particolare, Chaps. I-XVIII, pp. 19-57, OE XXIX 115-153

1136Cf. Regolmento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part I, pp. 4-27, OE XXIX 34-57.

1137Quoted in MB VI 320.

1138Cf. MB II 491; III 534-536.

1139Cf. MB IX 886.

1140G. Berto, Cronaca from June to December 1868, pp. 33-34

1141Regolamenti per le case...., part I, Chap IX Contegno verso i superiori, pp. 75-77, OE XXIX 171-173.

1142Il sistema preventivo (1877), p. 50, OE XXVIII 428.

1143For the many questions posed at staff meetings and the superior chapter itself and especially the survey in June 1884 amongst members of the house chapter, cf. J.M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., pp. 272-307.

1144MO (1991) 61.

1145MO (1991) 62-63.

1146They came into existence in the following order: St Aloysius 1847, Immaculate Conception 1856, then Blessed Sacrament and altar boys 1857, St Joseph 1859

1147Cf. P. Stella, Don Bosco nella storia economica e sociale (1815-1870), pp. 259-269.

1148F. Motto, I «Ricordi confidenziali ai direttori»... p. 156

1149E II 320.

1150E III 8.

1151G. Barberis, Cronichetta, quad. 3Bis, Good Night of Dec. 31, 1875, p. 43.

1152Cf. art. 4 of the rules for the St Aloysius Sodality, in the Regolamento dell’Oratorio....per gli esterni, part II, Chap. XI, p. 45, OE XXIX 75; the St Joseph Sodality, MB VI 194; the Blessed Sacrament Sodality and Altar Boys, MB V 760 and 788; cf also MB III 220; MB VI 196-197-

1153F. Motto, I Ricordi confidenziali ai direttori... p. 156

1154Cf. F. Motto, Le conferenze ‘annesse’ di S. Vincenzo de’ Paoli negli oratori di don Bosco. Ruolo storico di un’esperienza educativa, in J.M. Prellezzo (Ed), L’impegno dell’educare..., pp. 467-492.

1155Cf. Viaggio a Roma 1858, diary manuscript of Don Bosco and cleric Rua, p. 38 and 70.

1156Cf. letter of Don Bosco to Marquis Patrizi 22 May 1858, Em 349, and the response of July 1, MB V 927-928

1157D. Ruffino, Cronaca, 1861, pp. 10-11

1158Società di mutuo soccorso di alcuni individui della compagnia di san Luigi eretta nell’Oratorio di san Francesco di Sales. Turin, Speirani and Ferrero 1850, 8 p; OE IV 83-90. “To prevent young extern boys from the Oratory from joining up with dangerous societies, Don Bosco had in mind to set up one amongst them with the scope of carrying out corporal works of mercy and to the spiritual advantage of the members as well”. (Storia dell’Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales, BS 5 (1881) no. 8, Aug., p. 8.

1159Art. 1 of the Regolamento, in Società di mutuo soccorso..., p. 4, OE IV 86.

1160Cf. address to past pupils on July 23, 1882, BS 6 (1882) no. 9, Sept. p. 150.

1161F. Orestano, Celebrazioni, vol I, pp. 76-77; cf. G. Söll, Don Bosco-Botschafter der Freude, Köln, Kölner Kreis 1977.

1162P. Stella, Bilancio delle forme di conoscenza e degli studi su don Bosco, in M. Midali (Ed.), Don Bosco nella storia..., p. 35.

1163G. Bosco, Il pastorello delle Alpi..., pp. 90-91, OE XV 332-333.

1164G. Bonetti, Annali II (1861-\862), 2 May 1862, p. 77.

1165Cf. A. Caviglia, Introduzione alla lettura de La vita di Savio Doemnico, pp. XLI-XLII. The theme of joy as a factor in education for Don Bosco is especially developed also by F.X. Eggersdorfer, Jugenderziehung..., pp. 263-264.

1166A. Caviglia, Il «Magone Michele»..., p. 149

1167G. Bosco, Vita del giovanetto Savio Domenico..., p. 86, OE XI 236.

