Struthionidae



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Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Socotra Cormorant Cormoran de Socotra

IOC Leucocarbo nigrogularis

Breeds: Socotra; visitor, sea: Gulf of Aden.

Phalacrocorax capensis Cape Cormorant Cormoran du Cap

IOC Leucocarbo capensis

Resident, coasts and offshore: Congo R. - KZ-Natal.

Phalacrocorax neglectus Bank Cormorant Cormoran des bancs

Resident, coasts: S Angola, Namibia - Cape.



Phalacrocorax aristotelis European Shag Cormoran huppé

Shag


desmarestii; riggenbachi

IOC Leucocarbo aristotelis

Resident, coasts: Morocco - Egypt, less common in east.

Phalacrocorax pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant Cormoran pygmée

IOC Microcarbo pygmaeus

Vagrant: records in Tunisia; formerly bred Algeria.

Phalacrocorax africanus Reed Cormorant Cormoran africain

Long-tailed Cormorant



africanus; pictilis

IOC Microcarbo africanus

Resident, mainly fresh water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia (africanus); Madagascar (pictilis); vagrant: Seychelles.

Phalacrocorax coronatus Crowned Cormorant Cormoran couronné

IOC Microcarbo coronatus

Resident, coasts: Namibia - Cape.

Phalacrocorax melanogenis Crozet Shag Cormorant de Crozet

HM subsumes into Phalacrocorax (IOC Leucocarbo) albiventer King Cormorant Cormoran à ventre blanc

SAM subsumes into Phalacrocorax atriceps Imperial Shag Cormoran impériale (CMT, HBW include albiventer as race of this,

but keep melanogenis separate)

IOC, BL presumed to subsume into either P. (L.) albiventer or P. atriceps

Resident: Crozet, Prince Edward, Marion.

(Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant Cormoran à aigrettes )

Vagrant: Azores.



Phalacrocorax verrucosus Kerguelen Shag Cormoran des Kerguelen

IOC Leucocarbo verrucosus

BL subsumes into Phalacrocorax atriceps

Resident: Kerguelen.


ANHINGIDAE
Anhinga rufa African Darter Anhinga d’Afrique

[Darter]* [Anhinga]



rufa; vulsini

BoA, CMT, HBW subsume into Anhinga melanogaster Darter Anhinga

Resident, mainly fresh water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia (rufa); Madagascar (vulsini).

PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Pélican blanc

Resident, mainly larger fresh water bodies: all S of Sahara except forest area, Somalia and C South Africa; north along Nile to Egypt and west along N coast to E Algeria.



Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed Pelican Pélican gris

Pélican roussâtre

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except Namibia, W South Africa.

Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Pélican frisé

Visitor, wetlands: Nile Delta.

FREGATIDAE
Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird Frégate superbe

Breeds: Cape Verde Is; uncommon visitor, sea: West Africa.



Fregata aquila Ascension Frigatebird Frégate aigle-de-mer

Breeds: Ascension Is; vagrant: Gulf of Guinea - DRC.



Fregata minor Great Frigatebird Frégate du Pacifique

Greater Frigatebird



aldabrensis

Breeds: Indian Ocean Is; rare visitor, sea: coastal areas Kenya - KZ-Natal.



Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird Frégate ariel

iredalei

Breeds: Indian Ocean Is; visitor, sea: coasts Red Sea - Kenya.

ARDEIDAE
Botaurus stellaris Eurasian Bittern Butor étoilé

Great Bittern



stellaris; capensis

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, reedbeds, and other vegetation in water outside breed season: resident to the east of E South Africa north to E Angola - S Tanzania (capensis); resident and visitor North Africa, visitor up Nile to Kenya, and west to S Nigeria (stellaris).

(Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern Butor d’Amérique)

Vagrant: Azores, Tenerife.



Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern Blongios nain

payesii; minutus; podiceps

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, fresh water marshes: North Africa (minutus); all S of Sahara except much of Angola (payesii); Madagascar (podiceps).



Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern Blongios de Chine

Resident, aquatic vegetation: Seychelles; vagrant Socotra.



