Struthionidae

Resident, dense undergrowth: Madagascar (toulou); Aldabra (insularis).

Resident, rank grass in savanna to forest edges: Senegal - W Ethiopia south to extreme NW Angola - SW Kenya (senegalensis); extreme S DRC - S Tanzania south to N Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi (flecki); NE Egypt (aegyptius).

Coucal moine

Resident, swamps, marshes: Ivory Coast - S Cameroon to mouth of Congo R; E DRC to W half Ethiopia and into W Kenya.

TYTONIDAE
Phodilus prigoginei Congo Bay Owl Phodile de Prigogine

Chouette de Prigogine

Resident, montane forest: E DRC.

Tyto capensis African Grass Owl Chouette du Cap

Grass Owl Chouette Effraie du Cap; Effraie du Cap

(HM + capensis (because of subsuming into the otherwise extralimital Tyto longimembris))

Resident, grasslands mainly in moister areas: W Cameroon; W, S and E DRC, N Angola, SW Tanzania to E South Africa; E Uganda, W Kenya.

Western Barn Owl* Chouette effraie

(IOC raises Tyto javanica Eastern Barn Owl hence English name)

Resident, woodland, man-made habitats: North Africa, W Canary Is (alba); E Canary Is (gracilirostris); Cape Verde Is (detorta); Madeira (schmitzi); all S of Sahara except central forest area and NE, Madagascar and many Indian Ocean Is (all affinis); Bioko (poensis); São Tomé (thomensis).

Tyto soumagnei Madagascar Red Owl Effraie de Soumagne

Red Owl* Chouette effraie jaune

Resident, forest and edges, cultivation for feeding: NE Madagascar.

STRIGIDAE

Resident, forest: small areas of Liberia - S Ghana (icterorhynchus); S Cameroon - E DRC (holerythrus).

Petit-duc de Sokoke

Resident, coastal forest: Arabuko-Sokoke forest, Kenya

Otus brucei Pallid Scops Owl Petit-duc de Bruce

exiguus (BoA exiquus); (BoA + socotranus here placed in Otus senegalensis)

Resident, open habitats: Sinai, Nile Delta.

European Scops Owl; Common Scops Owl Hibou petit-duc

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, many woodland and savanna habitats: resident Morocco - Tunisia (mallorcae); winters south almost to equator (other races).

BoA, SAM subsume into Otus scops

Resident, many woodland and savanna habitats: all S of Sahara except forest area and most of NE and SW (feae -- Pagalu Is; nivosus -- SE Kenya; socotranus -- Socotra; senegalensis -- the rest).

Otus hartlaubi São Tomé Scops Owl Petit-duc de São Tomé

Resident, forest: São Tomé.

Malagasy Scops Owl; Rainforest Scops Owl*

(HBW (+DFW by implicaton) + rutilus; mayottensis here considered separate species)

Resident, forest, bush, town parks: Madagascar.

Resident, forest and bush: Mayotte.

HM notes this as a recently described species; no mention in DFW, SAM, HBW

Resident, ???: W Madagascar.

Otus pembaensis Pemba Scops Owl Petit-duc de Pemba

DFW, SAM subsume into Otus rutilus

Resident, trees with dense foliage: Pemba Is.

Otus capnodes Anjouan Scops Owl Petit-duc d’Anjouan

SAM (+IOC presumed) subsume into Otus rutilus

Resident, primary forest: Anjouan.

Otus pauliani Grand Comoro Scops Owl Petit-duc de Karthala

Comoro Scops Owl; Karthala Scops Owl*

Resident, forest and edges in uplands: Grand Comoro.

Otus insularis Seychelles Scops Owl Petit-duc scieur

Hibou petit-duc scieur

DFW, SAM subsume into otherwise extralimital Otus magicus

Resident, secondary forest on slopes: Mahé Is (Seychelles).

Resident, dense humid forest: Mohéli.

Petit-duc à face blanche

(BoA + leucotis; granti here considered separate species)

BoA, DFW, SAM, ZTP (+SF) Otus leucotis; (SL, SS Ptilopsus leucotis)

Resident, savannas: Senegal - Somalia north of forest and south to N Uganda, N Kenya.

Ptilopsis granti Southern White-faced Owl Petit-duc de Grant

BoA, DFW, SAM, ZTP, BD (BL presumed) (+SF) subsume into Ptilopsis (Otus) leucotis

(SL, SS Ptilopsus granti)

Resident, savannas: south of forest area, north to S Uganda, S Kenya and south to all but S South Africa.

Hibou à crinière

Resident, forest: patchy in all forest areas.

Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle Owl Grand-duc d’Europe

Eagle Owl; [Desert Eagle Owl] Hibou grand-duc

Resident, rocky country in desert and semi-desert: Egypt (interpositus); Atlas Mts Algeria where may be extinct (hispanus).

[Desert Eagle Owl] Grand-duc du desert

(CMT + ascalaphus; desertorum)

BoA, DFW, BD subsume into Bubo bubo

Resident, rocky country in desert and semi-desert: S of Altas Mts in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia south through desert to Mauritania, C Mali.

Bubo capensis Cape Eagle Owl Grand-duc du Cap

Grand-duc de montagne

capensis; mackinderi (Mackinder’s Eagle Owl); dillonii

Resident, grassland, usually in montane areas: W, S and E (not C) South Africa, S Namibia (capensis); scattered in mts E Zimbabwe, N Malawi, Mozambique north to Kenya (mackinderi); Ethiopian highlands (dillonii).

