Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Costa Rica Telecommunications Sector Modernization Project


Potential Occupational Health And Safety Risks



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5.4Potential Occupational Health And Safety Risks


Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks or hazards in telecommunication projects may occur during the construction works and maintenance and operation of telecommunication facilities. These are based on IFC’s EHS Guidelines for Telecommunications (see Annex 1) and EBRD’s Sub-sectoral Environmental Guidelines for Telecommunications (see Annex 2). They generally include the following:

5.4.1Contingencies


Workers may be exposed to contingencies or situations of emergency in case of an accident or a natural disaster during the construction or operational phases.

5.4.2Electrical safety


Workers may be exposed to occupational hazards from potential contact with live power lines during construction, maintenance and operation activities.

5.4.3Electromagnetic fields (occupational)


Electric utility workers typically have a higher exposure to EMF than the general public due to working in proximity to electric power lines.

5.4.4Optical fiber safety


Workers involved in fiber optic cable installation or repair may be at risk of permanent eye damage due to potential exposure to laser light during cable connection and inspection activities. Workers may also be exposed to minute or microscopic glass fiber shards that can penetrate human tissue through the skin or eyes, or by ingestion or inhalation. Optic fiber installation activities may pose a risk of fire due to the presence of flammable materials in high-powered laser installation areas.

5.4.5Elevated and overhead work


The assembly of towers and installation of antennae can pose a physical hazard to workers using lifts and elevated platforms, and to those located below due to the potential of falling objects.

5.4.6Fall protection


Workers may be exposed to occupational hazards when working at elevation during construction, maintenance, and operation activities. The absence of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety devices poses additional risks.

5.4.7Confined space entry


The type of confined spaces encountered in telecommunication projects varies but may include underground fixed line infrastructure in urban areas.

5.4.8Motor vehicle safety


The geographically dispersed nature of the infrastructure of some telecommunication operators may require the frequent use of ground transportation for maintenance activities.
Brief site visits conducted by ERM consultants revealed a number of breaches in the compliance of national and international OHS practices and in particular the following:


  • Access to the sites was sometime precarious and dangerous;

  • The fall protection along the masts was insufficient: the cable lines had no fixtures, the ladders along the towers and masts had no secondary protection;

  • Workers were wearing no PPE during maintenance operations;

  • Work at elevation was done without harness or other PPE;

  • Hazardous material (gasoline) was stored without label or secondary containment;

  • There was a general disregard of basic safety measures: an engine in one site was plugged into a metal ladder; diesel was stored and managed with no precautionary measures;

  • There were no signs indicating the presence of possible health and safety hazards;

  • Workers receive no training or information on the possible risks of exposure to EMF; and

  • There was waste in and around the site in several locations.

The conditions contained in the bidding documents prepared by the ICE for the providers require the latter to comply with the existing national legislation and regulations, in particular the Law on OHS. In these bidding documents supervision during construction works and maintenance falls within the responsibility of the providers of services. The ICE retains however an overall supervising role in ensuring that OHS regulations and best practices are followed. The major issue related to OHS seems to be non-compliance with the existing laws and regulations by the ICE providers and sub-contractors’ workers.


Table 5.3 outlines the potential occupational health and safety risks and the level of risks associated with the foreseen investments of the Project.

Table 5.3 Potential Occupational Health and Safety Hazards


Issue

Impact


Project Phase

Construction works

Operation and Maintenance

Contingencies

  • Eventual accidents or natural disasters causing emergency contingencies

* *

* *

Electrical safety

  • Contact with live power lines

* *

* *

Electromagnetic fields

  • Higher exposure to EMF due to working in proximity to electric power lines

*

*

Optical fiber safety

  • Risk of permanent eye damage due to exposure to laser light during cable connection and inspection activities

* *

*

  • Microscopic glass fiber shards that can penetrate human tissue through skin or eyes, or by ingestion or inhalation.

* *

*

  • Risk of fire due to the presence of flammable materials in high-powered laser installation areas.

* *




Elevated and overhead work

  • Physical hazard due to the potential for falling objects.

* *

*

Fall protection

  • Risk of fall when working at elevation during construction, maintenance, and operation activities.

* *

*

Confined space entry

  • Underground fixed line infrastructure in urban areas

*




Motor vehicle safety

  • Frequent use of ground transportation for maintenance activities increases risk of car accident.

*

*

Note:

* * * Major impact

* * Minor impact

* Minimal impact

√ Positive impact
The potential occupational health and safety impacts associated with the project are minimal to minor. They are likely to occur mainly during the construction works. The major issue related to OHS to date seems to be the non-compliance of the ICE providers and sub-contractors’ workers with the existing laws and regulations.



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