Ixobrychus sturmii Dwarf Bittern Blongios de Sturm

Resident and intra-African migrant, woody areas near water and swamps: all S of Sahara except Somalia, much of Angola, Namibia, W South Africa and coastal Tanzania; southern birds move north after breeding (Nov-Mar); vagrant, Canary Is.

(Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern Blongios cannelle)

Vagrant: Seychelles.

(Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern Petit Blongios)

probably race exilis

Vagrant: Azores.

Tigriornis leucolopha White-crested Tiger Heron Onoré à huppe blanche

White-crested Bittern

HM notes often incorrectly spelt T. leucolophus

Resident, forest: all forest area Sierra Leone - CAR, N DRC, Gabon.



Gorsachius leuconotus White-backed Night Heron Bihoreau à dos blanc

(ROB + natalensis, (+leuconotus presumed))

HBW Nycticorax leuconotus

Resident, forest and woodland near water: Senegal - Gabon - W Ethiopia, Kenya south to E South Africa through Tanzania, Zambia, S Angola, W Mozambique.



Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron Bihoreau gris

nycticorax

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, woody vegetation near water: North Africa; all S of Sahara except forest area and driest parts of NE and SW; Madagascar; Seychelles; vagrant Azores probably Nearctic origin (hoactli).



Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Crabier chevelu

Common Squacco Heron

(ROB + paludivaga (+ralloides presumed))

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, mainly fresh water: North Africa; all S of Sahara except Namibia desert area.



Ardeola idae Madagascar Pond Heron Crabier blanc

Malagasy Squacco Heron; Malagasy Pond Heron* Héron Crabier blanc

Breeds, near water: Madagascar; Aldabra; visitor to water in all habitats including forests, mainly May-Oct; S Kenya - N Mozambique inland to S DRC.

Ardeola rufiventris Rufous-bellied Heron Crabier à ventre roux

Héron à ventre roux

Resident, swamps and floodplains: S Kenya - NE South Africa, inland to L. Victoria, S DRC, E Angola, NE Namibia.

(Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Crabier de Gray)

Vagrant: Seychelles; Socotra.

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Héron gardeboeufs

Western Cattle Egret*



ibis; seychellarum (HM incl in ibis)

(IOC raises Butorides coromandes Eastern Cattle Egret, hence English name)

Resident, savannas: throughout except Sahara Desert (ibis); Seychelles (seychellarum).

Butorides striata Striated Heron Héron strié

Green-backed Heron; [Green Heron] Héron à dos vert; Héron vert



atricapilla; brevipes; rutenbergi; crawfordi; rhizophorae; degens

HM notes often incorrectly spelt B. striatus (and race atricapillus)

(Green Heron is only used for this species if the New World Butorides virescens is considered the same species)

Resident, dense vegetation near water: all S of Sahara except parts of South Africa and S Namibia (atricapilla, brevipes); Madagascar (rutenbergi); Aldabra, Amirantes (crawfordi); Comoro Is (rhizophorae); Seychelles degens).

(Butorides virescens Green Heron Héron vert)

HBW subsumes into Butorides striata

Vagrant: Azores.

Egretta ardesiaca Black Heron Aigrette ardoisée

Black Egret

Resident, mainly near fresh water: West Africa south of Sahara desert - S Sudan - Ethiopia south to Cape excluding Congo forest area and much of Namibia and W South Africa; Madagascar.

Egretta vinaceigula Slaty Egret Aigrette vineuse

Resident, marshes and water with some vegetation: S and C Zambia, N Botswana.



Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron Aigrette bleue

Vagrant: South Africa, Azores.

(Egretta tricolor Tricoloured Heron Aigrette tricolore)

Vagrant: 1 record Azores.



Egretta gularis Western Reef Heron Aigrette à gorge blanche

Reef Heron; Western Reef Egret Aigrette des récifs



gularis; schistacea (BoA = asha); (BoA + dimorpha here considered a separate species (CMT, HBW place in garzetta))

HBW subsumes into Egretta garzetta

Resident, coastal waters: coastal West Africa Mauritania - Gabon; all Red Sea coast and south to Kenya.