Resident, desert to woodland: all to south of forest and north to S Uganda, S Kenya.

BoA, SAM, ZTP, BD (+DFW, BL by implication) (+SF) subsume into Bubo africanus

Resident, desert to woodland: all between Sahara and forest area, N Uganda, N Kenya.

Bubo poensis Fraser's Eagle Owl Grand-duc à aigrettes

(BoA + poensis; vosseleri here considered separate species)

Resident, forest: Liberia to E DRC, all N half of DRC.

Bubo vosseleri Usambara Eagle Owl Grand-duc des Usambaras

BoA, DFW subsume into Bubo poensis

Resident, montane forest: Usambara and Uluguru Mts, NE Tanzania.

Bubo shelleyi Shelley's Eagle Owl Grand-duc de Shelley

Grand-duc bandé

Resident, forest: scattered Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, NE DRC.

Bubo lacteus Verreaux's Eagle Owl Grand-duc de Verreaux

Giant Eagle Owl

Resident, large trees especially riverine in savannas: all S of Sahara except forest area and SW, very patchy W of Sudan.

Bubo leucostictus Akun Eagle Owl Grand-duc tacheté

Resident, forest, mainly edges and clearings: Liberia to E DRC to north of Congo R.

Resident, lowland rivers: patchy W of Nigeria and in East Africa but mainly as rivers scarce; Nigeria - Uganda - C Mozambique south to E Angola - KZ-Natal.

Ussher’s Fishing-owl Chouette-pêcheuse à dos roux

Resident, lowland forest rivers: Sierra Leone - Ghana.

Scotopelia bouvieri Vermiculated Fishing-owl Chouette-pêcheuse de Bouvier

Bouvier’s Fishing-owl

Resident, larger rivers in forest: S Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, N half DRC.

(Ketupa zeylonensis Brown Fish Owl Kétoupa brun)

Vagrant: Seychelles (unknown origin)

Glaucidium perlatum Pearl-spotted Owlet Chevêchette perlée

licua; perlatum; (ROB + diurnum (HM incl in licua))

Resident, savannas: Senegal - Ethiopia south to N South Africa, Namibia and up coast of W Angola (not in forest or most of C Angola).

Resident, forest and forest-scrub mosaic: patchy Liberia - W Kenya.

Barred Owlet Chevêchette à poitrine barrée

ngamiense; capense; scheffleri; (BoA, HM + etchecopari; castaneum here considered a separate species; HM + albertinum here

considered a separate species)

SAM raises Glaucidium ngamiense Ngami Owlet Chevêchette de Ngami, Glaucidium scheffleri Scheffler’s Owlet

Resident, large trees in woodland, riverine vegetation: S Angola east to SE Kenya and E coast South Africa; (capense S Mozambique - E Cape, scheffleri E Kenya, NE Tanzaniia, Somalia, ngamiense in between).

BoA, DFW, HM, IOC, BD (+SF, SS) subsume into Glaucidium capense

Resident, forest, dense secondary growth: Mt Nimba, W Ivory Coast (etchecopari); E DRC, SW Uganda (castaneum).

Glaucidium albertinum Albertine Owlet Chevêchette du Graben

DFW, HM (+IOC presumed) subsume into Glaucidium capense

Resident, montane forest: E DRC, N Rwanda.

Glaucidium sjöstedti Sjöstedt’s Owlet Chevêchette à queue barrée

**Chestnut-backed Owlet; Sjöstedt’s Barred Owlet*

Resident, forest: S Cameroon, N Gabon; some records N and C DRC.

Athene noctua Little Owl Chevêche d’Athéna

Chouette chevêche

Resident, open wooded areas: all North Africa into desert to N Niger, N Chad; up Nile and Red Sea coast to NW Somalia, E Ethiopia.

White-browed Hawk-Owl* Chevêchette à sourcils blancs

Resident, open areas, wooded savannas, dry forest: NE and SW Madagascar.

Strix aluco Tawny Owl Chouette hulotte

mauritanica

Resident, woodland and large trees: N of Atlas Mts Morocco - Tunisia.

Hume’s Wood Owl

Resident, rocks in wadis: Red Sea Mts, E Egypt.

Strix woodfordii African Wood Owl Chouette africaine

Wood Owl

Resident, forest and dense woodland: Sierra Leone - S Kenya south to S Angola - NE South Africa extending south along coast of South Africa to Cape and into Ethiopian highlands; gap L. Victoria to N Mozambique including much of Tanzania.

Northern Long-eared Owl

Resident, woodland: N of Atlas Mts Morocco - Tunisia, Azores (otus); Canary Is (canariensis).

Abyssinian Owl*

BoA, DFW subsume into Asio otus

Resident, montane forest and moorland: Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands (abyssinicus); Mt Kenya, Ruwenzori to Mt Kabobo (E DRC) (graueri).

Asio madagascariensis Madagascar Long-eared Owl Hibou malgache

Madagascar Owl*

Resident, all forest types: Madagascar but not central highlands.

Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Hibou des marais

flammeus

Palearctic winter visitor, open areas, often marshy: Mediterranean coast; N Atlantic Is; scattered records just south of Sahara Senegal - Kenya.

capensis; tingitanus; hova

Resident and intra-African migrant, all grasslands: rare in NW Morocco (tingitanus); W Ethiopia, E Sudan, Uganda, S Kenya, S DRC south to N Namibia to E and S South Africa but not in dry SW; scattered West Africa Senegal - L. Chad south to W Cameroon (all capensis); Madagascar (hova).

CAPRIMULGIDAE

Resident, forest: S Cameroon, N Gabon across N half DRC to W Uganda.

HM, IOC Veles binotatus

Resident, primary forest: patchy Mt Nimba; S Ghana; N Gabon, S Cameroon; C DRC; S CAR.

Caprimulgus prigoginei Prigogine’s Nightjar Engoulevent de Prigogine

Itombwe Nightjar

Resident, forest: 1 specimen only Itombwe Forest, E DRC.

Caprimulgus natalensis Swamp Nightjar Engoulevent du Natal

Natal Nightjar; (African) White-tailed Nightjar

Resident, wet grasslands, swamps: coastal strip Sierra Leone - W Cameroon (accrae); very patchy Senegal - W Ethiopia, W Kenya south to E and SE Angola, N Zambia; KZ-Natal coast of South Africa (all natalensis).

climacurus; sclateri; nigricans

Resident and intra-African migrant, all savanna habitats: Senegal - W Ethiopia south to equator (not in forest areas of West Africa); lower Congo R.; SC DRC.

Caprimulgus clarus Slender-tailed Nightjar Engoulevent de Reichenow

Resident, Acacias and other woodland: much of Ethiopia, W Somalia, SE Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania and perhaps down coastal strip into N Mozambique.

Gabon Nightjar; Mozambique Nightjar

Resident and intra-African migrant, grassy savannas, especially woodland edges: Gabon - N Namibia to N DRC, S Kenya - NE South Africa; old records Ghana, Ivory Coast; mainly a non-breeding visitor to northern parts of range.

Resident and local migrant, woodland: South Africa north to N Angola - SE Kenya except drier parts of Namibia and NW South Africa.

(SS Caprimulgus nigroscapularis)

DFW, ZTP subsume into Caprimulgus pectoralis

Resident, thick woodland, forest clearings, gallery forest: few records Senegal - Sierra Leone; S Nigeria, W Cameroon, Bioko; SW Sudan, E DRC, SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi; lower reaches of Congo R.

**Mountain Nightjar; [Montane Nightjar*]

(BoA, SAM + poliocephalus (implied by SAM); guttifer; koesteri; latter 2 are here placed in C. ruwenzorii)

Resident, edges of montane forest: Ethiopia - N Tanzania.

[Montane Nightjar]

guttifer; ruwenzorii; koesteri (not in CMT, HBW); (BoA monotypic as places guttifer; koesteri in C. poliocephalus))

DFW, ZTP subsume into Caprimulgus poliocephalus; (SF raises Caprimulgus guttifer Usambara Nightjar)

Resident, edges of montane forest: several separate populations: Ruwenzori Mts area; NE Tanzania; SE DRC; W Angola; N Malawi.

Caprimulgus donaldsoni Donaldson Smith's Nightjar Engoulevent des épines

Resident, arid and semi-arid thorn scrub: E Ethiopia, NW and SW Somalia, E Kenya to NE Tanzania.

Resident and intra-African migrant, semi-desert to forest clearings: resident Senegal - S Kenya, E Tanzania south to edges of forest area; moves nearer desert to breed north to S Mauritania - Eritrea, N Ethiopia, NW Somalia.

(ZTP + simplex)

Resident, semi-desert: C Ethiopia to C Kenya; few records to north and south and SE Sudan.

Caprimulgus nubicus Nubian Nightjar Engoulevent de Nubie

torridus; jonesi; nubicus; tamaricis; (BoA + taruensis (CMT, HM, HBW incl in torridus))

Resident and visitor from Arabia, arid and semi-arid bush: Nile Valley in Sudan (nubicus); Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya (torridus); Socotra (jonesi); winters Red Sea coast, Sudan (from breeding in Arabia) (tamaricis).

Resident, rocky hills: widely scattered all S of Sahara except forest areas and drier NE.

Resident, semi-desert scrub on stony ground: Sahel zone S Mauritania, Senegal - Nile Valley; 1 record S Morocco.

Resident, all woodland: Madagascar (madagascariensis); Aldabra (aldabrensis).

Engoulevent à nuque rousse

Resident, forest mainly humid areas: lowland Madagascar.

Caprimulgus aegyptius Egyptian Nightjar Engoulevent du desert

Engoulevent du Sahara

saharae; aegyptius; (BoA + arenicolor (CMT, HM, HBW incl in aegyptius))

Palearctic winter visitor and intra-African migrant, desert and semi-desert steppes: breeds Morocco - Tunisia S of Atlas Mts; Nile Delta; winters Sahel zone Senegal - Red Sea coast.

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, scattered trees with ground cover: breeding visitor C Morocco - Tunisia; winters mainly Senegal - Niger.

Dusky Nightjar

Resident and intra-African migrant, bushy savannas on stony or rocky ground: Eritrea, Ethiopia - N Tanzania.

