Fundamentals of geology I. (lithosphere) 1 1. The formation of the Earth 1
Fig. 2.3. The main types of biozones
Download 9 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Stratification
- Picts. 2.1., 2.2. ) (Fig. 2.4.
Fig. 2.3. The main types of biozones Chronostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the absolute, not relative, age of rock strata. The branch is based upon deriving geochronological data for rock units, both directly and inferentially, so that a sequence of time-relative events of rocks within a region can be derived. In essence, chronostratigraphy seeks to understand the geologic history of rocks and regions. The ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region and, eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth. Magnetostratigraphy is a chronostratigraphic technique used to date sedimentary and volcanic sequences. The method works by collecting oriented samples at measured intervals throughout a section. The samples are analyzed to determine their detrital remnant magnetism (DRM), that is, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field at the time a stratum was deposited. For sedimentary rocks, this is possible because, when very fine-grained magnetic minerals (< 17 micrometres) fall through the water column, they orient themselves with Earth's magnetic field. Upon burial, that orientation is preserved. The minerals behave like tiny compasses. For volcanic rocks, magnetic minerals, which form as the melt cools, orient with the ambient magnetic field.
Rivers, oceans, winds, and rain runoff all have the ability to carry the particles washed off of eroding rocks. Such material, called detritus, consists of fragments of rocks and minerals. When the energy of the transporting current is not strong enough to carry these particles, the particles drop out in the process of sedimentation. Because sediment is deposited in low lying areas that often extend over wide areas, successive depositional events produce layers called bedding or stratification that is usually the most evident feature of sedimentary rocks. The layering can be due to differences in color of the material, differences in grain size, or differences in mineral content or chemical composition. All of these differences can be related to differences in the environment present during the depositional events. A series of beds are referred to as strata. A sequence of strata that is sufficiently unique to be recognized on a regional scale is termed a formation. A formation is the fundamental geologic mapping unit (Picts. 2.1., 2.2.) (Fig. 2.4.).  
Directory: tartalom -> tamop412A tamop412A -> Agricultural Economics II. Popp, József Agricultural Economics II tamop412A -> Ethology practical Vilmos Altbäcker Márta Gácsi András Kosztolányi Ákos Pogány Gabriella Lakatos tamop412A -> Operating Systems Lecture Notes Attila Dr. Adamkó Operating Systems Lecture Notes tamop412A -> Agroinformatics Herdon, Miklós Agroinformatics tamop412A -> Paternoster of Programmers Reloaded tamop412A -> Lőrincz, András Mészáros, Tamás Pataki, Béla Embedded Intelligent Systems tamop412A -> This course is realized as a part of the TÁmop 1 A/1-11/1-2011-0038 project tamop412A -> Computational biochemistry ferenc Bogár György Ferency Download 9 Mb. Share with your friends:
|