КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

Контрольная работа № 1

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Students of our department study Information science in the first course.

2. This engineer works at the physical laboratory.

3. There are some computers at the University’s library.

2. There is modern office equipment in their laboratory.

3. Students of our department have good knowledge of algorithmic languages.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” в Present, Past, Future Simple Active и переведите их на русский язык:

1. Extra-mural students ______ general technical subjects in the first year (to have).

2. The Dean of our department _____ at the computer centre last week (to be).

3. There _____ local and global networks at all higher educational establishments (to be).
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In the modern world even children play electronic games on computers or play stations.

2. Many corporations and companies introduced local computer networks and information systems into their business, production, service and management.

3. Soon portable computers will provide continuous access to information in all areas.

4. A young statistician Hollerith invented a means of coding data by punching holes into cards.

Second generation computers using transistors began to appear in 1959. The internal storage used magnetic cores. This form of storage represented a tremendous increase of speed and reduction of bulk over previous storage methods. The external storage of second generation computers used magnetic discs. This form of storage also added increased speed and greater “online” capability as compared to magnetic tape systems.

Third generation computers began to emerge in 1964. These computers used integrated circuits. It increased their capability and decreased size. Integrated technology also provided improved internal storage capability. Solid-state memory greatly increased the speed and capacity of the external memory while decreasing its cost and complexity.

Later model computers have the capability of handling numerous input devices directly. Modern computers are so fast in their operation that they can handle many users without users being aware that others are on the system.
Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на поставленный вопрос:

8. 
   When did the third generation computers emerge?
   

Вариант 2

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Задание 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Millions of people use computers all over the world.

2. A computer processes the increasing data according to external procedures.

3. Our University’s library is operated electronically.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов “to be”, “to have”:

1. Modern computers have a tremendous operating capability.

2. Computer memory is directly addressable and may contain both data and instructional words.

3. The engineers had to replace a faulty device of the computer system.

1. A silicon chip ______ a member of the family of large scale integrated circuits (to be).

3. Many ideas of the English mathematician Ch. Babbage _______ the basis for building today’s computers (to be).

1. Microprocessor systems incorporate modules, small computer systems and full development systems.

2. My friend wants to become a specialist in information technology.

3. The Russian government will provide all schools of the country with the Internet.

4. He developed the idea of keeping instructions for the computer inside the computer’s memory.

1. Capability; 2. computer; 3. introduction; 4. available; 5. peripheral; 6. different; 7. digital; 8. development; 9. installation; 10. directly.

Computers form a part of many military systems including communication and control. They are applied for automatic piloting and automatic navigation. Space exploration depends on computers for guidance, on-board environment and research.

1. What is the role of computers in modern life?

Вариант 3

Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Задание 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Computers are one of the greatest inventions of mankind.

2. My friend studies a special subject – Computer science- learning to use computers properly.

3. Charles Babbage’s invention of computers is a well-known fact.

2. Some people think that computers are dangerous for their health.

3. Their aim was to install computers in all the laboratories.
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” в Present, Past, Future Simple Active и переведите их на русский язык.

1. This unit developed in 1975 ______ a third generation computer (to be).

3. Soon all classrooms _____ provided with computers (to be).

2. The first generation computers comprised vacuum tubes.

3. This engineer will work with computer systems of the last generation.

4. A computer requires appropriate input-output devices.

Many corporations, companies and institutions have introduced local computer networks and information systems. They use them in their business, production, service and management. A computer is becoming an indispensable “must have” not only in business but in our everyday life. Moreover, computers and Internet enable us to pick up knowledge and to maintain a remote control at a great distance away.

1. Who has introduced local computer networks and information systems into business and management?

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

2. The name “computer” covers many different types of machines.

3. All computers have three basic capabilities.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов “to be”, “to have”:

1. Systems software are the programmes designed to control the operation of a computer system.

2. Modern computers have many additional ways of processing various data.

3. Our aim was to integrate both input and output devices into one terminal.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” в Present, Past, Future Simple Active и переведите их на русский язык:

1. All computers ______ basically the same (to be).

3. Soon all schools of the country_____ provided with Internet systems (to be).

2. Those specialists will work with computer systems of the last generation.

3. A programmer gives instructions and data to the computer.

4. Computers became valuable medical diagnostic tools.

1. What fields have local computer networks been introduced into?

Вариант 5
Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Von Neumann’s creation of a special type of machine instruction was the next step in the development of computers.

