КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИЯ

1 КУРС

4. 
   Словообразование – основные словообразовательные суффиксы.
   
5. 
   Имя существительное. Множественное число. Притяжательный падеж.
   
6. 
   Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных.
   
7. 
   Местоимение. Личные, притяжательные, указательные местоимения.
   
8. 
   Глагол. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past, Future Indefinite. Неправильные глаголы. Формы настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past), будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite в действительном залоге.
   
9. 
   Порядок слов в утвердительном, отрицательном и вопросительном предложении.
   

Вариант 1

entrance, department, religious, privately, residential, preparatory, education, responsible, construction, mostly.

а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;

б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного;

в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.

1. 
   An English child begins to go to school at the age of five.
   
2. 
   Children’s lessons at this age consist of drawing pictures, singing songs, etc.
   
3. 
   Pupils have many interesting subjects at school.
   

important, good, various, far, clever, convenient, late, little, bad, funny.

1. 
   If pupils go to grammar schools, … will have a good theoretical secondary education.
   
2. 
   There are some private schools in England. Boys and girls didn’t study together at … schools.
   
3. 
   The sons of the aristocracy go to public schools and … parents pay much money for … .
   

1. After finishing grammar schools pupils … good knowledge.

2. Children’s uniform … usually dark.

3. Students … lectures in Philosophy next year.

4. Monasteries … cultural and educational centres many centuries ago.
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   A boy’s uniform (to consist) of a school cap, a tie and a blazer?
   
2. 
   Only the sons of nobles (to attend) the first Egyptian schools.
   
3. 
   People hope education (to become) better in future.
   
4. 
   Poor people (not to teach) their children in grammar schools in pre-revolutionary Russia.
   

3. Tertiary colleges offer a full range of vocational and academic courses to students aged sixteen and older. Independent schools provide both primary and secondary education but charge tuition. In large cities, a number of independent schools are run by various ethnic and religious communities.

4. So-called public schools, which actually are private, are often categorized as independent schools. Most public schools are residential and privately financed, and provide education to children aged eleven through nineteen. Important public schools for boys include Eton (the oldest; established in 1440-41), Harrow, Winchester and Westminster. Famous public schools for girls include Cheltenham, Roedean and Wycombe Abbey. There are also private, mostly residential, preparatory schools, which prepare students aged seven through thirteen for the Common Entrance Examination required to enter senior secondary schools. At the completion of secondary education, students receive the General Certificate of Secondary Education.

5. More than a third of England’s young adults receive some form of postsecondary or higher education through colleges, polytechnics and universities. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12^th and 13^th centuries, and both have university presses that are among the oldest printing and publishing houses in the world.

6. There are about 35 universities in England, some of which are referred to as “red brick” universities. These universities were founded in the late 19^th or early 20^th century in the industrial cities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Sheffield and Bristol and were constructed of red brick, as contrasted with the stone construction of the buildings of Oxford and Cambridge.

7. A continuing education program through the Open University (1969), in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire offers education through correspondence courses and the electronic media.

1. 
   What is the Department of Education and Science responsible for?
   
2. 
   Which schools does the secondary-school population attend?
   
3. 
   What can independent schools provide?
   
4. 
   What public schools for boys do you know?
   
5. 
   Where can English children continue their education after secondary school?
   
6. 
   What are “red brick” universities famous for?
   
7. 
   How is education in the Open University carried out?
   

Вариант 2

traditionally, academic, vocational, authority, recently, knowledge, consequently, identity, distinction, engineer.

а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;

б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного;

в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.

1. 
   A university graduate may continue studying to take the Master’s Degree and then the Doctor’s Degree.
   
2. 
   A lecturer tends to guide students towards knowledge, suggesting different topics.
   
3. 
   Higher education colleges also run courses leading to vocational and professional qualifications.
   

Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий:

high, qualified, good, difficult, early, comfortable, bad, little, expensive, late.
Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):

1. 
   The first Russian University was founded in Moscow. … was constructed on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and in accordance with … plans.
   
