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- Eng – Social Studies Guide for Chapter 2 – The Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
- Eng – Social Studies Guide for Chapter 3 – The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe
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Roman art was especially influenced by the __________. Roman sculptors were good at making______________ _______ and _________. What are Murals?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mosaics?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Frescos?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How might a Roman artist give a sense of style and luxury to an everyday object such as a wine bottle? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A __________ is a carved decoration showing a portrait or a scene. Roman art was rediscovered during the period called the _____________ . *Where might we find a modern example of the following forms of Roman art? -Mural-_______________________ -Mosaic-______________________ -Fresco-_______________________ -Statue-_______________________ -An Everyday Object (in the shape of something else)-_______________ The Legacy of Roman Architecture and Engineering Architecture 1. Define the following terms: -Vault-____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -Dome-____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The ___________ is an ancient Roman temple in Rome which uses a huge dome. 3. Concrete is made by mixing broken stone with _______, ________ and ________. 4. The _________ of the Colosseum made it easy for spectators to reach their seats and to exit the stadium. 5. A _________ arch is a huge monument built to celebrate great victories or achievements.
Romans were the greatest builders of _______, bridges and aqueducts. Define aqueduct __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Roman roads were built with layers of _______, ______ and _______. Aqueducts brought ________ from about 60 miles away to the homes of Rome’s wealthy citizens. *Name an example of a modern use of the following Roman architectural or engineering achievements: -Dome-_______________________ -Arch-________________________ -Triumphal Arch-_____________________ -Colosseum-____________________ -Roads-________________________ -Aqueducts_____________________ The Legacy of Roman Language and Writing ________ continued to be used by scholars and the Roman Catholic Church after the fall of Rome. Church ______ used Latin to record important documents. Define Scribe __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________, ________ and ________ were all European languages which developed from Latin. We use the Latin alphabet, but our version has ____ letters while the Latin version has _____ letters. Many English words come from ________ root words. Our calendar is derived from a Roman one. The month of ________ was originally meant to honor Caesar Augustus. Define Proverb __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What quantities do the following Roman numerals stand for: I _______ II _______ III _______ V _______ X _______ L _______ C _______ D _______ M _______ *Name two modern uses of Latin phrases and Roman numerals? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Legacy of Roman Philosophy, Law and Citizenship A Philosophy Called Stoicism Define Philosophy __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A ____________ school of thought that became popular in Rome was Stoicism. To the Stoic, the one truly good thing in life was to have a good _________. This meant having virtues such as _______ _______ and _________. Stoics prized the welfare of the ____________ over their personal comfort. Roman Stoics were famous for bearing _______ and ________ bravely and quietly. *Give an example of a person we celebrate for not complaining when they do their jobs________________________________ Law and Justice The modern legal codes of _________ and _____________ are based in part on ancient Roman laws. Romans believed that there was a universal law of justice that came from ________. By this ___________ law, every person had rights. Romans did not always live up to their own ideals. ________ and ________ people were not treated as equal to the rich in Roman courts. The idea of natural rights is echoed in the _____________ of Independence. Citizenship Roman citizenship was extended to all ______ people in the empire. Citizens were subject to Roman _____, enjoyed the same _______, and owed __________ to the emperor. Citizenship is a __________ and a ____________. For example, citizens of this country enjoy rights contained in the Bill of Rights. Citizens must also obey the law. Name__________________ Class Period__________________ Eng – Social Studies Guide for Chapter 2 – The Development of Feudalism in Western Europe Goal: To understand how Europeans organized themselves politically and economically after the fall of Rome. Introduction *After the Roman Empire collapsed, life was __________ and ___________ in Western Europe. People worked hard to simply survive and have enough to eat. *People needed _____________ from invading barbarians and nearby kingdoms. *This gave rise an economic and political system called ____________. *In a feudal system, people pledged _________ to a lord and a promise to work his land as farmers. In return, the lord would provide _________ (armed warriors) to protect the people. Western Europe During the Middle Ages *Rome controlled most of Europe, but other groups called __________ controlled the other parts. After Rome fell, these groups took control and set up separate kingdoms. Charlemagne’s Empire *The ____________ were a powerful group who developed a new style of warfare using heavily armed warriors who fought on horseback. *In return for their service, rulers rewarded knights with _____ and privileges. *___________ was made king of the Franks at 15 and defeated the last great Roman army in Gaul. He was eventually baptized into the _______ ________ Church. *Charlemagne, another king of the Franks, was able to unify nearly all the Christian lands of Europe into one kingdom. For his help the pope crowned Charlemagne _________ _________ emperor. *Define the following: *Barbarian __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Christianity __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Roman Catholic Church __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Pope __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A Need for Order and Protection *Three groups threatened Western Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries, the ___ from the Near East and northern Africa, the ________, a central Asian people and ____________ from present day Norway and Denmark. *Vikings were best known for their terrifying ________ on towns and villages.