2. The engineer wants to work out a fully programmable system.

3. First electronic computers appeared during the Second World War.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов “to be”, “to have”:

1. Modern computers are very fast in their operation.

3. Automatic train control is impossible without computer application.

1. Extra-mural students ______ a special subject –computer science – last year (to have).

2. The engineers of our department _____ at the computer center next week (to be).

3. Microprocessors _____ many advantages over conventional computer systems (to have).

1. The first generation computers comprised vacuum tubes.

3. These multitask computers will process the incoming data according to internal procedures.

4. Modern computers perform optical scanning and image processing.
Задание 5. Перепишите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием.

1. Extra-mural; 2. department; 3. generation; 4. incoming; 5. numerous; 6. fully; 7. programmable; 8. creation; 9. electronic; 10. business.

About twenty years ago information systems in this country were applied only in the sphere of high technologies in science, design work, research and development. Now information technologies are introduced in all institutions of Russia’s government. Many corporations, banks and numerous companies have local networks and information systems. They facilitate management, accounting, inventorying and information flows.

Information technologies are widely used in transportation industry too. There are computerized systems of selling tickets, passenger and freight control, logistic monitoring, rollick stock operations, personnel management and accounting reports. The underground and rapid transit systems are also controlled with computerized technologies.

It’s improve productivity and customer services, stimulates cost savings, etc. It is known that ITs are paying off handsomely.

Контрольная работа № 2

необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

Вариант 1

2. These engineers will become experts at linking groups of computerized machines to form automated systems.

3. Scientists have long predicted that computers would one day help to speed up the task of translating texts.

4. Scientists are looking for new ways for the improvement of integrated circuits technology.

1. Using computers they could operate their production efficiently.

3. Computerized systems developed for numerous monitoring production processes are very promising.

4. Early computers using vacuum tubes performed computations in thousands of seconds.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Computer systems may be classed into three generations.

3. These integrated circuits must be used for new microprocessors.

4. Electronic pulses can move at a speed of light.
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, укажите правильный перевод глагола-сказуемого.

1. In 1942 John P. Eckret and John W. Mauchly were working to build a high-speed electronic computer. (Работает, работали, проработали, будут работать).

2. Such computers are mostly found in large computer centers staffed with many programmer and support personnel. (Нашли, находятся, будут находиться, находились.)

3. We take an active part in the process of computerization of our society. (Принимаем участие, будем принимать участие, принимали участие).

4. These technological discoveries will find their way into new models of digital computers. (Находят, находятся, найдут, нашли.)
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов в страдательном залоге.

1. The vacuum tube computers are referred to as the first generation computers

3. This model of computers will be subjected to careful consideration.

4. The size of computers was greatly reduced due to integrated circuits.
Задание 6. Перепишите и переведите текст письменно.
SOME FIRST COMPUTER MODELS
The work on introducing electronics into the design of computers was going on. A vacuum tube was ideal for the application in computers. It had no mechanical moving parts. It switched flows of electrons off and on for faster than any mechanical devices. It was relatively reliable and operated hundreds of hours without failure. The first vacuum tube computer, capable of performing thousands of related computations was called ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer). It used 45 vacuum tubes for internal logic and capacitors for storage. From ABC a number of vacuum tube digital computers developed. In the 50’s two important engineering discoveries changed an electronic computer field. These discoveries were the magnetic core memory and the Transistor Circuit Element. These technical discoveries quickly found their way into new models of digital computers.

However these machines were very expensive to purchase or even to rent. Such computers were mostly found in large computer centers operated by industry and government.
Задание 7. Ответьте на вопрос согласно тексту:

1. What engineering discoveries changed the image of the electronic-computer field?

1. Early computer languages included FORTRAN, LISP and COBOL.

3. Such systems will start working in Russia in the near future.

4. The scientists are testing the new type of integrated circuit now.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, установите функции каждого из них. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A local area network is a communication network used by a single organization.

