Global History Regents Exam Question Bank Table of Contents

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  Unit 9.10
  
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    9.10a Various motives, new knowledge, and technological innovations influenced exploration and the development of European transoceanic trade routes.
    
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    9.10b Transatlantic exploration led to the Encounter, colonization of the Americas, and the Columbian exchange.
    
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    9.10c The decimation of indigenous populations in the Americas influenced the growth of the Atlantic slave trade. The trade of enslaved peoples resulted in exploitation, death, and the creation of wealth.
    
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    9.10d European colonization in the Americas and trade interactions with Africa led to instability, decline, and near destruction of once-stable political and cultural systems.
    
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    9.10e The Eastern Hemisphere trade networks were disrupted by the European development of new transoceanic trade across the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. Shifts in global trade networks and the use of gunpowder had positive and negative effects on Asian and European empires.
    

(2) a mandate from the papacy

(3) the desire to control sources of gold and silver

(4) the need to secure laborers for factories in Europe

(1) limit which ideas can be transmitted

(2) redefine human understanding of the world

(3) reinforce established traditional beliefs

(4) exploit new sources of energy
Which technological development enabled European navigators to determine their location during the Age of Exploration?

(1) lateen sail

(3) cross bow

(2) astrolabe

(4) caravel
One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of Columbus to the west was to

(1) find a more direct trade route to Asia

(2) obtain military technology

(3) make contact with the Empire of Benin

(4) trade in established ports in the Americas
In the late 1400s and early 1500s, what was a major reason for the European voyages of exploration?

(1) introduction of Enlightenment ideas

(2) desire to control Constantinople

(3) rapid industrialization

(4) need for alternate trade routes
• Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route from Europe to India.

• Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe.

• Issac Newton defined the forces of gravity.
These events relate most directly to

(1) revised understandings of natural surroundings

(2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile system

(3) increased suspicion between different religions

(4) development of new manufacturing techniques
Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely associated with the

(1) rise of feudalism

(2) Agricultural Revolution

(3) Age of Exploration

(4) Age of Reason
The combined usage of the caravel, compass, and astrolabe in the late 1400s helped bring about the

(1) migration of the Bantu

(2) exploration of the Americas

(3) introduction of Buddhism to East Asia

(4) voyages of Zheng He
Which geographic feature of Spain and Portugal most enhanced their ability to engage in exploration?

(1) peninsular location

(2) mountainous region

(3) extensive river system

(4) fertile plain
The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomeu Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the

(1) support of exploration by the English government

(2) trade connections established by Ibn Battuta

(3) effects of the Atlantic slave trade

(4) development of new navigational instruments and technology

During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the

(1) Gupta Empire

(2) Mongol Empire

(3) Age of Exploration

(4) medieval guilds

(1) experiment with new technology such as the astrolabe and sextant

(2) provide jobs for navigators, cartographers, and shipbuilders

(3) avoid the overland routes that were controlled by Muslim traders

Based on these documents, what were two ways the caravel affected European interaction with other groups?

The term mercantilism is best described as

(1) an economic policy in which a colonial power controls trade

(2) an international policy of laissez-faire economics

(3) a network linking industrialized nations

(4) an exchange of land between nobles

(1) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the military

(2) create laws which guaranteed individual freedoms

(3) teach the natives Christianity and offer them protection in exchange for labor

(4) increase their supply of gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade
Europeans considered mercantilism a successful policy because it

(1) encouraged self-sufficiency in less developed nations

(2) led to alliances with Asian countries

(3) protected traditional social practices

(4) created wealth for the colonial powers
During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770), European countries obtained both a source of raw materials and a reliable market for their finished goods by developing

(1) the policy of mercantilism

(2) laissez-faire principles

(3) trade cooperatives

(4) forts along the Silk Roads
A key objective of a mercantilist policy was to

(1) establish colonies for trade benefits

(2) promote warfare throughout Europe

(3) develop assembly lines in factories

(4) support the spread of communist ideas
• Spain mines silver in the Americas.

• The Dutch establish a colony in Southeast Asia.

• The English East India Company controls tea plantations in India.
Which policy is most closely associated with these events?

(1) pacifism

(2) mercantilism

(3) nonalignment

(4) containment
The policy of establishing colonies to gain wealth by controlling colonial trade is called

(1) socialism

(2) fascism

(3) mercantilism

(4) communism
According to the European policy of mercantilism, colonies should

(1) benefit the mother country

(2) trade openly with various countries

(3) be left alone to manage their own affairs

(4) attempt to gain independence as soon as possible
Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial Latin America?

(1) Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain.

(2) Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies.

(3) Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies.

(4) Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain.
What was the primary economic policy used by the Spanish with their Latin American colonies?

(1) embargoes

(2) tariffs

(3) boycotts

(4) mercantilism
Which idea is most closely associated with the economic concept of mercantilism?

(1) Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for a colonial power.

(2) Wealth and power are based on land exchanged between nobles.

(3) Goods and services are traded without government interference.

(4) Property is owned collectively and administered by the state.
Base your answer to question __ on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A:	My king has brought together the best mapmakers and scientists to study navigation. The expeditions he has sponsored will increase Portugal’s trade with the East and make us wealthy
Speaker B:	My people lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and fields. They received little economic benefit.
Speaker C:	My queen has chartered joint-stock companies to control trade with our colonies.
Speaker D:	My people were enslaved and have endured unspeakable hardships. Many died during the Middle Passage.

Which two speakers would most likely support mercantilism?

(1) A and B

(2) A and C

(3) B and D

(4) C and D
Which economic theory, developed in the 17th century, supported European colonialism?

(1) socialism

(2) mercantilism

(3) bartering

(4) feudalism
The purpose of colonies is to ship raw materials to the colonial power and buy finished goods from the colonial power. This statement reflects the basic idea of which economic system?

(1) socialism

(2) communism

(3) mercantilism  

(4) capitalism
Which statement best describes the concept of mercantilism?

(1) Universal suffrage leads to educated citizens.

(2) Controlling trade is a key to increasing power.

(3) Only the fittest deserve to survive.

(4) Strict social control prevents revolutions.
What was one goal of mercantilism?

(1) removal of trade barriers

(2) elimination of private property

(3) establishment of subsistence agriculture

Which policy is portrayed in this illustration?