Caprimulgus europaeus European Nightjar Engoulevent d'Europe

Eurasian Nightjar

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, light woodland: breeds C Morocco - Tunisia; winters Senegal - E Nigeria, W and S Cameroon; S Uganda, S Kenya south to E and S South Africa.

rufigena; damarensis

Intra-African migrant, open wooded savannas and semi-desert: breeds S Angola - S Zimbabwe south to all but E and S South Africa; winters mainly Cameroon, E Nigeria but recorded in W Sudan, W DRC, N Zambia.

Caprimulgus solala Nechisar Nightjar Engoulevent de Nechisar

Known only from 1 wing Ethiopia, although sightings claimed in May 2009. CMT, IOC, BL (+RSF) include it, BoA, HBW do not, HM has as provisional.

Intra-African migrant, light woodland: breeds Senegal, NW Liberia - SW Sudan, NW Uganda; after breeding moves north to edge of Sahara and east to W Ethiopia, W Kenya.

BoA Macrodipteryx vexillaria

Intra-African migrant, mature woodland and wooded grassland: breeds Brachystegia Angola - S Tanzania south to NE Namibia, N Botswana, extreme NE South Africa; winters mainly SE Nigeria, Cameroon, S Chad east to Uganda; vagrant Gambia, E Sudan, S Somalia, C Cape Province.

(Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk Engoulevent d’Amérique)

Vagrant: Azores, Canary Is (1 record), Tristan.

APODIDAE
Note: many swifts are overlooked so the recorded distribution is often very patchy; many also will overfly many different habitats.

Mauritius Swiftlet

DFW, SAM, BL Collocalia francica

Resident, most habitats, nests in caves: Mauritius, Réunion.

DFW, SAM, BL Collocalia elaphra

Resident, most habitats: Seychelles.
All Spinetails are also known as Spine-tailed Swifts
Zoonavena thomensis São Tomé Spinetail Martinet de São Tomé

Resident, near large trees in forest clearings: São Tomé, Príncipe.

Malagasy Spinetail

grandidieri; mariae

Resident, forest: Madagascar (grandidieri); Grand Comoro (mariae).

Resident, forest: Sierra Leone - W Cameroon and more scattered to W Uganda; Mt Elgon, Kakamega in W Kenya.

Chapin’s Spinetail

Resident, forest: scattered records Liberia - E DRC, 1 in NE Angola.

Telacanthura ussheri Mottled Spinetail Martinet d'Ussher

stictilaema; ussheri; sharpei; benguellensis

Resident, dry deciduous woodland mainly in forest zone: scattered Senegal - S Kenya south to S Angola - S Mozambique.

Martinet de Cassin

Resident, forest: Liberia - W Uganda to C DRC, NW Angola.

Neafrapus boehmi Böhm's Spinetail Martinet de Böhm

Bat-like Spinetail

boehmi; sheppardi

Resident, arid mature woodland to forest edges: W Angola - SW Tanzania south to extreme NE South Africa; SE Kenya, NE Tanzania.

(Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail Martinet épineux)

Vagrant: 2 records Seychelles.

Resident, usually in highlands: E DRC, W Uganda, Rwanda (chapini); S Ethiopia, E Uganda, SC Kenya, Malawi, E Zimbabwe (myoptilus); Bioko (poensis); some records elsewhere.

Resident, probably highlands: small area of E DRC.

Martinet des palmiers

Resident, savannas, forest clearings wherever there are palms: all S of Sahara except NE of S Ethiopia and S of N Namibia to NE South Africa; Madagascar (gracilis); Comoro Is (griveaudi).

(Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift Martinet ramoneur)

Vagrant: Tenerife.

Cape Verde Swift*

Resident, all habitats: Cape Verde Is.

Apus barbatus African Black Swift Martinet du Cap

African Swift

DFW, IOC, BD, BL (+SS) raise Apus sladeniae Fernando Po Swift Martinet de Fernando Po

Resident and intra-African migrant, most non-forest habitats especially in mountains; breeds highlands but occurs widely in lowlands: main range SW Kenya - S Malawi, E Zimbabwe; also Sierra Leone - Namibia (sladeniae SE Nigeria, W Cameroon, NW Angola, Bioko), E South Africa.

Apus balstoni Madagascar Swift Martinet malgache

Malagasy Black Swift*

DFW, HM, HBW subsume into Apus barbatus

Resident, most non-forest habitats breeding mainly in mountains: Madagascar (balstoni); Comoro Is (mayottensis).

Apus bradfieldi Bradfield's Swift Martinet de Bradfield

bradfieldi; deserticola

Resident, rocky hills in desert areas: SW Angola and C coastal Namibia but moves in between and to NW Cape Province.

Resident, over many habitats especially arid areas: coastal Somalia, Socotra; records on Kenya coast.

Resident, breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, most habitats: breeds all North Africa where some resident but most breeding visitors; probably breeds coastal Mauritania and parts of Sahara; winters mainly Senegal to Sudan and rarer to the east in Sahel zone and more rarely south to equator.

Resident and intra-African migrant, mainly in highlands: Eritrea - E Uganda, W Kenya; visitor N Somalia, N Tanzania.

Plain-coloured Swift

Resident, many habitats: breeds Madeira, Canary Is; winter records in Morocco, Cape Verde Is.

Apus apus Common Swift Martinet noir

European Swift; Eurasian Swift

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, all habitats: breeds Morocco - Tunisia; winters mainly south of Gulf of Guinea - Kenya except S South Africa but widely seen all S of Sahara and Nile Valley to Egypt.

(Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Martinet de Sibérie)

Pacific Swift

Vagrant: Seychelles.

Resident, rocks and hills in forest: SW Cameroon, N Gabon; Semliki Valley, E DRC; records Liberia - Nigeria.

Resident and intra-African migrant, savanna and farmland: C Morocco where probably summer visitor; all S of Sahara except forest area and large area of DRC to NW South Africa but occurs along coastal strip Gabon - N Namibia.

Resident and intra-African migrant, mainly savannas: all S of Sahara from Nigeria eastwards; especially known in parts of East Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and as breeding visitor to E South Africa; (toulsoni NW Angola, Zimbabwe).

galilejensis; affinis; aerobates; theresae; bannermani

Resident, especially in towns: Morocco - Tunisia; all S of Sahara except arid Somalia and Namibia but mainly breeding visitor only to much of South Africa; Bioko, São Tomé, Príncipe (bannermani).

Tachymarptis aequatorialis Mottled Swift Martinet marbré

gelidus; aequatorialis; furensis; lowei; (HM + bamendae (BoA, CMT incl in aequatorialis, not in HBW))

DFW, CMT, ZTP (+SF) Apus aequatorialis

Resident or visitor, rocky crags in highlands but travels widely: mainly eastern half of continent Eritrea - Zimbabwe; scattered records Sierra Leone - Angola.

Tachymarptis melba Alpine Swift Martinet à ventre blanc

Martinet alpin

melba; tuneti; archeri; africanus; maximus; marjoriae; willsi

DFW, CMT, ZTP (+SF) Apus melba

Resident, breeding visitor, intra-African migrant and Palearctic winter visitor, all habitats especially hilly areas but only few over forest area: breeding summer visitor Morocco - Libya; resident E South Africa; resident C Mali, much of East Africa (Eritrea - W Uganda, N Tanzania), Namibia; Madagascar (willsi); Palearctic visitors mainly north of equator.

COLIIDAE
Urocolius indicus Red-faced Mousebird Coliou quiriva

Coliou à face rouge

indicus; pallidus (ROB incl in transvaalensis); lacteifrons; mossambicus; transvaalensis

Resident, savannas and thickets: S DRC, SW Tanzania through W Malawi to South Africa, Namibia and up coast of W Angola and coast of SE Tanzania.

Coliou à nuque bleue

Resident, open arid and semi-arid savannas: Sahel zone S Mauritania, Senegal to Nile where extends to north, all of East Africa to extreme E DRC, Rwanda south to C Tanzania.

(ROB + colius; damarensis)

Resident, semi-arid wooded and bushy savannas: Namibia, W Botswana and W half of South Africa.

Colius castanotus Red-backed Mousebird Coliou à dos marron

Coliou à dos roux

Resident, forest, woodland and scattered trees in savannas: W Angola.

Colius striatus Speckled Mousebird Coliou rayé

Coliou barré; Coliou strié

Resident, evergreen woodland, bushland: Cameroon - Eritrea south to S Congo, N Zambia, S Tanzania excluding E Somalia and forest

area; Malawi, E Zimbabwe, S Mozambique and coastal South Africa to Cape.

Colius leucocephalus White-headed Mousebird Coliou à tête blanche

leucocephalus; turneri

Resident, arid and semi-arid bush country: S Somalia, Kenya, extreme NE Tanzania.

TROGONIDAE
Apaloderma vittatum Bar-tailed Trogon Trogon à queue barrée

Couroucou à queue barrée

(CMT + vittatum, camerunensis)

Resident, montane forests: several separate populations: W Cameroon; W Rift Valley (E DRC, W Uganda); Kenya; NE and N Tanzania; S Tanzania, N Malawi, Namuli (Mozambique); W Angola.

Couroucou narina

Resident, forest and savanna woodland: all forest and well-wooded areas S of Sahara south to S Angola - NE and E South Africa, and a corridor north into Eritrea.

Couroucou à joues jaunes

Resident, rainforest: S Cameroon, W Gabon; NE DRC.

ALCEDINIDAE

(CMT + badia (also in BD); lopezi; BD + obscuridorsalis)

Resident, rainforest: all of forest area Sierra Leone - W Uganda (lopezi in Bioko, badia in rest).

Halcyon albiventris Brown-hooded Kingfisher Martin-chasseur à tête brune

albiventris; vociferans; orientalis; prentissgrayi

Resident, woodland and wooded grassland: S Kenya - E and S South Africa west to extreme E Angola; S Congo - S Angola on coastal strip; some records across Angola.

Halcyon leucocephala Grey-headed Kingfisher Martin-chasseur à tête grise

leucocephala; hyacinthina; pallidiventris; acteon

Resident and intra-African migrant, woodland, riverine, wooded grassland: all S of Sahara except forest area, south of N Namibia - extreme NE South Africa, and much of dry NE south to N Mozambique; Cape Verde Is (acteon).

Resident, forest and moist woodlands: Senegal - SW Uganda south to N Angola; Bioko; SW Ethiopia.

Resident and intra-African migrant, woodland with scattered trees: resident S Senegal - E Uganda - N Tanzania south to N Angola - C Tanzania; wet season breeding visitor north to edge of Sahara east to W Ethiopia and south to N Namibia - NE South Africa.

(CMT (+ ROB presumed) + ranivorus; senegaloides)

Resident, coastal mangroves and other wooded habitats: S Somalia - E Cape.