Egretta dimorpha Dimorphic Egret Aigrette dimorphe

BoA, DFW subsume into Egretta gularis; CMT, HBW, BL subsume into Egretta garzetta

Resident, near water: Madagascar and nearby islands; visitor, wetlands and coasts: S Kenya - N Mozambique.

Egretta garzetta Little Egret Aigrette garzette

garzetta; (CMT, HBW + dimorpha; HBW + gularis; schistacea from above)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, near water: all round coast and islands; inland all of Africa except deserts and forest area.

Egretta thula Snowy Egret Aigrette neigeuse

brewsteri is most likely race

Vagrant: Azores, Cape Verde Is, South Africa.



Egretta intermedia Intermediate Egret Aigrette intermédiaire

Yellow-billed Egret* Héron intermédiaire; Héron à bec jaune

brachyrhyncha

CMT, SAM, ZTP (+SF) Mesophoyx intermedia

Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except Congo forest area, Somalia and parts of S Namibia.

Egretta alba Great Egret Grande Aigrette

Great White Egret; Western Great Egret*



melanorhynchos; alba; egretta

CMT, HM, IOC Ardea alba (CMT + race melanorhyncha); SAM, BL, ZTP (+SF) Casmerodius albus



(IOC raises extralimital Egretta (Ardea) modesta Eastern Great Egret, hence English name)

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except Namibia, NW South Africa, N Somalia (melanorhynchos); North Africa mainly coastal strip (alba); vagrant Azores (egretta).



Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Héron pourpré

purpurea; madagascariensis; (SAM, BD + bournei)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, open shallow water and swamps: all S of Sahara except much of Namibia, breeding mainly in northern half (purpurea); Cape Verde Is (sometimes separated as race or species bournei); Madagascar (madagascariensis).



Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Héron cendré

cinerea; monicae; firasa

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, shallow water: all except Sahara Desert (cinerea); Banc d’Arguin islands (monicae); Madagascar, Seychelles (firasa).

Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron Héron mélanocéphale

Resident, grassland, less restricted to water than other herons: all S of Sahara.



Ardea humbloti Humblot’s Heron Héron de Humblot

Madagascar Heron

Resident, mainly coastal: W half Madagascar, Comoro Is.

Ardea goliath Goliath Heron Héron goliath

Resident, near water: all S of Sahara and north along Red Sea coast, except Namibia, Botswana, W South Africa and NE Somalia.

(Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron Grand Héron)

Vagrant: Azores.

(Ardea cocoi Cocoi Heron Héron cocoi)

Vagrant: Gough Is.

SCOPIDAE
Scopus umbretta Hamerkop Ombrette africaine

Ombrette du Sénégal; Ombrette

umbretta; minor

Resident, near water, needing trees for nesting: all S of Sahara; Madagascar; (minor is coastal Sierra Leone - W Cameroon).

CICONIIDAE
Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork Tantale ibis

Tantale africain

Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except seasonal in much of South Africa, and up W coast Senegal - Morocco; W Madagascar.

Anastomus lamelligerus African Openbill Bec-ouvert africain

Openbill Stork; **African Openbill Stork; African

Open-billed Stork

lamelligerus; madagascariensis

Resident and visitor, near water: all S of Sahara except most of Namibia, W South Africa but rare in forest areas (lamelligerus); W Madagascar (madagascariensis); dry season only to much of West Africa.



Ciconia nigra Black Stork Cigogne noire

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, woodland and nearby: resident South Africa north to Malawi, S Angola; visitor Sahel zone south to L. Victoria.



Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork Cigogne d'Abdim

Intra-African migrant, open areas: breeds Sahel and Sudan zones south to N Kenya; ‘winters’ S Kenya - Angola, Botswana, N South Africa.



Ciconia episcopus Woolly-necked Stork Cigogne épiscopale

microscelis

Resident, usually near water: all S of Sahara except Namibia, much of South Africa, W Botswana, and NE Somalia.



Ciconia ciconia White Stork Cigogne blanche

European White Stork



ciconia

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, open areas: all S of Sahara except forest area and Somalia; small numbers resident near Cape.



Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork Jabiru d’Afrique

Jabiru du Sénégal

Resident, mainly near water: all S of Sahara except most of South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Somalia.

Leptoptilos crumeniferus Marabou Stork Marabout d'Afrique

Marabou


Resident, all open habitats and savannas: all S of Sahara except forest area, around Gabon, N Angola and W South Africa.

BALAENICIPITIDAE


Balaeniceps rex Shoebill Bec-en-sabot du Nil

Resident, extensive swamps especially papyrus: S Sudan through L. Victoria area to N Zambia.

THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Ibis falcinelle

(ZTP + race falcinellus)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water, wet meadows: all Africa except Sahara and deserts in SW; breeds discontinuously, mainly in East Africa and eastern parts of southern Africa.

Bostrychia hagedash Hadada Ibis Ibis hagedash

**Hadada; Hadeda Ibis



hagedash; brevirostris; nilotica

Resident, savannas especially near water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia, and W Angola, Namibia, NW South Africa.



Bostrychia carunculata Wattled Ibis Ibis caronculé

Resident, river courses with rocky cliffs, open areas: highlands of Ethiopia.



Bostrychia olivacea Olive Ibis Ibis olive

Green Ibis; African Green Ibis; African Olive Ibis Ibis olivâtre



olivacea; cupreipennis; rothschildi (extinct); akleyorum; bocagei

IOC, BD (+SS) raise Bostrychia bocagei São Tomé Ibis (Dwarf Olive Ibis) Ibis de Bocage

Resident, streams and rivers in dense forest, including mangroves: scattered Sierra Leone - Congo (olivacea, cupreipennis; São Tomé (bocagei); (rothschildi extinct on Príncipe); mts of Kenya, Tanzania (akleyorum).

Bostrychia rara Spot-breasted Ibis Ibis vermiculé

Resident, water in forests: main forest area round Congo, DRC; patchy Liberia - Cameroon.



Threskiornis aethiopicus Sacred Ibis Ibis sacré

African Sacred Ibis



aethiopicus; bernieri; abbotti; (ROB monotypic)

BoA Threskiornis aethiopica (and race)

IOC raises Threskiornis bernieri Malagasy Sacred Ibis

Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except parts of Namibia, W South Africa, NE Somalia (aethiopicus); W Madagascar (bernieri); Aldabra (abbotti); feral population on E Canary Is.



Geronticus eremita Northern Bald Ibis Ibis chauve

**Waldrapp

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, arid and semi-arid plains with rocky escarpments: S Morocco, disperses a little; C Ethiopia in northern winter; vagrant Cape Verde Is, Azores (old record).

Geronticus calvus Southern Bald Ibis Ibis du Cap

[Bald Ibis]

Resident, high altitude grasslands, nests on cliffs: highlands of E South Africa.

Lophotibis cristata Madagascar Crested Ibis Ibis huppé

Madagascar Ibis*



cristata; urschi

Resident, woodland and forest: Madagascar (cristata in E, urschi in W).



Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Spatule blanche

European Spoonbill



leucorodia; balsaci; archeri

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water areas: breeds Red Sea coasts Sudan - N Somalia (archeri); Banc d’Arguin (balsaci); visitor around Sahara Desert south to S Sudan.



Platalea alba African Spoonbill Spatule d'Afrique

Resident, water: all S of Sahara except main forest area and Namibia and vicinity.

PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo Flamant rose

Grand Flamant



roseus

CMT, IOC, BL, ZTP raise this as Phoenicopterus roseus (P. ruber is New World species)

Resident and wanderer, saline lagoons and saltpans: coastal areas except Liberia - DRC; further inland in parts of East Africa and South Africa.

Phoeniconaias minor Lesser Flamingo Flamant nain

Petit Flamant

CMT, SAM, ROB (+SL, SS) Phoenicopterus minor

Resident and wanderer, saline and alkaline lakes: all S of Sahara but most in East African Rift Valley lakes Ethiopia - Tanzania; Namibia, Botswana; Mauritania, Senegal.