2. 
   There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to … schools was limited.
   
3. 
   I’m not good at English and he always helps… in … homework.
   

1. 
   In the nineteenth century illiteracy among common people … very high.
   
2. 
   Our lecturers and professors … very high-qualified specialists.
   
3. 
   He … a Master’s Degree now and he wants to continue his research to get a Candidate’s Degree.
   
4. 
   This clever girl … the monitor of our group since next week.
   

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   The students always (to repeat) new words before the lesson?
   
2. 
   She (to come) home later than usual yesterday.
   
3. 
   The Russian government completely (to change) the system of higher education in the nearest future.
   
4. 
   I (not to make) any mistakes in my dictation because I prepared well for it.
   

2. You can also study at degree and postgraduate level at colleges of higher education. These institutions are generally smaller than universities, and tend to concentrate on more specialized fields of study, such as education, art and design, music and drama. Higher education colleges also run courses leading to vocational and professional qualifications.

3. Like educational institutions across the world, each UK university and college has its own identity and traditions. Some are huge, others are not. There may be campus and non-campus universities. In a campus university all the academic and social amenities are concentrated in one area of the town or city. At a non-campus university or college, the departments and facilities are spread out across a wider area.

4. Good A-level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local educational authority.

5. For many new students the style of teaching at university level may be unfamiliar. Lecturers and professors tend to guide students towards knowledge, suggesting topics and reading matter for private study and research. In general, students are in contrast with their tutors and professors during lectures, seminars and tutorials. Once or twice a term, students will have a tutorial. This means that they see a tutor alone to discuss their work and their progress. In Oxford and Cambridge and some other universities, the study system is based entirely round such tutorials which take place once a week.

6. Traditionally, the UK academic year is split into three terms – autumn (early October to mid December), spring (January – to late March/ early April) and summer (April to mid July). However, an increasing number of universities and colleges are adopting a semester system, dividing a year into 15-week periods of study.

1. 
   What is distinction between universities and polytechnics?
   
2. 
   What is the aim of higher education colleges?
   
3. 
   How do universities differ from each other?
   
4. 
   What are conditions to enter the university?
   
5. 
   What is a tutorial?
   
6. 
   How many terms is the academic year split into?
   
7. 
   What degrees can be received by the student in the UK?
   

Вариант 3

Slavonic, foundation, entirely, European, favorable, variety, narrowly, conventional, different, rarely.

а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;

б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного;

в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.
1. English universities differ from each other.

2. The Courtauld Institute specializes in the history of art.

3. Adults are always concerned about their children’s education.
Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий:

close, easy, essential, hard, little, considerable, interesting, far, narrow, young.

1. 
   … subject is very interesting. I always attend lectures and seminars of … .
   
2. 
   All students take exams in winter. … prepare to pass … successfully for a long time.
   
3. 
   He knows English better than you. But … know Maths very well.
   

1. 
   They usually … lunch at 12.30 in the canteen.
   
2. 
   He … good at Maths when he studied at school.
   
3. 
   I … an engineer when I graduate from the university.
   
4. 
   When I was a child, I … many fairy-tales.
   

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   In 1991 the changes in political, economic and social conditions (to require) changes in the system of education.
   
2. 
   Universities (not to choose) their students only according to good A-level results in exams.
   
3. 
   Next year young people from abroad (to come) to our university to study.
   
4. 
   The Open University (provide) extra-mural courses?
   

2. The University of London is by far the largest university, with about 39000 full-time students. It was established by the union of two colleges: University College (1827) and King’s College (1831). Later many other colleges, schools and institutes were added, and it also could be called a kind of federation of colleges, but the system is entirely different. The largest of the London colleges are like universities in themselves, having many different faculties and departments. Others specialize in certain subjects, like the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, the School of Oriental and African Studies, the School of Architecture.

3. There are also institutes attached to London University as well as to other universities. Whereas colleges within a university teach all subjects, and schools – a group of subjects, these institutes specialize more narrowly, and are often more occupied with research than teaching undergraduates. In London University, for example, there are the Institute of Archeology, the Courtauld Institute (specializing in the history of art) and some others.

4. Most of the redbrick universities founded in the nineteenth century are scattered throughout the country and are to be found in Birmingham, Bristol, Exeter, Hull, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Nottingham, Sheffield, Southampton and some others.