Halcyon chelicuti Striped Kingfisher Martin-chasseur strié

chelicuti; eremogiton; (ROB + damarensis (HM incl in chelicuti); hylobia)

Resident, woodland and thorn scrub: all S of Sahara except forest area, most of NE and south of NW Namibia - NE South Africa.

**White-breasted Kingfisher

Vagrant: NE Egypt.

**White-collared Kingfisher

Resident, thick mangroves: Red Sea coast NE Sudan - NW Somalia.

Dwarf Kingfisher

(HBW + lecontei; ruficeps)

CMT, SAM, IOC (+SF, SS) Ispidina lecontei

Resident, mainly streams in forest: all of forest area Sierra Leone - W Uganda.

Ceyx pictus African Pygmy Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur pygmée

Pygmy Kingfisher

Resident and intra-African migrant, forest, by water in thick grass etc: all S of Sahara except NE and SW; most northerly and southerly areas only for breeding.

Martin-pêcheur roux

madagascariensis; dilutus

CMT, SAM, IOC Ispidina madagascariensis (and CMT race diluta)

Resident, dry scrub and savanna woodland: lowland Madagascar except most of SW.

Alcedo leucogaster White-bellied Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur à ventre blanc

bowdleri; leucogaster; leopoldi; (BoA, CMT, HM + nais here considered a separate species)

BoA Corythornis leucogaster

Resident, dense forest: all of forest area Guinea - S Uganda; SW Mali; NW Angola; records in NW Nigeria, NW Zambia.

BoA, DFW, CMT, HM subsume into Alcedo (Corythornis) leucogaster

Resident, dense forest, woodlands: Príncipe.
Alcedo cristata Malachite Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur huppé

galerita; cristata; (HM, HBW + stuartkeithi; CMT, ROB + robertsi; ROB + cyanostigma); (BoA, CMT, HM + thomensis here

considered a separate species)

BoA Corythornis cristata

Resident, reedbeds and vegetation by water: all S of Sahara except NE and SW.

BoA, DFW, CMT, HM subsume into Alcedo (Corythornis) cristata

Resident, vegetation by water: São Tomé.

Alcedo vintsioides Madagascar Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur vintsi

Malagasy Kingfisher*

DFW subsumes into Alcedo cristata

Resident, near water: Madagascar (vintsioides); Comoro Is (johannae).

Alcedo quadribrachys Shining-blue Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur azuré

quadribrachys; guentheri

Resident, open water in forest: all forest area extending to S Uganda, NW Zambia, SW Mali, SW Senegal.

European Kingfisher

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, sluggish or still water: breeds C Morocco - Tunisia; winters all along North Africa coast and up Nile.

Resident, sluggish or still water: WC Ethiopia; C Angola - SE Tanzania south to NE Namibia, N Zimbabwe, NE South Africa and along coast to Cape; few records Kenya.

**African Giant Kingfisher Alcyon géant

Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except NE and SW.

Alcyon pie

Resident, all waters: all S of Sahara except small parts of NE and SW; down Nile to Delta.

(Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher Martin-pêcheur d’Amérique)

IOC Megaceryle alcyon

Vagrant: Azores.

MEROPIDAE

Resident, secondary growth and plantations near forest often near water: main Congo forest area - S Sudan; SE Nigeria; N CAR.

Resident, glades in forest: throughout forest area to E DRC, Bioko; W Kenya; (mentalis West Africa - W Cameroon, muelleri to east).

Resident, forest clearings: all of forest area and surrounds.

Resident, savannas, usually near water: all S of Sahara except forest area, NE and SW.

White-cheeked Bee-eater

Resident, rank grass near forest, swamps, clearings: S Cameroon - N Angola east to W Kenya, S DRC, N Zambia; Ethiopia.

Cinnamon-breasted Bee-eater

Resident, wooded hillsides, forest edges: S Sudan; E DRC, W Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi; SW Kenya, N Tanzania.

Merops hirundineus Swallow-tailed Bee-eater Guêpier à queue d'aronde

hirundineus; furcatus; chrysolaimus; heuglini

Resident, tall savanna woodland: all West Africa between Sahel and forest; S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, N Uganda; N Angola - N Tanzania south to all across N South Africa.

Resident, bushy savannas: Senegal - S Chad, S Sudan, W Ethiopia, NE DRC, N Uganda.

Resident, wooded savannas: S Gabon - S and E DRC - S Tanzania south to S Angola - NE South Africa except much of Mozambique; W and S Kenya.

Resident, dry thorn scrub: E and NE Kenya, SE Ethiopia, Somalia.

Intra-African migrant, breeds semi-desert steppe, winters forest edges, woodland: breeds across Sahel zone and in corridor south to Kenya; winters all forest zone of West Africa, N half of Congo forest zone to W Kenya; passage to East Africa coast Somalia - C Tanzania.

Green Bee-eater*

Resident, semi-desert woodland: all across Sahel zone Senegal to Sudan, NE Ethiopia and along Nile to Delta in Egypt.

Resident, open moist woodland: SW Tanzania, S DRC, N Zambia; E Tanzania, E Malawi.

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, near water: breeding visitor SE Morocco - Algeria, patchy Mauritania coast, L Chad area wintering across West Africa S of Sahara north of forest (chrysocercus); breeds Nile Delta (and Middle East and parts of Asia) wintering E Sudan - Somalia south to S Angola - NE South Africa (persicus).