ANATIDAE
SAM, ROB place Dendrocygna spp and Thalassornis leuconotus in Dendrocygnidae
Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygne fauve

Fulvous Duck

Resident, marshes and swamps: Senegal - Sudan in Sahel zone and south to E South Africa in eastern half of continent.

Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygne veuf

White-faced Duck

Resident, fresh water in open country: all S of Sahara except forest area, Gabon - N Namibia and NE Somalia.

(Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygne à ventre noir)

Vagrant: 1 rec The Gambia of uncertain origin.

Thalassornis leuconotus White-backed Duck Dendrocygne à dos blanc

Erismature à dos blanc; Canard à dos blanc

leuconotus; insularis

Resident, fresh water: Senegal - W Chad, then Ethiopia, S Somalia south to Angola, South Africa (leuconotus); Madagascar (insularis).



Cygnus olor Mute Swan Cygne tuberculé

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water: Egypt (migrant and feral); Cape area of South Africa (feral and probably extinct); vagrant Azores.



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Cygne chanteur

Vagrant: NW Africa.



Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Cygne siffleur

**Bewick’s Swan



bewickii

BoA raises this as Cygnus bewickii Bewick’s Swan Cygne de Bewick

Vagrant: North Africa.

Anser fabalis Bean Goose Oie des moissons

fabalis; rossicus

Visitor, grasslands: Algeria, Morocco; vagrant to Egypt, Niger Delta, Azores, old record in Madeira.

(Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed Goose Oie à bec court)

Vagrant: old records in Azores, Madeira.
Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose Oie rieuse

White-fronted Goose



albifrons

Palearctic winter visitor: Nile Delta.



Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose Oie naine

Vagrant: NE Africa.



Anser anser Greylag Goose Oie cendrée

anser; rubrirostris (BoA rubirostris)

Visitor, fields and marshes: Morocco - Tunisia.

Anser caerulescens Snow Goose Oie des neiges

CMT, IOC, BL Chen caerulescens

Vagrant: Morocco, Azores.

(Branta canadensis Canada Goose Bernache du Canada)

Vagrant: Azores.

Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose Bernache nonnette

Vagrant: Morocco, Egypt, N Atlantic Is.



Branta bernicla Brent Goose Bernache cravant

Brant; Brant Goose*



bernicla

Vagrant: North Africa, Azores (old record of hrota), Canary Is (uncertain origin).



Branta ruficollis Red-breasted Goose Bernache à cou roux

Vagrant: Egypt, Algeria.



Cyanochen cyanoptera Blue-winged Goose Ouette à ailes bleues

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. cyanopterus

Resident, grassy areas near water: Ethiopian highlands.

Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian Goose Ouette d’Egypte

Oie d'Egypte

HM notes often incorrectly spelt A. aegyptiacus

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except parts of forest area; extends to Upper Egypt on Nile R; wet season visitor to S Algeria and parts of Sahara.



Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Tadorne casarca

Resident and visitor, wetlands: NW Africa; Nile Valley from Mediterranean coast to Ethiopian highlands; Fuerteventura (Canary Is) of uncertain origin.



Tadorna cana South African Shelduck Tadorne à tête grise

Resident, water bodies: South Africa north to C Namibia, S Botswana.



Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Tadorne de Belon

Shelduck


Visitor, coastal mudflats: North Africa.

Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose Oie-armée de Gambie

Plectroptère de Gambie

gambensis; niger

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except most of Namibia, W Botswana, central forest area and E of Ethiopian highlands.



Pteronetta hartlaubii Hartlaub's Duck Canard de Hartlaub

Ptéronette de Hartlaub

Resident, secluded water in forests: forest areas Sierra Leone - DRC.

Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck Canard à bosse

Knob-billed Duck* Canard casqué



melanotos

IOC has S. sylvicola as Comb Duck

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara.

Nettapus auritus African Pygmy Goose Anserelle naine

Sarcelle à Oreillons

Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except parts of NE Somalia and SW Africa.

(Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy Goose Anserelle de Coromandel)

Vagrant: Socotra.

Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck Canard mandarin



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