Solid dosage forms
For internal use and effervescence powders
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- POWDERS FOR INJECTABLES
- DUSTING POWDERS
- “not to be applied on open wounds”
- DOUCHE POWDER
| 3. For internal use and effervescence powders: The effervescence powders contain NaHCO3 and an acid which can be citric acid or tartaric acid all together with the active ingredient.
When the preparation is placed in water, there is effervescence chemical reaction and the release of CO2 gas as a result of the reaction of the acid and the base above. The effervescence has the advantage of masking the unpleasant taste of the drug like salty or bitter taste e.g. Andrew liver salt. The patient is advised to take the drug when effervescence is taking place. POWDERS FOR INJECTABLES: The ingredients are mixed and dispensed in one container to be reconstituted at the point of use. These are usually reconstituted with sterile water before use. The powders are usually sterile. They are usually packaged in vials or ampoules. Powders are treated based on the kind of ingredients present in it e.g. there are some powders that are hygroscopic and can absorb water from the atmosphere, these powders are double-wrapped. Some powders are deliquescence and not only absorb water but also become liquids, in this case, the deliquescent ingredient is wrapped separately and the other components separately. This is to prevent effervescence. Certain powders are volatile e.g. Camphor. These powders are added last to the powder when compounding. DUSTING POWDERS These are non-toxic preparations applied locally to the skin. They are not supposed to have any systemic action. They may contain one or more medicament mixed with inert diluents. Such diluents include starch, talc or kaolin. They are for external use. They usually contain ingredients useful as antiseptic, anti-pyretic, antiperspirant, lubricants etc. The dusting powders should be dispensed in a very fine state of subdivision. This is to increase their effectiveness and decrease their irritation. It should flow easily without sticking but spread evenly. PRECAUTIONS: Dusting powders that contain talc or kaolin normally contain microbes because they are minerals, therefore must be first sterilized (at 60-1000°C)before being incoporated into the preparation. Only sterile dusting powders containing anti-biotics should be applied to an open wound. If it does not contain any antibiotic, a warning of “not to be applied on open wounds” is usually given. When producing dusting powders particularly for children and it contains Magnessium stearate, it must be sterilized. If the dusting powder is for children especially infants, then Boric acid must not be used in order to prevent irritation. Dusting powders are usually dispensed in bottles or containers (glass, plastic etc) with a lid. A lubricant or glidant is usually applied to enhance or aid the flow of the powder. E.g. of dusting powders include: Nistatin dusting powder (for fungi infection), Mentholetum DOUCHE POWDER: These are powders with soluble ingredients that completely dissolve in water and are usually for application in the body cavities. The quantitty of water to dissolve the powder in must be stated to the patient. They usually contain antiseptic,antiparasitic or . They are dispensed in wide mouthed bottles with tighltly fitted lids (This is to prevent moisture from getting into the powder) .E.g. Metronidazole. Download 37.21 Kb. Share with your friends:
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