2. Processing is a series of operations converting inputs into outputs.

3. The Internet began in the 1960s for connecting millions of computers, people, software programs, databases and files.

4. Operating with graphical interface people usually use a mouse and a track ball.

1. Metal can be extracted from old chips and plastics can be reused.

2. This computer system may be brought into use in some time.

3. Specialists had to work out a new architecture for the central computer.

4. Programmers must write application programmes in a way that computers can understand.

2. This computerized system was objected to by many specialists.

3. In the nearest future electronic devices will be increasingly used in scientific research and industrial designing.

4. Many fields of technology were revolutionized due to transistors.

THE FIRST COMPUTERS

When ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was heralded in the press as a "Giant Brain". It was used from 1946 to 1955. It is accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic computer.

1. What does ENIAC mean?

Вариант 3
Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. These multitask computers process the incoming data according to internal procedures.

2. The third generation computers used integrated circuits to increase capability and decrease size.

3. The engineer will be working at this computer the whole year.

4. The computer has just accomplished the processing of the data on passenger traffic.

1. Being so fast in their operation modern computers can handle many users simultaneously.

2. The work on introducing electronics into the design of computers was going on.

3. Vacuum tube had no mechanically moving parts.

2. They had to work hard to make computers cheaper.

3. Magnetic disks could be used in first generation computers for the external storage.

4. Computers are able to store vast amounts of information.

1. Early computers were looked at with great interest by many specialists.

3. The information will be referred to by many specialists.

4. Before the invention of the transistor its function was performed by vacuum tubes.
Задание 6. Перепишите и переведите текст письменно.
FOUR GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
The first vacuum tube computers are referred to as first generation computers. Those devices were bulky and not very reliable. Such devices as transistors were unvented in 1948. They improved computers and made them faster. Computers of the second generation used a large number of transistors. They were able to reduce computational time.

Advances in technology continued. In the 1970s entire assemblies became available on tiny chips. It became possible to create cheaper computer systems. Computers based on the integrated circuit technology were called the third generation computers. They could perform many data processing operations in nanoseconds, which are billionths of seconds.

In 1975 the first personal computer, the ALT AIR, was marketed in a kit form. This computer had no keyboard but a panel of switches to enter the information. Bill Gates and his partners wrote BASIC complier for the machine. The next year the Apple Company began to market PCs.

So fourth generation computers have arrived and the integrated circuits have been greatly reduced in size due to microminiaturization.

1. When was the first PC marketed?

1. The term “microprocessor” has come to mean the central processing unit (CPU) of a small computer system.

2. The system processes all of the minimum requirements of a computer.

3. The number of applications for microprocessors is increasing daily in industry, in banking, in power generation and distribution, in telecommunications, etc.

4. In the mid-1940s engineers developed electronic computers to perform calculations for military and scientific purposes.

1. The data and programmed instructions may be arranged in any desired order.

3. Such computers operating in industry, government and private laboratories are mostly found in large computer centers.

4. Using a display you can correct mistakes, delete words and replace sentences.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The terms “microcomputer” and “microprocessor” can be used interchangeably when referring to the whole system.

2. This microprocessor is to receive data in the form of strings of binary digits.

3. Present microprocessors may vary in their detailed architecture.

4. This data base could be relied on.
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, укажите правильный перевод глагола-сказуемого.

1. Chips are used to construct a module, modules to construct a small computer system and small computers to construct a full-development system. (Использовали, используются, используется, будут использоваться).

2. The second level of the hierarchy, the module and local-board systems represents the simplest true computer system. (Представлены, представят, будут представлены, представляет).

3. This system has been installed in different fields of engineering. (Вводится, будут введены, ввели, была введена).

4. Professor Т. is delivering a lecture on the development of information technologies in Russia. (Прочитал, прочтет, читает, будет читать).
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов в страдательном залоге.