1168A. Caviglia, Il «Magone Michele»..., p. 149

1169MO (1991) 146.

1170G. Bosco, Cenno biografico sul giovanetto Magone Michele..., p. 15, OE XIII 169.

1171MB III 20

1172 G. Brosio, 1880 or thereabouts, pp. 3-5, cf MB III 438-440; Storia dell’Oratorio...., BS 5 (1881) no. 3, March, p. 15.

1173MO (1991) 145

1174MO (1991) 159.

1175A. Caviglia, Savio Domenico e Don Bosco, Studio. p. 134.

1176A. Caviglia, Il «Magone Michele»..., p. 172

1177MO (1991) 160.

1178G. Barberis, Cronichetta, quad. 2, p.3. The 5th and 6th are respectively “the superiors give much confidence and are always amongst the boys”, and, “ giving them a couple of confidential words after prayer” (Ibid).

1179Due lettere datate da Roma..., in P. Braido (Ed.), Don Bosco educatore...., p. 365, 370, 384. F.X. Eggersdorfer, Jugenderziehung..., sees in joy and play, generously present in Don Bosco’s institutions, a key factor of vitality and educational activism (pp. 283-287).

1180Cf. F. Desramaut, la festa salesiana ai tempi di don Bosco, in La festa nell’esperienza giovanile del mondo salesiano, ed. C. Semerano, Leumann (Turin), LDC 1988, pp. 79-99. in particular Il valore pedagogico delle feste salesiane (pp. 97-99); R. Alberdi, La festa nell’esperienza salesiana della Spagna (1881-1901), Ibid, pp. 100-129

1181Cf. J.M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., pp. 83, 109-111, 189.

1182Cf. J.M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., pp. 79, 93, 101-102, 114-118, 155-156, 177-178, 199-200, 202-206. However, in the first general chapter in 1877, “they spoke of the danger for morality of mixing ‘omnia generis’ at the festivities for Mary Help of Christians and in other boarding schools on special occasions” (G. Barberis, Verbali, quad. I 143-144).

1183BS 3 (1879) no. 7, July, pp. 8-9; 4 (1880) no. 9, Sept, pp. 9-12; 5 (1881) no. 8, August, pp. 15-16; 6 (1882) no. 7, July, pp. 122-123.

1184MB XII 136.

1185He analyses this in the “conferences” to teachers, to see the results, inconveniences, see hoe to improve them. Cf. J.M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., pp. 83-84, 91-93.

1186In fact up until 1842, according to MO (1991) 123-125; then 125, feast of the bricklayers in honour of St Anne; years later, 144-146, walk to Superga; 158-160: “leaving church, free time began” (p. 159); 178-180, Feast of St Aloysius; 195-196, Feast of Pius XI exiled at Gaeta.

1187“When there was a Novena or Solemnity, give some words of encouragement, but brief, and if you can, with an example” (Regolamento per le case..., part I, Chap VI Dei maestri di scuola, art. 13, p. 35, OE XXIX 131.

1188E II 71-72.

1189MO (1991) 179 and Storia dell’Oratorio..., BS 4 (1880) no. 2, Feb. p. 2; no. 3, March, p. 7.

1190MB III 592-593.

1191MB III 231, 535, 623-652; IV 279, 410-412; Em I 157; Storia dell’Oratorio..., BS 4 (1880) no. 12, Dec. pp. 5-6.

1192Following on from John De Vecchi, a musician from the city, Salesians like Fr John Cagliero, Fr James Costamagna and Joseph Dogliano would be responsible for well known musical compositions.

1193See the invitation in Latin, 27 May 1864, Em II 50-51.

1194Cf. letter of don Bosco to Marquis D. Fassati, June 4, 1865, Em II 140.

1195Cf. G. Proverbio, La scuola di don Bosco e l’insegnamento del latino (1850-1900), in F. Traniello (Ed.), Don Bosco nella storia della letteratura popolare. Turin, SEI 1987, pp. 169-173.

1196Cf. S. Stagnoli, Don Bosco e il teatro educativo salesiano. Milan, Eco degli Oratori 1968, 154. p.