5. The redbrick universities organize their academic work in a variety of ways. Subjects are taught in individual departments which are in turn grouped into faculties covering the main subject grouping, like arts, science, engineering, social science.

6. The “new universities” were all founded after the Second World War. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses. The first of this group was Keele University (in Staffordshire), founded in 1948. In 1961 seven new universities were approved: the universities of East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Lancaster, Sussex, Warwick, York. The traditional faculty structure in these universities has been avoided in an attempt to prevent overspecialization. One form of organization (at Sussex) is school, which embraces a range of related subjects. York and Warwick have structures which are closer to older universities.

Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. 
   What universities are called “redbrick” and why?
   
2. 
   What educational establishments does the University of London include?
   
3. 
   What is the difference between colleges and institutes within a university?
   
4. 
   Where can most of the redbrick universities be found?
   
5. 
   How do the redbrick universities organize their academic work?
   
6. 
   What universities refer to the group of “new” ones?
   

Вариант 4

а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;

б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного;

в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.

1. 
   Cambridge can be found in most tourists’ lists of places to visit.
   
2. 
   The most popular is probably King’s, because of its magnificent chapel.
   
3. 
   Its choir includes boys and undergraduates.
   

Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий:

large, much/many, attentive, good, popular, long, modern, old, new, lazy.
Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):

1. 
   Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states. … was a state of high culture and knowledge.
   
2. 
   He wants to know something about … groupmates. Practically all of … live with … in the same hostel.
   
3. 
   Students find … University to be very beautiful.
   

1. 
   She … a very good education, she graduated from Oxford.
   
2. 
   The lectures … over at 5 yesterday.
   
3. 
   They … a party tomorrow. All guests have already been invited.
   
4. 
   English …the easiest subject for me.
   

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   He (to go) to the Institute by metro.
   
2. 
   Your friend (to take) books from the library last year?
   
3. 
   Some students (to fail) their entrance exams.
   
4. 
   I (not to go for a walk) with you tomorrow, because I must prepare for my exam.
   

3. The oldest college is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284, and the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most popular is probably King’s, because of its magnificent chapel. Its choir of boys and undergraduates is also very well known.

4. The University was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women’s college was opened. Another was opened two years later and a third in 1954. In the 1970s, most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all the colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes.

Every year, thousands of students come to Cambridge from overseas to study English.

5. To the North of this ancient city is the modern face of the University – the Cambridge Science Park, which has developed in response to the need for universities to increase their contact with high technology industry. It was established in 1970 by Trinity College, which has a long scientific tradition going back to Sir Isaac Newton. It is now home to more than sixty companies and research institutes.

6. The ideas of “science” and “parks” may not seem to go together naturally, but the whole area is in fact very attractively designed, with a lot of space between each building. The planners thought that it was important for people to have a pleasant, park-like environment in which to work.

1. 
   How does Oxford differ from Cambridge? What is common?
   
2. 
   What is the most popular place to view the grounds and courtyards?
   
3. 
   How is the oldest college called?
   
4. 
   Why is King’s the most popular college?
   
5. 
   When did colleges become mixed for men and women?
   
6. 
   Why is the Cambridge Science Park so important?
   
7. 
   What does the Park contain now?
   

Вариант 5

closely, admission, specific, majority, usually, recommendation, technical, commonly, applicant, secondary.

а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;

б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного;

в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.

1. 
   The American system of education differs from the systems of other countries.
   
2. 
   New World’s education is closely connected with the specific conditions of American life.
   
3. 
   The federal government supports school lunch program.
   

Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий:

1. 
   The junior high school is a sort of half-way between elementary and secondary school. … continues some elementary school subjects.
   
2. 
   Many systems provide nursery schools where the age group is commonly four of five. … preschool programs aim to give children useful experience and to prepare … for elementary school.
   
3. 
   A child’s introduction to formal education is usually in kindergarten classes where … begins to prepare for … new school life and learns to read, write and count.
   

1. 
   Higher education … very important for young people nowadays.
   
2. 
   Next time the students … free to participate in sports of all kinds during the University competition if they … necessary abilities.
   