1. The advantages of the small computer system level are considered in the paper.

2. This group of computers is considered carefully by our specialists.

3. The invention of computers was much spoken about in the early 1960s.

This definition, although correct, is somewhat broad. The term “microprocessor” has come to mean the central processing unit (CPU) of a small computer system. By itself, a microprocessor cannot function. But when it is combined with a number of support circuits it has most of the characteristics included in the classic definition of a computer. The microprocessor has traded the greater speed and word length of a computer for compact size and low cost.

A microcomputer is a fully operational system based upon a microprocessor chip which in itself contains a large percentage of the computer capability. The system possesses all the minimum requirements of a computer. There are different types of microprocessors. They can be general-purpose or special purpose, single-chip or bit-slice.

Microprocessors are small and cheap enough that they've found their way into thousands of products, not just personal computers. 
Задание 7. Ответьте на вопрос согласно тексту:

1. How are modern microprocessors differentiated?

1. Many corporations, banks and companies have set up local networks and information systems.

2. Numerous advantages led to the development of computers created in 1953.

3. These computers will use special devices providing high-speed operation.

4. The engineers are working hard over improvements in the design and manufacture of different laptops.

1. There are two common techniques for planning the logic of a programme.

2. Any problem must be specially processed for the computer to understand it.

3. Digital computers are divided into five main types depending on their size and power.

4. Improved methods of obtaining three-dimensional television pictures were worked out on the basis of holography.

1. The smallest computers can be held in one hand and must be used as electronic organizers for storing notes, reminders and addresses.

3. They had to install the fourth generation computer in their laboratory.

4. The instructions of the programme must be complete or else you will get the wrong answers.
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, укажите правильный перевод глагола-сказуемого.

1. Pcs carry out their processing on a single microchip. (Выполняли, выполняются, выполняют, будут выполнять).

2. A computer system consists of two parts: the software and the hardware. (Состоят, состояла, состоит, будет состоять).

3. The basic structure of a computer system has been made up of three main hardware sections: a central processing unit, the main memory and the peripherals. (Составлена, была составлена, были составлены, будет составлена).

4. Computer-controlled robots improved the quality of manufactured products. (Улучшат, улучшают, улучшили, были улучшены).
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов в страдательном залоге.

1. The phase in which the programmes are written is called the development stage

2. Symbolic languages can be easily converted into a machine code.

3. This information will be checked in details.

4. The transistor was replaced by vacuum tubes thanks to its numerous advantages.

The phase in which the programmes are written is called the development stage. The programmes are lists of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of the central processing unit (CPU). The instruction of the programme must be completed in the appropriate sequence or the wrong answer will result. To guard against these errors, logic plans should be developed. There are two common techniques for planning the logic of a programme. They are flow charting and pseudo code.

1. What is the essence of programming?

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО ЖЕЛЕЗНЫХ ДОРОГ.
ПУТЬ И ПУТЕВОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВ. СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО.

Контрольная работа № 1

Вариант 1

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Задание 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The "Big Ben" clock weighs 13.5 tons.

2. Most of London's places of interest are to the north of the river Thames.

3. Hyde Park covers 360 acres.
Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существи­тельным.

1. The bus stop is not far from here.

2. Several Moscow University physicists work at .this problem.

3. There are only daylight lamps in this room.

Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul's Cathedral.

2. This room is smaller than that one.

3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. At some of the London Underground stations there are lifts, others have escalators.

2. Any student of our group can speak on the history of London.

3. No park in London is as popular as Hyde Park.

1. This student first came to Moscow in 1985.

2. The Port-of London is to the east of the City.

3. In a few days she will leave for Leningrad.

Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно, переведите 1, 2, 3,6 и 7-й абзацы.

LONDON

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. It lies in the South East of England on both banks of the river Thames. London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest port and industrial town in England. London is more than twenty centuries old.

2. The heart of the capital is the City. The territory of the City is only about one square mile, but it is the financial and business centre of the country. It contains almost all important English banks and offices.

3. The West End of London is famous for its beautiful monuments and palaces, fine parks, fashionable shops and big hotels. The East End is quite different from the West End. It is the district of factories, plants and the docks. The main branches of industry are machine building, shipbuilding, metal processing and others. The narrow streets and poor houses of the East End present a contrast to the homes of the rich people in the West End.