1197MB X 1057. We also have the manuscript of Don Bosco’s address; his words on ‘teatrino are recorded briefly and incompletely, Fdb mcr 1.870 A9-B8. “One thing then that must be taken into consideration and fixed up are also the texts and recitals they have. I have always tolerated them and still do, but it is my idea that ‘teatrino’ is done only for the boys and not those that come from outside. In every house of education etc. “.

1198Regole del Teatrino printed and sent to houses in a four page booklet in 1871. Reported in MB VI 106-108 and X 1059-1061. In 1877 they became part (with variations) of the Regolamento per le case and the Deliberazioni del Capitolo generale della Pia Società Salesiana tenuto in Lanzo Torinese nel settembre 1877, OE XXIX 146-151 and 432-437.

1199Regolamento per le case, Chap XVI Del teatrino, p. 50, OE XXIX 146; identical, other than for the absence of “done according to the rules of Christian morality”, is the preface to the published Regulations a year after, in the Deliberazioni del Capitolo generale.... tenuto in Lanzo Torinese..., p. 56, OE XXIX 432.

1200G. Barberis, Cronichetta, quad. 4, Feb. 17, 1876. pp. 68-69.

1201G.B. Lemoyne, Le pistrine e l’ultima ora del paganesimo. San Benigno Canavese, 1885, program of “Collana di Letture drammatiche”; cf BS 10 (1886) no. 1, Jan, pp. 9-10; announced in BS 9 (1885) no. 1, Jan, p. 15 and on the cover; presentation of Le pistrine in BS 9 (1885) no. 3, March, p. 48.

1202Sir. 32; 5; cf. MB V 540.

1203MB XV 57.

1204This was heard at Marseilles in 1881, speaking with a French priest who had founded an Oeuvre de Jeunesse, run rather more austerely than his own oratory. Lemoyne mentions it in MB V 347.

1205MO (1991) 123.

1206MO (1991) 176.

1207MO (1991) 182 and 190

1208MB III 150-152; cf MO (1991) 50. 176, 182, 202.

1209MB V 347

1210E. Ceria, Annali della Società salesiana dalle origini alla morte di S. Giovanni Bosco (1841-1888). Turin. SEI 1941, p. 691; cf. Chap LXIV La music salesiana, pp. 691-701.

1211MO (1991) 140, 141, 144-146.

1212There is some respectable literature on this. The best is by L. Deambrogio, Le passeggiate autumnali di don Bosco per I colli monferrini. Castelnuovo Don Bosco, Istituto Bernardi Semeria 1975, 539 p. The last parts of the Storia dell’Oratorio published in the Salesian Bulletin are dedicated to the walks, BS ii (1887) no. 3, March pp 30-33; no. 4, April, pp. 47-48; no. 5, May, pp. 57-58; no. 9, Sept. pp. 116-119; no. 10, Oct. pp. 129-132.

1213 MB II 384-391.

1214 Il sistema preventivo (1887), p. 54, OE XXVIII 432.

1215 J.M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento...., pp. 263-264.

1216 F. Motto, I «Ricordi confidenziali ai direttori»..., p. 151, 154, 155, 156-157, 159.

1217 MB CI 459-460.

1218 Il sistema preventivo (1877), p. 44 and 46, OE XXVIII 422 and 424.

1219 Cf. Regolamento dell’Oratorio....per gli esterni, 63 p. OE XXIX 31-92; Regolamento per le case..., 100 p. OE XXIX 97-196.

1220 G.B. Lemoyne, Cronaca 1864ff, Good Night, March 20, 1865, pp. 119-120

1221 G.B. Lemoyne, Cronaca 1864ff, Good Night, March 21, 1865, pp. 121-122.

1222 G. Barberis, Cronichetta, quad. 2. pp. 45-46.

1223 Cf. H. Franta – A. R. Colsanti, L’arte dell’incoraggiamento. Rome, La Nuova Italia Scientifica 1991, pp. 25-29

1224 See Chap 9, §2.

1225 Il sistema preventivo (1877), p. 46, 48, 50, 56 and 58, OE XXVIII 424, 426, 428, 434 and 436.

1226 Regolamento per le case..., p. Articoli generali, art. 3, p. 15, OE XXIX 111.

1227 Regolamento dell’Oratorio....per gli esterni, part I, Chap X Dei pacifatori, art. 2 and 5 p. 20 and 21, OE XXIX 50 and 51.