3. 
   This University … many applicants to enter last year.
   
4. 
   My father … fond of collecting stamps in his childhood.
   

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   The high school (to prepare) young people either for work or for more advanced study in a college or university.
   
2. 
   My son (to try) to enter the Rostov State Transport University after finishing high school.
   
3. 
   I (not to miss) my classes when I studied at school.
   
4. 
   The Ivy League Universities (to be) famous for their graduate schools?
   

Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5 абзацы.

2. In the USA there are free, state-supported, public schools which the majority of American children attend. There are also a number of private schools where a fee is charged for admission and children are accepted or rejected on the basis of an examination. These include many church-supported schools, usually Catholic, which also charge a fee.

3. Education is compulsory for every child from the age of 6 up to the age of 16 except in some states where it is compulsory to the age of 17 or 18. The school year is usually 9 months, from early September to mid June. Elementary (primary) and secondary (high) schools are organized on one of two bases: eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school, or six years of elementary school, three years of junior high school and three years of senior high school.

4. Out of more than three million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on higher education. Successful applicants at colleges of a leading university are usually chosen on the basis of their high school records, recommendations from their high school teachers, their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs).

5. The system of higher education in the United States comprises three categories of institutions: 1) the university, which may contain several colleges for undergraduates seeking a bachelor’s (four-year) degree and one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree; 2) the technical training institutions at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a variety of technical skills; 3) the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges.

6. The old private north-eastern universities, commonly known as the Ivy League, include Harvard Radcliff, Yale University, Columbia College, Princeton University, Brown University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, University of Pennsylvania. With their traditions and long established reputations they occupy a position in American university life like Oxford and Cambridge in England, particularly Harvard and Yale.
Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. 
   What educational spheres does the federal government support?
   
2. 
   What kinds of school are there in the USA?
   
3. 
   How are elementary and secondary schools organized?
   
4. 
   What is the basis for entrance to colleges of a leading university?
   
5. 
   What categories of institutions does the system of higher education in the United States comprise?
   
6. 
   What universities are known as the Ivy League?
   

Контрольная работа № 2

1. 
   Конструкция “there” + “to be” в Present, Past, Future Indefinite.
   
2. 
   Видовременные формы глаголов в действительном и страдательном залоге.
   
3. 
   Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
   
4. 
   Косвенная речь. Порядок слов в косвенной речи.
   

Вариант 1

1. 
   There … kangaroos, duckbills, koalas and a great number of different birds in Australia.
   
2. 
   The First Fleet under the command of Captain Arthur Philip arrived in Botany Bay on January 26, 1788, but soon moved north to Sydney Cove, where there … better land and water.
   
3. 
   How many ships … there in Captain Arthur Philip’s Fleet in 1788?
   

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:

1. 
   Since a lot of major international events in the 80s, Brisbane has developed into a lovely, cosmopolitan city with several interesting districts, a good street café scene, a great riverside park, a busy cultural calendar and decent nightlife.
   
2. 
   The country occupies the whole continent, so the climate is different in different regions of the country.
   
3. 
   Australia became a nation when federation of the separate colonies took place on 1 January 1901.
   
4. 
   The discovery of gold had changed the face of the colony by the end of the 19^th century.
   
5. 
   If you’re looking for Australian landscapes of red earth, rock, gum trees and blue skies, the Kimberley is the place to come.
   

Задание 3. Выпишите из текста (Зад. 7.) все предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   The successful Olympic Games (to hold) in Sydney in 2000.
   
2. 
   Modern Aboriginal art recently (to undergo) a revival as Aboriginal artists (to explore) ways to both preserve their ancient values and share them with a wider community.
   
3. 
   I (to dream) of going to Australia since my childhood when I read books about kangaroos.
   
4. 
   Canberra (to perceive) long as the “fat cat” of Australian cities, a town of politicians and bureaucrats living off the hard work of their country folk.
   
5. 
   Australia's art festivals (to attract) people from all over Australia to see mainstream and drama, dance, music and visual arts.
   

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы, подчеркните данные глаголы:

1. 
   In 1787 the First Fleet set sail for Botany Bay and Captain Arthur Philip was to become the colony’s first governor.
   