4. There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with the Nelson's monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful buildings in London. It contains the memorials of many famous citizens of Britain.

5. Across the road from Westminster Abbey are the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British government. The clock tower towers over the Houses of Parliament. It contains' "Big Ben" - one of the largest clocks in the world.

6. The Tower of London is one of the most interesting places in London. It was a fortress, a royal residence, a prison, now it is a museum. Not far from the tower you can see the Tower Bridge, one of the finest bridges in London.

7. London is famous for its green parks. Hyde Park is the most popular of them. It is the greatest park in London as well.

8. London is the centre of the country's cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums there. The National Gallery houses a priceless collection of paintings. The famous British Museum is one of the best museums in the world. In the library of the British Museum a number of writers gathered materials for their works there.
Задание 8. Прочтите 8-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажи­те номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Who worked in the library of the British Museum?

1. Prominent scientists worked there.

2. A number of writers gathered materials for their works there.

Вариант 2
Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Soviet chemical science is successfully solving many complex problems.

2. Radio astronomy has given mankind efficient means for penetration into space.

3. Becquerel's discovery was followed by an. intensive research work of Marie and Pierre Curie.

4. Heat energy is transmitted in two different ways.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на рус­ский язык.

1. Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.

2. The atoms forming, our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.

3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metals heat-resistant.

1. One object may be larger than another one, but it may weigh less.

2. Mass can also be defined as a measure of inertia.

3. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.

1. Herman Helmholtz ['hә:man 'helmhכlts] — Герман Гельмгольц

2. celebrated - знаменитый, прославленный

3. ophthalmoscope [oftallmכskoup] - офтальмоскоп

4. colour-blindness - дальтонизм, неспособность глаза различать некоторые цвета

5. through [ru : ] - из-за, благодаря

6. vortex motion [ 'уэ :teks] - вихревое движение

7. versatile ('vaәsatail] - разносторонний, многосторонний

8. ultimately [ ' ^ Itimәtli] — в конечном счете, в конце концов

HERMAN HELMHOLTZ (1821-1894)

Задание 5. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

For what researches will Helmholtz be remembered?

1.... for his celebrated paper in theoretical physics.

2.... for his epoch-making researches in physiological optics and acoustics.

3.... for his paper on vortex motion.

Вариант 3

1. In 1745 Lomonosov (was appointed, appointed) a professor at the Academy of Sciences.

2. The first electric lamp (was invented, invented) in 1873 by A.N. Lodygin.

3. In 1911 Marie Curie (was received, received) the Nobel Prize in chemistry.

1. Lomonosov considered chemistry to be his “main profession”.

2. The air is known to be a mixture of gases.

3. Lomonosov is considered to be a great scientist.

1. Lomonosov began to work at an early age.

2. Edison founded an electric company to supply electricity to New York and other places.

3. The experiment to be made by this scientist will give us important information.

1. They must solve a number of scientific problems.

2. She can do this work in time.

3. You may use this method in your research.

“any”, “no”.

1. 
   There were (some, any, no) other higher schools at that time in Russia.
   
2. 
   Can you give me (some, any, no) magazines?
   
3. 
   They carried out (some, any, no) experiments today.
   

Задание 6. Переведите текст и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How old was Lomonosov when he left his native village?

2. When was the first Russian University founded?

M. V. LOMONOSOV

1. M.V.Lomonosov was born in 1711 in the village of Denisovka near Arkhangelsk in the family of a fisherman. At the age of 17 he left his native village and made his way to Moscow. In Moscow he entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. Lomonosov didn’t finish his last grade as he was sent with eleven other pupils to St.Petersburg to study at the Academy of Sciences.

2. Less than a year after he came to Petersburg Lomonosov was sent abroad to study metallurgy and mining. In 1741 Lomonosov returned to Russia and began to teach chemistry and physics at the Academy.

3. Lomonosov established the fundamental law of chemical change of substance, which is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.

4. Lomonosov founded a new science that we call today physical chemistry. He also studied electrical phenomena in atmosphere of the Earth, the native of light, and designed an improved telescope. Lomonosov considered nature to be in a state of constant change and development. Coal, oil etc. were all formed as a result of evolution.