1228 Il sistema preventivo (1877), Una parola sui castighi, art. 2, p. 64, OE XXVIII 442.

1229 Letter to a young teacher, Jan. 28, 1875, E II 448.

1230 Cf. J.M. Prellezzo, Dei castighi da infligersi..., pp. 294-300.

1231 Rules given by Don Bosco before 1870, in the appendix to MB XIV 847-849.

1232 Il sistema preventivo (1877), p.

1233 Il sistema preventivo (1877), p.

1234 D. Ruffino, Libro di esperienza 1864, p. 67. Fr Lemoyne reports a text which is longer which he says he got from Fr Bonetti’s diary (MB VII 503); a brief section is quoted in Chap. 15.

1235 ‘Due lettere datate da Roma...,’ in P. Braido (Ed.), Don Bosco educatore..., p. 385.

1236 ‘Due lettere datate da Roma...’., in P. Braido (Ed.), Don Bosco educatore..., p. 385.

1237 J.M. Prellezzo, Dei castighi da infligersi...., pp. 290-294.

1238 The article is added to the text of the Preventive System published in the Rules for the Houses, p. 12 OE XXIX 108.

1239 Also the letter Dei castighi da infligersi...., Prellezzo. pp. 304-306.

1240 Il sistema preventivo (1877), Una parola sui castighi, aart. 1 and 2, p. 64, OE XXVIII 442.

1241 In the circular Dei castighi...., mirrors the practice followed at the Oratory in Valdocco and in other houses; some simple examples: J. M. Prellezzo, Dei castighi...., p. 304.

1242 G.B. Lemoyne, Cronaca 1864ff,

1243 See MB X, 1094-1095, norms from Don Bosco collected by Lemoyne; other norms from the ‘conferences’ for prefects; MB 1121; cf. also Prellezzo, Dei Castighi..., p. 308.

1244 Ruffino, Cronaca 1861 1862 1863, pp. 93-95.

1245 Regolamento per le case..., p. part II, Chap XVI, p. 89, OE XXIX 185.

1246 G.B. Lemoyne, Cronaca 1864ff pp. 93-94. He gives a lengthy justification for the invitation to the boys listening to “Denounce those responsible for disorder and sin” (Ibid pp. 96-97).

1247 G. Barberis, Cronichetta, quad. 3., p. 19.

1248 F. Motto, I «Ricordi confidenziali ai direttori»..., pp. 156-157.

1249 Regolamento dell’Oratorio....per gli esterni, part II, Chap II Condizioni d’accettazione, art. 6 p. 30, OE XXIX 60.

1250 Regolamento dell’Oratorio....per gli esterni,part II, Chap II, art. 7, p. 30, OE XXIX 60.

1251 G.B. Lemoyne, Cronaca 1864ff, p. 78-79.

1252 Cf. MB III 357-358, 428; V 279-280; X 187, 373, 1230. In the ‘conference’ on Sept. 1, 1872, we see: “The decision was made to hold the award ceremony in the courtyard of the younger students, with gas equipment, music etc”. (Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., p. 171); there is a note in the minutes of the meeting on Aug. 6, 1881 (ibid., p. 274) and July 31, 1882.

1253 J. M. Prellezzo, Valdocco nell’Ottocento..., p. 45, 70. “The decision was made to hold the award ceremony for working boys on the day of Corpus Christi in their courtyard, after vespers, with vocal and instrumental music”. (ibid., p. 168).