Olive Bee-eater* Guêpier malgache

Resident and intra-African migrant, mangroves, open woodland often near water: W and S Angola, N Namibia (alternans); to the east of E Ethiopia - Uganda - E Zambia, NE Botswana - NE South Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Is (all superciliosus).

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor: breeds broad river valleys Morocco - Tunisia; Cape and S Namibia; winters all habitats but mainly avoids desert and forest all S of Sahara especially Sierra Leone - Ivory Coast and Rwanda - South Africa.

Resident, forest and moist woodland: Ivory Coast - Nigeria; Gabon - W half DRC.

(BoA, HM, HBW + nubicus; nubicoides here considered separate species)

Resident and intra-African migrant, savannas: Senegal - Eritrea south to forest area, NE Tanzania; breeding visitor to northern parts, non-breeding visitor to southern, resident in between.

Merops nubicoides Southern Carmine Bee-eater Guêpier carmine

BoA, HM, HBW, ZTP subsume into Merops nubicus

Resident and intra-African migrant, savannas: resident S Angola - E Zambia; breeding visitor N Botswana - NE South Africa; non-breeding visitor to NE Angola, S DRC, Burundi, SW Tanzania, N Zambia.

CORACIIDAE

Purple Roller*

Resident, wooded savannas: 2 separate populations; Senegal - W Somalia south to the forest area and C Tanzania (naevius); Angola - N Zambia south to C Namibia - NE South Africa (mosambicus).

Resident, well-wooded savannas: Senegal - NE DRC.

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. abyssinica

Resident, dry woodland with well-spaced trees: Senegal - W and N Ethiopia south to N DRC - NW Kenya.

Coracias garrulus European Roller Rollier d'Europe

garrulus; semenowi (BoA semenovi)

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, dry open country with scattered trees: breeds Morocco - Tunisia; winters sparsely Senegal - Nigeria, and mostly W DRC, N Angola -S Ethiopia south to Cape.

Coracias caudatus Lilac-breasted Roller Rollier à longs brins

caudatus; lorti

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. caudata (+ race)

Resident, dry open woodland: C and E Ethiopia, Somalia (lorti); Angola - S Kenya south to NE half Namibia and across N South Africa (caudatus).

(HM, HBW + weigalli; spatulatus)

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. spatulata (+ race)

Resident, mature dry woodland: Angola in band through S DRC, S half Tanzania south to N Botswana - S Mozambique.

(Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Rollier indien)

Vagrant: Socotra

Rolle à gorge bleue

Resident, secondary forest and clearings: all forest area.

Cinnamon Roller Rollier violet; Rolle africain

Resident and intra-African migrant, large clearings in forest, woodland, moister savannas: all S of Sahara except NE and large part of SW (only just reaches N Botswana and NE South Africa); only resident in central part of range; breeds Madagascar, non-breeding to E Africa (glaucurus).

BRACHYPTERACIIDAE
Brachypteracias leptosomus Short-legged Ground Roller Brachyptérolle leptostome

HBW Brachypteracias leptostomus

Resident, undisturbed forest: E half Madagascar.

Brachypteracias squamiger Scaly Ground Roller Brachyptérolle écaillé

Scaled Ground Roller Brachyptérolle écailleux

often incorrectly spelt Brachypteracias squamigera

HM, IOC Geobiastes squamiger

Resident, dense rainforest: E half Madagascar.

Atelornis pittoides Pitta-like Ground Roller Brachyptérolle pittoide

Resident, dense rainforest: E half Madagascar.

Crossley’s Ground-Roller

Resident, dense rainforest: E half Madagascar.

Uratelornis chimaera Long-tailed Ground Roller Brachyptérolle à longue queue

Resident, semi-arid thorn scrub and deciduous woodland: small area SW Madagascar.

LEPTOSOMIDAE
Leptosomus discolor Cuckoo Roller Courol vouroudriou

Courol

Resident, all forest types, plantations, open parkland: Madagascar, Mayotte, Mohéli (discolor); Anjouan (intermedius); Grand Comoro (gracilis).

PHOENICULIDAE
Phoeniculus castaneiceps Forest Wood-hoopoe Irrisor à tête brune

castaneiceps; brunneiceps (BoA brunniceps)

Resident, forest: Liberia - W DRC, E Gabon; NE DRC - W Kenya; (castaneiceps east to Nigeria, brunneiceps to east).

Resident, forest and woodland, often montane: Liberia - NW DRC; E DRC, Rwanda, Burundi - much of SW Kenya; Imatong Mts, S Sudan.

Red-billed Wood-hoopoe

Resident, wooded savannas: all S of Sahara except forest area and surrounds and NE and SW (larger gaps than many species).

Grant’s Wood-hoopoe

Resident, thorn scrub and riverine: Eritrea, Ethiopia, NW and SW Somalia, N Kenya.

Resident, dry bush country: extreme S Ethiopia - C Kenya coast (granti); SW Angola, NW Namibia (damarensis).

**Scimitarbill

Resident, thorn scrub, wooded savannas: S Kenya, S Uganda, S Somalia through S DRC to SW Angola south to N South Africa.

**Black Wood-hoopoe

Resident, wooded savanna and dry bush: Senegal - NW Somalia between desert and forest and south into Uganda; SW DRC and much of Angola (anchietae).