5. Lomonosov was a great scientist. His works in poetry had a great influence on Russian literature. Owing to his efforts, the first Russian University was founded in Moscow in1755. This University bearing his name became the center of knowledge and science in Russia.

Вариант 4

Задание 1. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните в каждом глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог; предложения переведите:

1. 
   All molecules are always moving in random (беспорядочный) way.
   
2. 
   There are only two kinds of energy transfer-wave motion and particle motion.
   
3. 
   The new principles of public education have produced new social phenomena in our society.
   
4. 
   All temperature scales are based on the physical properties of water.
   
5. 
   The data of his scientific research are often referred to.
   

Задание 2. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните Part.1. и Part.2; укажите функцию каждого из них; т.е. определите, будет ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите:

3. 
   When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.
   
4. 
   The Celsius scale (шкала Цельсия) is the scale used in most scientific Experiments
   
5. 
   Dividing a bar magnet into two parts, one fields that each of the two parts is a magnet.
   
6. 
   A plane moving at high speeds through air compresses the air in front of it.
   
7. 
   The speed of very fast planes and missiles (летающие снаряды) is usually described by a Mach number.
   

Задание 3. Переведите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент:

1. Artificial light can be produced in several ways.

2. Objects may reflect most of one colour, half of another colour, and a small percentage of some others.

3. You must read this book. It’s really excellent.

4. English school children have to learn a complicated system of weights and measures.

5. You are to stay at the laboratory till the professor comes. That is his request.

6. You have put too much in your rucksack you will never be able to carry all that.

Задание 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL –

THE FAMOUS SCOTTISH MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICIST
1. Maxwell was born in a well-known Scottish family, early showed signs of mathematical talent. At the age of fifteen he contributed a piece of original work on the drawing of oval curves to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The work was so well done that many refused to believe that such a young boy could be the author. At Cambridge, which he entered in 1850, he graduated second in his class in mathematics, as Kelvin had done before him. Maxwell was appointed to his first professorship in 1856.

2. In 1871 Maxwell was appointed professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. While at Cambridge he organized the Cavendish Laboratory, named in honour of the eccentric English scientist Henry Cavendish of the previous century. Several decades later the Cavendish Laboratory was to do great work in connection with radioactivity.

3. The most important work of Maxwell life carried on between 1864 and 1873, when he placed into mathematical form the speculators of Faraday, concerning magnetic lines of force. Maxwell’s theory showed that electricity, and magnetism could not exist in isolation.

Where one was so was the other, so that his work is usually referred to as the electromagnetic theory.

Maxwell died before the age of fifty in 1879. When Einstein’s theories upset almost all of “classical physics”, Maxwell’s equations remained untouched as valid as ever.
Задание 5. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

Why did many refuse to believe that such a young boy could be the author?

1… because they had never seen Maxwell before.

2… because they did not like the boy.

3… because the work was done to well for such a young boy.
Вариант 5
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните в каждом глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог; предложения переведите:

1. The inventors or ideas of one man have often become the base for expanded work by another.

2. There are only 92 naturally occurring elements.

3. The results of his expedition to the North were much spoken about.

4. The design of this experiment electronic device was worked out at our laboratory.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните Part.1. и Part.2; укажите функцию каждого из них; т.е. определите, будет ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите:

1. Heat gained by one substance is heat lost by another.

2. Working day and night Jack London wrote poetry, essays (эссе, очерки) and stories, sending them to magazines, but receiving only rejection letters (отказы).

3. The motion of the boiling water is caused by the bubbles of vapour rising through the water.

4. In 1876 Yablochow was working in Paris.

5. When heated to a certain temperature, water increase in volume.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент:

1. When the garage (мастерская) had repaired our car we were able to continue our journey.

2. Our laboratory assistant fell ill and had to leave the Institute early.

3. He was to come at 10.00 but nobody saw him.

4. Infra-red waves can be stopped by glass.

5. Many possible solutions (растворы) may be tired and tested before the final and correct solution is reached.
Задание 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

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