1254 Cf. MB III 440-441; VI 437; XI 111. For 1876 in his diary, Fr Lazzero notes: “Generally during the month of St Joseph, those who stood out in every class dined with Don Bosco. On the feast itself the working boys would begin. This however was ‘ad libitum superioris’”. (J. M. Prellezzo, Valdocco..., p. 109)

1255 Regolamento per le case..., part II, Chap VI, art. 22. p. 73, OE XXIX 169.

1256 MB XIV 847.

1257 Cf. Regulae seu Constitutiones Societatis S. Francisci Salesii juxta Approbatioanis decretum die 3 aprilis 1874. Augustae Taurinorum, ex officina Asceterii Salesiani An. MDCCCLXXIV, pp. 6-7, OE XXV 416-417.

1258 Regole o Costituzioni della Società di S. Francesco di Sales secondo il decreto di apporvazione del 3 aprile 1874. Turin, Oratory of St Francis de Sales Press 1875, pp. 3-5, OE XXVII 53-55.

1259 Conference to Cooperators in Genoa, March 30, 1882, BS 6 (1882) no. 4, April, p. 71.

1260At least four different methodological versions can be identified already in the social and educational experiences in the first twenty or so years in Turin: cf. P. Braido, Il sistema preventivo di don Bosco alle origini..., RSS 14 (1995) 310-312.

1261 Don Bosco has left us fundamental writings of an historical and ideological nature on the oratory; there is also literature of notable variety. From Don Bosco we have in particular: Cenno storico dell’Oratorio di S. Franceszco di Sales (1854) and Cenni storici intorno all’Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales (1862); in part La foraza della buona educazione (1855), Severino ossia avventure di un giovane alpigiano (1868), Memorie dell’Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales dal 1815 al 1855, Regolamento dell’Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales per gli esterni. Worthy of attention are certain studies: P. Stella, Don Bosco nella storia della religiosità cattolica, vol I pp. 103-109; idem, Don Bosco nella storia economica e sociale..., pp. 71-90, 101-108, 159-174; G. Chiosso, L’Oratorio di don Bosco e il rinnovamento educativo nel Piemonte carloalbertino, in P. Braido (Ed.), Don Bosco nella Chiesa..., pp. 83-116; idem, Don Bosco e l’oratorio (1841-1855), in M. Midali (Ed.), Don Bosco nella storia..., pp. 297-313.

1262 “This Congregation in 1841 was nothing but a Catechism class, a weekend recreation park which in 1846 [1847] added a Home for poor working boys, making a private institute a numerous family” (Report to the Holy See, March 1879, E III 462)

1263 Regolamento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part I, [Introduzione] Scopo di quest’opera, p. 3, OE XXIX 33.

1264 G. Chiosso, Don Bosco e l’oratorio..., in M. Midali (Ed.), Don Bosco nella storia..., p. 301

1265 Cf. especially MO (1991) 158-161

1266 G. Chiosso, Don Bosco e l’oratorio..., in M. Midali (Ed.), Don Bosco nella storia..., p. 302

1267 Circular, Dec. 20, 1851, Em I 39

1268 Regolamento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part II, Chap II, art. 6, p. 30, OE XXIX 60.

1269 Regolamento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part I, Chap 1. art. 1 and 7, p. 5 and6, OE XXIX 35 and 36.

1270 Regolamento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part II, Cahp II, art. 5, p. 30, OE XXIX 60

1271 Cf. for example MO (1991) 123-124, L’Oratorio nel 1842.

1272 MO (1991) 133.

1273 MO (1991) 134-146.

1274 MO (1991) 125

1275 Regolamento dell’Oratorio...per gli esterni, part II, Cap II, art. 2, p. 29, OE XXIX 59.

1276 MO (1991) 133.

1277 Deliberazioni del terzo e quarto capitolo generale della Pia Società Salesiana tenuti in Valsalice nel settembre 1883-86. S. Benigno Canavese, Salesian Press 1887. p. 22, OE XXXVI 274. They are similar expressions tot he ones found in the circular of Dec. 20, 1851: “those youth who through parental neglect or bad companions, or lack of means are exposed to constant danger of corruption”, “lazy and ill-advised youth” (Em 1139)..

1278 Em I 139

1279 Deliberazioni del terzo e quarto capitolo generale..., art. 7 and 8, p. 24 OE XXXVI 276.

1280 G. Chiosso,

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