Title: Journal of Dentistry for Children

Title: Journal of Dentistry for Children

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Dent. Child.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Dent Child

ISSN: 0022-0353

Issues/Year: 6

Journal Country/Territory: United States

Language: English

Publisher: Amer Soc Dentistry Child

Publisher Address: John Hancock Center, 875 N Michigan Ave, Ste 4040, Chicago, IL 60611-1901

Subject Categories:

Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine: Impact Factor 0.198, / (2001)

Pediatrics: Impact Factor 0.198, 64/69 (2001)

? McNulty, J.A. and Fos, P.J. (1989), The study of caries prevalence in children in a developing country. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 56 (2), 129-136.

Abstract: This study has shown that prevalence of dental caries in a rural section of a developing country is related to age, socioeconomic status, and specific location. Caries prevalence is also directly correlated with family consumption of sugar. No correlation could be found, however, with regard to sex. Further study should be conducted on the relationship of individual practices (sugar consumption and hygiene) to caries-prevalence. In particular, data could be collected on practices in the communities where the school surveys were conducted in order to define the factors underlying the high prevalence of caries in some and lower prevalence in the others. The fluoride levels in the drinking water and the possible effect of hypoplasia on caries-prevalence in primary teeth are topics for further research. The latter condition should be investigated to determine the cause of its high prevalence, which might be an important consideration in future dental health interventions. Dental health education should be directed as soon as possible to communities, such as those in this study, where dental caries prevalence and sugar consumption are still low. It is usually more successful to encourage the adoption of new behaviors and attitudes or redirect them in a similar direction than to ask people to give up a valued behavior. In this situation, it would be preferable to encourage continuation and effective use of traditional hygiene methods and the current low levels of sugar consumption than to wait until sugar consumption is likely to become entrenched at high levels and traditional hygiene practices abandoned.

? Buzalaf, M.A.R., Granjeiro, J.M., Damante, C.A. and de Ornelas, F. (2001), Fluoride content of infant formulas prepared with deionized, bottled mineral and fluoridated drinking water. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 68 (1), 37-??.

Abstract: Usually infant milk formula is the major source of fluoride in infancy. Fluoride concentrations in ten samples of powdered milk formulas, prepared with deionizod, bottled mineral, and fluoridated drinking water were determined after HMDS-facilitated diffusion, using a fluoride ion specific electrode (Orion 9609). Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.75 ppm; from 0.02 to 1.37 ppm and from 0.91 to 1.65 ppm for formulas prepared with deionized, bottled mineral (0.02 to 0.69 ppm F) and fluoridated drinking water (0.9 ppm F), respectively. Possible fluoride ingestion per kg body mass was estimated. With deionized water, only the soy-based formula should provide a daily fluoride intake of above the suggested threshold for fluorosis. With water containing 0.9 ppm F, however, all of them would provide it. Hence, to limit fluoride intakes to amounts < 0.1 mg/kg/day, it is necessary to avoid use of fluoridated water (around I ppm) to dilute powdered infant formulas.

Keywords: Infant Formulas, Fluoride, Dental Fluorosis, Brazil, Areas, Milk

Title: Journal of Dental Research

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Dent. Res.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Dent Res

ISSN: 0022-0345

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: United States

Language: English

Publisher: Amer Assoc Dental Research

Publisher Address: 1619 Duke St, Alexandria, VA 22314

Subject Categories:

Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine: Impact Factor

? Kresak, M. and Moreno, E.C. (1979), Adsorption-kinetics of salivary macromolecules onto hydroxyapatite. Journal of Dental Research, 58 (S), 126.

Full Text: J Den Res58, 126.pdf

? Doms, C.A. (1989), A survey of reference accuracy in 5 national dental journals. Journal of Dental Research, 68 (3), 442-444.

Full Text: 1989\J Den Res68, 442.pdf

? Mwaniki, D.L. (1992), Fluoride sorption characteristics of different grades of bone charcoal, based on batch tests. Journal of Dental Research, 71 (6), 1310-1315.

Full Text: 1992\J Den Res71, 1310.pdf

Abstract: Although bone charcoal (char) has been recommended for use in the de-fluoridation of drinking water in developing countries, parameters relating to fluoride (F) sorption characteristics by grade or type of bone char are unclear. Based on batch tests, the rate and capacity of F uptake were highest with black grade, followed by grey grade and lowest with white grade. Twenty-four-hour contact-time F sorption isotherms indicated saturation at capacities of 11.4 mg F per g of black grade, 2.4 mg F per g of grey grade, and less than 0.3 mg F per g of white grade bone char. Additional investigations showed that F-removal efficiency of black grade char decreased steadily with increasing F concentration. Its initial sorption kinetics were dependent on particle size, and the highest sorption rate was observed with particle sizes below 0.42 mm. For maximum sorption rate, the critical mixing time was between five and 15 min. The presence of chloride anions and elevated temperatures increased the rate of F uptake by black bone-char. The pH of distilled water following contact with bone char rose to 11.5 for white bone-char, 8.3 for grey bone-char, and 7.8 for black bone-char. The effects of processing temperature on the availability of intra-and extraapatitic F-binding sites, levels of oxides of calcium and magnesium, and the carbon content were viewed as possible causes of observed variations. These findings suggest that the black grade of bone char was the most efficacious for use in partial de-fluoridation of drinking water. Mwaniki, D.L. (1992), Fluoride sorption characteristics of different grades of bone charcoal, based on batch tests. Journal of Dental Research, 71 (6), 1310-1315.

? Larsen, M.J., Pearce, E.I.F. and Jensen, S.J. (1993), Defluoridation of water at high pH with use of brushite, calcium hydroxide and bone char. Journal of Dental Research, 72 (11), 1519-1525.

