the subject.

7. Which of the following best summarizes the organization of this passage?

a) Introduction, history, conclusion

b) History, examples, explanations, conclusion

c) Exposition, history, conclusion

d) Introduction, thesis, supporting paragraphs, conclusion

e) Introduction, history, exposition, conclusion

8. All of the following words are synonymous with ‘to log’ EXCEPT…

a) to register;

b) to record;

c) to note;

d) to chart;

e) to type.

9. Guinness in its primary denotation is…

a) a famous book;

b) an Irish drink;

c) a Scottish drink;

d) a sort of beer;

e) a British drink.

10. Which of the following words is an antonym to ‘pointless’?

a) expedient;

b) futile;

c) meaningless;

d) vain;

Sequoya was born at a time when the American colonies still belonged to England. As a young man, he learned to hunt and fish and to do the other things Cherokee boys learned. He was also a skilled worker in silver, but he was not taught how to read and write. At the time, the Cherokee had no alphabet of their own.

After Sequoya got married, a hunting accident left him a cripple. He spent much of his time sitting around or walking slowly. More important, he had time to think. He knew about the colonists’ “talking leaf”, a piece of paper with writing on it. He believed that native Americans, too could learn their languages.

Sequoya spent many hours making marks on pieces of wood and stones. His wife and friends began to think he was strange. More than that, they thought he might be crazy.

Sequoya worked on his ideas for years. At last he had solved the problem. Each mark he wrote stood for a syllable in their Cherokee language. Furthermore, the alphabet was so simple and exact that it could be learned in a few days. Even more important, Sequoya had each person who learned his alphabet to teach another person. Soon, almost all the people of the Cherokee Nation could read and write their language.

Sequoya’s name will also be remembered forever in another way. The giant redwood trees in California, the tallest trees in the world, have been named for this Native American. The trees are called Sequoyas.

1. 
   “Cherokee” is the name of an Indian tribe.
   
2. 
   The problem of Cherokee Indians was they didn’t have their own language.
   
3. 
   Sequoya had many talents and skills.
   
4. 
   Sequoya was taught to read and write in an American school.
   
5. 
   When Sequoya was a boy he was badly hurt in an accident.
   
6. 
   After the accident Sequoya remained blind.
   
7. 
   “Talking leaf” is more likely the name the Indians gave to a book.
   
8. 
   Sequoya’s relatives supported him in his job.
   
9. 
   It took Sequoya quite a long time to create the alphabet.
   

11.Thanks to Sequoya’s alphabet the Indians could easily learn English.

12.Both the Native American and the tallest tree have the same name.
Circle the correct item

1. 
   Sequoya the chief of an Indian tribe became famous …
   

1. 
   because he invented electricity
   
2. 
   wanted to compose an anthem for the tribe
   
3. 
   because he invented an alphabet for the Cherokee language
   
4. 
   For inventing a bicycle for his tribe
   

2. 
   Sequoya was born at a time when …
   

1. 
   British colonies attacked Indian tribes
   
2. 
   when the American colonies still belonged to England
   
3. 
   when the American colonies still belonged to Europe
   
4. 
   dinosaurs died
   

3. 
   Cherokee was also a skilled worker in silver, but…
   

b) he was not taught how to jump and sing

c) he did not want to learn the alphabet

d) he was taught to read and write

4. 
   Cherokee chief spent many hours …
   

1. 
   crying because of his blindness
   
2. 
   reading books on art
   
3. 
   making crosses ob pieces of wood
   
4. 
   making marks on pieces of wood and stones
   

5. 
   His wife and friends thought that he might be crazy because…
   

1. 
   he slept all days
   
2. 
   he worked for years on his ideas
   
3. 
   he did not want to go hunting
   
4. 
   he was not able to write letters
   

6. 
   Cherokee language …
   

1. 
   could not be learned
   
2. 
   could be learned in a couple of days
   
3. 
   never could be learned
   
4. 
   could be learned in a couple of years
   

Some booklovers, or bibliophiles, collect to save worthy books and preserve them for posterity. Most of the large libraries of the 1500’s, 1600’s, and 1700’s were brought together with this purpose in mind.

Modern book collecting began in Europe when some men realized that the early printed books were disappearing. Some books had been worn out with use, and others had been seized, suppressed, or destroyed.

Fields of collecting are endless. They include first editions; early printed books; books with fine bindings; books with fine color illustrations; books for children; books on many subjects, such as periods of history, a region, furniture, birds, cookery, arts and crafts, or sports; books about certain persons, such as Abraham Lincoln; or books by certain authors. Beginning collectors tend to collect indiscriminately. In time, the field of interest narrows to manageable limits. Sensational prices that rare books sometimes bring at auction increase interest in book collecting, and inspire new searchers for treasure in books.