2. 
   From June to August things have cooled down a little and this is a good time to visit snowfields of Victoria and New South Wales where you can ski.
   
3. 
   You should visit the magnificent Great Barrier Reef that can be named as one of the world’s natural wonders.
   

Задание 6. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   She said, “I have never been to Australia”.
   
2. 
   The teacher asked, “Do you know the capital of Australia?”
   
3. 
   Mother asked, “Please, tell me of Australia’s sights, it is your hometask for tomorrow”.
   

AUSTRALIA

2. Australia became a nation when federation of the separate colonies took place on 1 January 1901. The separate Australian colonies united and proclaimed themselves the Commonwealth of Australia – a federation of six states. Many of the legal and cultural ties with England remained as it was Captain James Cook who claimed the continent for the British and named it New South Wales in 1770. Australian national flag consists of five white stars of the Southern Cross and the white Commonwealth star on a blue background with Union Jack that represents the historical link with Britain.

4. There are some unique phenomena of nature of Australia. There is the magnificent reef which runs along the entire coast of Queensland. The Great Barrier Reef stretches about 2000 km. It is the most extensive reef system and the biggest structure made by living organisms on the earth. There are more than 350 species of corals. Another sight is Uluru (Ayers Rock), it is the world’s largest sandstone monolith. Now it has a smooth round shape. The 3.6 km. long rock rises a towering 348 m from the pancake-flat surrounding scrub, just in the middle of the country. The most outstanding section is the Port Campbell National Park, which features an amazing collection of limestone sculptures, including the Twelve Apostles, London Bridge.

5. The official language of Australia is English. More than 80 per cent of the population is British. There are still many Aboriginal languages, though they are spoken by only a few hundred speakers each and their continued existence is threatened. By the mid-20th century, with rapid decline of its Aboriginal tongues, English was without rivals in Australia.
Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. 
   What is Australia washed by?
   
2. 
   What does Australian national flag consist of?
   
3. 
   How does the climate vary in Australia?
   
4. 
   What are unique phenomena of nature of Australia?
   
5. 
   What languages are spoken in Australia?
   

Вариант 2

2. How many political parties … there in the USA?

3. There … territorial expansion and economic growth in the first century and a half of the country’s history.
Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:

1. 
   Only time and further study of the West will reveal whether any of these regions, so distant from the historic sources of US population and culture, have the capacity to become an independent cultural area.
   
2. 
   However the financial crisis in 2008 had a great impact on the country’s economy, and now the USA is gradually overcoming economic problems.
   
3. 
   Southern California is the largest and perhaps the most distinctive region, and its specific culture has attracted large numbers of immigrants to the state.
   
4. 
   The concept of the American West, strong in the popular imagination, is reinforced constantly by romanticized cinematic and television images of the cowboy.
   
5. 
   The original Thanksgiving celebration in the USA was held in 1621 after the first harvest in New England. The Pilgrims had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, arriving December 21, 1620.
   

Задание 3. Выпишите из текста (Зад. 7.) все предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   Washington (to found) in 1790 and (to name) after the first US president, George Washington, as the capital of the sovereign states, which (to call) the United States of America.
   
2. 
   The Statue of Liberty is about 50 metres high and (to stand) on the pedestal, its torch (to rise) about 60 metres above the harbour.
   
3. 
   Thanksgiving Day (to proclaim) by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, and since that time it (to celebrate) on the fourth Thursday of November.
   

1. 
   The United States contains a highly diverse population; but its diversity has to a great degree come from an immense and sustained global immigration.
   
2. 
   The division between two subregions remains distinct from Virginia to Texas, but each region can be further subdivided.
   
3. 
   Within the Upland South, the Ozark region might legitimately be detached from the Appalachian. Peninsular Florida may be considered either within or juxtaposed to the South but necessarily part of it.
   

Задание 7. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   The guide asked, “How long are going to stay in New York?”
   
2. 
   I answered, “Three days. But I’d like to see all the sights of New York.”
   
3. 
   He asked, “What are you interested in?”
   

Задание 8. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5 абзацы.

2. The total area of the United States is 3679192 square miles (9529063 sq. km.), making it the fourth country in the world in area. Outlying territories and other politically associated areas in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea add approximately 4000 square miles to this figure.