Full Text: 1993\J Den Res72, 1519.pdf

Abstract: The aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of the bone-char method of water defluoridation by pre-treating the water with brushite and calcium hydroxide. Various amounts of brushite, calcium hydroxide, and bone char were suspended batchwise in 100 mL of distilled water containing 0.53 mmol/L fluoride for 24 h under gentle agitation. At suitable intervals, pH and the concentrations of fluoride, calcium, and phosphate in the water were determined and, when possible, the degrees of saturation with respect to brushite, hydroxyapatite, and fluorapatite calculated. Bone char used alone took up fluoride slowly and inefficiently. The addition of brushite and calcium hydroxide resulted in high concentrations of calcium and phosphate, making the solutions highly supersaturated with respect to fluorapatite, and led to a 20-fold increase in fluoride removal from the water. The combined use of all three salts left low concentrations of phosphate in solution and optimized the fluoride uptake capacity. Repeated use of the same bone char for 18 consecutive runs demonstrated that uptake of fluoride by the bone char was improved by repeated use, provided that brushite and calcium hydroxide were added. Therefore, addition of the two salts to the water may prolong the life of the bone char indefinitely, ensure the removal of fluoride, and thus avoid the problem of determining when the bone char is exhausted. In conclusion, we show that the bone-char defluoridation technique can be improved by addition of brushite and calcium hydroxide to the water. The problem of high terminal pH remains, however, and further work is required to improve potability.

Keywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Solubility

? Bebeau, M.J. and Davis, E.L. (1996), Survey of ethical issues in dental research. Journal of Dental Research, 75 (2), 845-855.

Full Text: 1996\J Den Res75, 845.pdf

Abstract: The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) surveyed its leaders to determine their perceptions of the prevalence of problematic research practices and the possible roles AADR should play in promoting scientific integrity. Seventy-six of the 98 program chairs and Association officers (1990-1995) surveyed responded. In general, these respondents did not think that serious misconduct or sloppy science occurred more often in AADR than in other scientific disciplines. Overall, respondents rated practices that undermine the trustworthiness of science (falsifying or fabrication of research data, retaliation, failure to present negative results, failure to disclose involvement with commercial enterprises, failure to maintain research records, etc.) as more serious, but less prevalent, than practices considered disrespectful of the work of others (gift authorship, citing sources without reading them, dividing a project into many small units, etc.). All respondents said that they had observed each of the less serious problematic practices one or more times, whereas 10% reported having observed retaliation, 30% reported having observed falsification, and 54% reported having observed plagiarism one or more times. AADR leaders had observed many more instances of misconduct and other problematic research practices than had faculty surveyed by Swazey et al. (1993), supporting conclusions by Greenberg and Goldberg (1994) that status and years of experience are associated with more frequent observations of misconduct. With respect to the possible roles the AADR might play in promoting research integrity, 88% thought that AADR should develop ethics cases and materials for educational use, 78% thought that AADR should create a process for addressing allegations of misconduct, 72% thought that the Association should develop an ethics committee or consultation service, 55% thought it should create a yearly ethics symposium, and 45% thought that the AADR should develop a more specific code of ethics to complement the general code recently developed by the IADR.

Keywords: Research Ethics, Scientific Misconduct

? Leash, E. (1997), Is it time for a new approach to authorship? Journal of Dental Research, 76 (3), 724-727.

Full Text: 1997\J Den Res76, 724.pdf

Keywords: Medical-Research

? Suzuki, M., Fujishima, A., Miyazaki, T., Hisamitsu, H., Kojima, K. and Kadoma, Y. (1998), Raman spectroscopic study on adsorption structures of precious metal primers. Journal of Dental Research, 77 (SIB), 2495.

Full Text: J Den Res77, 2495.pdf

? Burt, B.A., Keels, M.A. and Heller, K.E. (2000), The effects of a break in water fluoridation on the development of dental caries and fluorosis. Journal of Dental Research, 79 (2), 761-769.

Full Text: 2000\J Den Res79, 761.pdf

Abstract: Durham, NC, fluoridated since 1962, had an 11-month cessation of fluoridation between September, (1990), and August, (1991). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of this break on the development of caries and fluorosis in children. Study participants were continuously-resident children in Kindergarten through Grade 5 in Durham’s elementary schools. There were 1696 children, 81.4% of those eligible, for whom a questionnaire was completed and clinical data recorded. Age cohorts were defined by a child’s age at the time that fluoridation ceased. Caries was recorded in children in the Birth Cohort through Cohort 3, and fluorosis for children in Cohorts 1 through 5. Caries was assessed in the primary first and second molars according to the decayed-filled index; fluorosis on the labial surfaces of the upper permanent central and lateral incisors was assessed by the Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index. Mother’s education was associated with caries; higher education of the mother had an odds ratio of 0.53 (95% CI 0.40, 0.76) for caries in the child. No cohort effects could be discerned for caries. Overall prevalence of fluorosis was 44%. Prevalence in Cohorts 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 was 39.8%, 32.3%, 33.0%, 62.3%, and 57.1%, respectively. These cohort differences remained statistically significant in regression analysis. It was concluded that while the break had little effect on caries, dental fluorosis is sensitive to even small changes in fluoride exposure from drinking water, and this sensitivity is greater at 1 to 3 years of age than at 4 or 5 years.

Keywords: Fluoridation, Caries, Fluorosis, Epidemiology, Children, Enamel Fluorosis, Drinking-Water, Risk-Factors, Prevalence, Population, Appearance, Dentition, Patterns, Children, Period

? Kim, M.Y., White, R., Lin, J. and Niederman, R. (2000), Bibliometric analysis of the endodontic literature an MEDLINE. Journal of Dental Research, 79, 3074.

Full Text: J Den Res79, 3074.pdf