1. 
   Book collecting is the acquisition of knowledge.
   
2. 
   Book collecting is one of the most rewarding hobbies.
   
3. 
   Book collectors make collections for their children.
   
4. 
   Some persons collect rare books as an investment.
   
5. 
   Most of the large libraries of the 1900´s were brought together with the purpose in mind.
   
6. 
   Modern book collecting began in Asia when some men realized that the early printed books were disappearing.
   
7. 
   Some books had been worn out with use and others had been seized, suppressed and destroyed.
   
8. 
   Fields of collecting are limited.
   
9. 
   Beginning collectors tend to collect all rare books.
   
10. 
    Sensational prices of rare books inspire new searchers for treasures in them.
    

1. Book collecting is the … of books.

a) acquisition

b) gaining knowledge

c) learning a skill
2. Book collecting is one of the most … of all hobbies.

1. 
   satisfied
   
2. 
   useful
   
3. 
   rewarding
   

1. 
   sense
   
2. 
   reason
   
3. 
   judgment.
   

1. 
   a success
   
2. 
   a profit
   
3. 
   an investment
   

1. 
   Contemporary
   
2. 
   Modern
   
3. 
   Up-to-date
   

1. 
   endless
   
2. 
   very large
   
3. 
   various
   

1. 
   without thinking
   
2. 
   without attention
   
3. 
   indiscriminately
   

1. 
   easy to control
   
2. 
   easy to deal
   
3. 
   manageable
   

1. 
   Sensational
   
2. 
   Stunning
   
3. 
   Surprising
   

What does the cashier do? He or she simply pulls the food across a small window. The window is at the end of the checkout counter. On the side of the can or box or package is a row of light and dark lines. The lines have numbers. The checkout machine “reads” these lines and numbers when the item is passed across the window. The machine finds out what the item is and sends that message to the computer.

What do those strange lines and numbers mean? The lines help the machine find where the beginning, middle and end of the numbers are. The numbers describe the item for the computer. For example, look at the can. The little 0 on the left means the item came in a package or can of some kind. The first five numbers at the bottom stand for the company that made the item. The last five stand for the name and size of the item.

The computer knows all sorts of information about the item. The computer chooses the facts that might be needed and sends them back to the checkout machine. The machine flashes the name of the item and the price on a small screen and adds the price of that item to the customer’s bill. Then the bill comes out of the machine on a long paper tape.

What else can this wonderful machine do? It can read the weight of a bag of fruit on a scale, figure out the cost and add it to the bill. That’s not all. The computer constantly gets information on which items are purchased and how fast they sell. It lets the store manager know when the store is running out of certain things. The manager can tell how many shoppers there were in the store at any time of the day.

It all adds up. Nowadays almost supermarkets use this speedy checkout system.

1. 
   More and more stores of all types are using the new checkout system.
   
2. 
   This system uses a machine that can do all sorts of things.
   
3. 
   The cashier has to throw the food into a bin.
   
4. 
   On the side of the can or box or package is a row of light and dark lines.
   
5. 
   The checkout machine ‘writes’ these lines and numbers when the item is passed across the window.
   
6. 
   The lines help the machine find where the beginning, middle, and end of the numbers are.
   
7. 
   The first ten numbers at the bottom stand for the company that made the item.
   
8. 
   The machine flashes the name of the item and the price on a small screen and minuses the price of that item.
   
9. 
   Then the bill comes out of the machine on a long paper tape.
   
10. 
    The store manager always knows when the store is running out of certain things.
    

1. All of the following is true about the new checkout system EXEPT the fact that it…

a) uses the machine that can do many things.

b) will replace the cashier for a computer.

c) tells how much to pay for this or that item.

d) can do calculations you can’ do in your head.

a) cashiers who now can work faster and be more efficient.

b) some special code with lines and numbers of products.

c) an effective system of checkout of products and goods.

d) the advantages and disadvantages of selling goods in supermarkets.
3. The code with lines and numbers on any item…

a) tells some important information about it.

b) flashes the numbers on a special screen.

c) informs the manager how many shoppers there were.

d) lets the cashier know how many items are sold.
4. The lines and numbers on the item DON’T give information about…

a) the size of the item.

b) what the item is.

c) the company – producer.

d) the price of the item.
5. The computer…

a) helps the machine find the beginning, middle and end of the numbers.

b) flashes the name of the item and the price on the small screen.

c) gives away the name and the price of the item on a long paper tape.

d) has different facts about every item which is sold in the supermarket.
6. The checkout system works in the following order. First the…

a) checkout machine sends information about the item to the computer.

b) checkout machine reads information about the item.

c) item passes across the small screen window on the counter.

d) computer processed information about the item and adds the price.
7. Due to such a system of checkout…

a) fewer cashiers are needed to work with costumers.

b) shoppers don’t need either paper bills of tapes.

c) items can now come in boxes and packages.

d) managers can get information about sold items.