Resident, light woodland and arid thorn scrub: SE Sudan, S Ethiopia, Somalia to N Tanzania.

UPUPIDAE
There is considerable difference of opinion in respect of the species limits in this family, with 1, 2 or 3 species recognised
Upupa epops Hoopoe Huppe fasciée

Common Hoopoe; Eurasian Hoopoe*

SAM, IOC, ROB (+SF, SS) raise Upupa africana African Hoopoe Huppe d’Afrique (SAM includes marginata)

Resident, intra-African migrant and Palearctic winter visitor, wooded savannas with sparse ground cover: resident C Morocco - W Libya, Canary Is (epops); resident Nile Valley (major); resident and intra-African migrant all S part of Sahara and south except forest area and driest parts of NE and SW (africana, waibeli, senegalensis); Palearctic winter visitor Senegal - Eritrea (epops).

Upupa marginata Madagascar Hoopoe Huppe malgache

HM, HBW, SAM subsume into Upupa epops (SAM into africana)

Resident, open habitats: all Madagascar except E.

BUCEROTIDAE

Northern Ground Hornbill Grand Calao d’Abyssinie; Calao terrestre

d’Abyssinie

Resident, savannas: Senegal, Guinea to S Sudan - N Uganda, W Kenya and into most of C Ethiopia, NW Somalia.

Grand Calao terrestre; Calao terrestre du Sud

BoA, DFW, BL Bucorvus cafer

Resident, woodland, savannas, grassland: Angola, W and S DRC, N Namibia to E South Africa and north to S Kenya excluding areas in S and N Mozambique.

Long-tailed Hornbill

Resident, forest: all forest area to E DRC.

Calao pygmée à bec noir

Resident, forest: rather sparse and patchy in all forest area.

Resident, dense forest: all forest area.

Resident, semi-desert (drier than any other hornbill): SW Angola - WC Namibia.

Petit calao à bec rouge

IOC, ROB (+SL, SS) raise Tockus damarensis Damara Red-billed Hornbill Calao de Damara

IOC (+SS) raises Tockus rufirostris Southern Red-billed Hornbill; Tockus ruahae Tanzanian Red-billed Hornbill; Tockus kempi

Western Red-billed Hornbill; (T. erythrorhynchus becomes Northern Red-billed Hornbill))

Resident, open savannas: rather patchy Senegal - Eritrea, E Ethiopia south through Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, S Zambia, N Botswana, N Namibia, SW Angola, NE South Africa; (kempi -- Senegal - inner Niger Delta; erythrorhynchus Niger Delta - Somalia south to Tanzania; rufrostris -- S Angola, N Namibia - Mozamboque, NE South Africa; damarensis NW and C Namibia).

Petit calao à bec jaune du sud

(HM, ROB + elegans; leucomelas; ROB + parvior (HM incl in leucomelas))

Resident, savannas, semi-desert: SW Angola - S Malawi south to C Namibia - N South Africa.

Northern Yellow-billed Hornbill* Petit calao à bec jaune de l'est

Resident, arid and semi-arid savannas: N, E and S Ethiopia, N and E Kenya, Somalia away from coast, extreme N Tanzania.

Tockus deckeni Von der Decken's Hornbill Calao de Decken

Calao de von der Decken

(BoA, HBW + deckeni; jacksoni here considered separate species)

Resident, semi-arid savannas with trees and bushes: E Ethiopia, W Somalia - NE Tanzania.

BoA, HBW subsume into Tockus deckeni

Resident, semi-arid savannas: SE Sudan, NE Uganda, NW Kenya.

Tockus hemprichii Hemprich's Hornbill Calao de Hemprich

Resident, rocky areas in hills: Eritrea, NW Somalia - NW Kenya, NE Uganda (occasional to C Kenya).

Pied Hornbill

Resident, forest: all forest area to W Kenya.

Resident, dry woodland: narrow band S Angola, N Namibia, SW Zambia, N Botswana, W Zimbabwe.

(HM + alboterminatus; geloensis (also in ZTP); suahelicus (also in ZTP))

Resident, montane, coastal, riparian and secondary forest: SW Ethiopia; patchy N and W Angola, S DRC - S Uganda, S Kenya to W Zambia, N and E Zimbabwe to NE South Africa and along E coast to Knysna forest.

Tockus pallidirostris Pale-billed Hornbill Calao à bec pale

pallidirostris; neumanni

Resident, miombo woodland: C Angola - SE Tanzania, NW Mozambique.

Petit calao à bec noir

Resident, savannas and woodland: all S of Sahara although patchy Guinea - Ghana, not in NE or forest area and south to much of Angola, N Zambia, not in dry SW or South Africa except NE nor in Mozambique except extreme W.

White-tailed Hornbill

Resident, forest: all forest area.

Resident, montane, coastal and riverine forest and moist woodland: N Angola, S DRC, Zambia, Tanzania (not NW), SE Kenya south to NE South Africa and along E coast to Knysna forest.

Resident, montane and coastal forest, dense woodland: Ethiopia highlands; S Kenya, E Tanzania; S Malawi, S Mozambique.

Resident, forest and tall woodland: isolated populations in West Africa; CAR - W Kenya south to Burundi; N Angola.

[White-thighed Hornbill]

(BoA, HM, HBW (+DFW presumed) + cylindricus; albotibialis here considered separate species)