3. The major characteristic of the United States is probably its great variety. Its physical environment ranges from the Arctic to the subtropical, from the most rain forest to the arid desert, from the mountain peak to the flat prairie. Although the total population of the United States is large by world standards, its overall population density is relatively low; the country embraces some of the world’s largest urban concentrations as well as some of the most extensive areas that are almost devoid of habitation.

4. The United States contains a highly diverse population; but its diversity has to a great degree come from an immense and sustained global immigration. Probably no other country has a wider range of racial, ethnic and cultural types than does the United States. In addition to the presence of surviving native Americans (including American Indians, Aleuts and Eskimo) and the descendants of Africans taken as slaves to America, the national character has been enriched, tested, and constantly redefined by millions of immigrants who have gone to America hoping for greater social, political and economic opportunities than they had in the places they left.

1. 
   What is the USA bounded on?
   
2. 
   What is the total area of this country?
   
3. 
   What is the country’s variety manifested in?
   
4. 
   Why is the population of the United States highly diverse?
   
5. 
   What does the nation’s wealth depend on?
   

Вариант 3

1. 
   There … many industrial cities in the UK such as Manchester, Leeds, Bristol, Edinburgh, Birmingham and others.
   
2. 
   Next year there … a new modern building in this street.
   
3. 
   According to the Roman historian Tacitus in London there … a lot of merchants and their wares within 20 years of its foundation.
   

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:

1. 
   One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain.
   
2. 
   The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies most of the territory of the British Isles.
   
3. 
   Anti-pollution measures have transformed The Thames.
   
4. 
   A new Thames Strategy is preserving many of the historic features along its routes and providing continuous walkways and cycle routes.
   
5. 
   In the early 19^th century new docks were constructed to the East. Over the years these docks became outdated and were closed during and after 1960s.
   

Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глаголы в соответствующую видовременную форму:

1. 
   Festivals of folk songs (to attend) by a lot of people annually.
   
2. 
   To the north of Piccadilly Circus is Soho, which (to be) the foreign quarter of London since the 17 century.
   
3. 
   In Westminster Abbey many English kings and queens (to crown) and (to bury) there.
   
4. 
   When we came to Speakers’ Corner in Hyde Park, someone (to make) a speech about the British history.
   
5. 
   It is September, 25 and now I’m in Scotland, but by October, 3 the trip around the UK (completed) and I (to be) already at home.
   

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы, подчеркните данные глаголы:

1. 
   On sunny days, students and other young people are often to be seen having a sandwich lunch on the portico of the National Gallery, overlooking Trafalgar Square.
   
2. 
   In the National Portrait Gallery the visitor can see portraits of British monarchs since the reign of Richard II and of historical celebrities such as Chaucer and Shakespeare.
   
3. 
   It may happen to you. If you come to Hyde Park one day, you may become an orator too. Speakers’ Corner cannot be found anywhere in England or anywhere in the world.
   

Задание 6. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. 
   I asked the guide, “What is Whitehall famous for?”
   
2. 
   The guide answered, “It’s a street where all the government offices are.”
   
3. 
   I asked, “Will you show me this street?”
   

Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-ый и 3-ий абзацы.

THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

2. One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England, about 200 miles long. The climate of Britain is mild and warm because of the warm Gulf Stream.

3. The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often call British people “English”, bur the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the fifth and sixth centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name – “Angle” land. They were conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born. The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.

4. The flag of the UK, known as Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

5. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. 
   Why are the North Sea and the English Channel often called “the narrow seas”?
   
2. 
   What is specific in British nature?
   
3. 
   Why is it said that the English people and the English language were born from the union of Norman conquerors and the Anglo-Saxons?
   
4. 
   What do three crosses on the national flag represent?
   
5. 
   Why is the UK a highly developed industrial country?
   

Вариант 4

1. 
   In Quebec there … some dishes worth tasting: French pea soup, meat pies and poutine (French fries covered with gravy and cheese curds).
   
2. 
   How many provinces and territories … there in Canada?
   
3. 
   In 1400s there … many French colonists on the banks of St. Lawrence River.
   

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:

1. 
   The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various
   
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