Feudalism: Establishing Order *The feudal system provided people with protection and safety by establishing a __________ social order. *Define the following: *Monarch ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Fief ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Manor ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *The Monarch promised to give his lords a __________. In return, the lords (also known as the Monarch’s vassals) promised to provide ________ to the Monarch in times of war. *A ___________ is a peasant who is “tied” to the land and cannot leave the lord’s land. *A ___________ includes a castle or manor house, one or more villages, and the surrounding farmland. *People were ________ into a social class for life. They had the same social position and often the same job as their parents.
Monarchs During Feudal Times *Define the following: *divine right of kings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *noble ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *duke ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Monarchs believed that ________ had given them the right to rule. *Few kings had enough wealth to maintain their own __________. Instead, they had to rely on their vassals to provide enough _______ and soldiers. *When a lord grew powerful and ruled over their fief as an independent state, the Monarch was little more than a ______________, a symbolic ruler who had little real power. *William, Duke of Normandy, seized the throne from his cousin Harold after defeating Harold’s army at the battle of ___________ in 1066. For this, William became known as William the ____________. Lords and Ladies During Feudal Times *If a Lord has more than one manor, he would usually _______ in one for a few months then move to another. Manor Houses and Castles *Manor houses were protected by high walls and sometimes a _________. *Define the following: *Moat- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Hierarchy- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *The great hall of the Manor was used for _________ and to hold special celebration feasts such as at ________ and harvest time. *Castles’ strong walls and gates provided ____________ to their residents. *The large size and central location of a castle served as a visual reminder of the __________ within a kingdom. *__________ and ___________ castles were made of wood. After 1100 C.E. most castles were built of stone to resist _____________ arrows.
*Lords were responsible for managing the estate – which included appointing _________ to make sure the land was farmed and taxes were collected. *Lords served as _________ in manor courts and had the power to fine and punish. *Lords would fight for higher ranking lords or a monarch and supply a well trained _______ ________. *Ladies, who held fiefs, ran their estates, sat as judges and sent knights to serve in times of war. These ladies did not, however, ________ in war. *Ladies were responsible for raising and training their __________ . Ladies were also responsible for overseeing the __________ – which could include hundreds of people. *Lords and ladies enjoyed leisure activities such as hunting and _________ which involved hunting with birds. *Castles were gloomy and ________ since heat only came from fireplaces. People might bathe ______ a week and fleas and _____ were in every medieval building. Knights During Feudal Times *Define armor ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Becoming a Knight *Knight training started early. Boys began their training at age _____ . *Pages learned how to ride _________ and received __________ instruction from the local priest or friar. *Pages spent most of their time with the ________ of the castle. The ladies taught the pages how to _______, ________, _________ _________ and _____ the harp. *After _______ years, pages became squires. Squires polished the knights’ ________, ________, _________ and _________. He took care of the knight’s horse. *Squires had to wait on the knight at ___________by carving the knight’s meat and filling his cup when it was empty. *Squires trained with a sword and a __________ - a spear that measured up to fifteen feet long. *Squires went into battle to help the knight put on his _______ and to look after the knight if he was ____________. *In his early ____ a squire could be made a knight. A squire would spend the night before the ceremony in __________. The next morning he ______ and put on a ______ tunic. He knelt before his lord and said his vows. The lord then drew his _________ and touched the shoulders of the knight to be lightly. *If a knight performed well in battle he could be __________ on the spot. The Responsibilities and Daily Life of Knights *Knights lived by a code of behavior called______________. *Knights were expected to be loyal to their _______ and their lord, to be just and ________, and to protect the __________. They performed acts of _________ or respect paid to women. *In a _____________, knights galloped at each other with their lances held straight out. *Tournaments were fought between teams of knights in _____ on ______ battle. *In the ____ century armor was made of metal rings linked together. In the ___century armor was mostly made of plate armor. Peasants During Feudal Times *The primary job of peasants are to ______ the land. *There were two classes of peasants – ____ peasants and ______. A free peasant ________ land from the lord and paid the lord for its use. A ____ was not free to leave the lord’s estate. *Most peasants spent their days farming and tending to _________ (farm animals). Some peasants were carpenters, ________, smiths (metalworkers), and other skilled work. *Peasants had to pay the lord ______. “Head money” was a fixed amount per person that had to be paid _________. A _______ was a tax a lord could impose whenever he needed money. A ________ was paid when a woman married and was paid by the woman, her father and her husband. *Peasants had to grind their grain at the lord’s mill. The miller kept portions of the grain for the __________ and for himself. *Peasant houses were made of _________strips of wood covered with straw and mud. Peasants had little ________. The fire was in the ________ of the main room. *Peasants ate ________, meat such as pork, and dark, coarse _______ made of wheat mixed with rye or oatmeal. Name___________________ Class Period___________________
Goal: To understand how the Roman Catholic Church strongly influenced the lives of Medieval Europeans 3.1 Introduction *The church was the _________ of medieval life in Western Europe. *Church bells were used to ______ out the hours, call people to _______, and _______ of dangers. *Churches were used for religious services and town meetings, ________, and __________. *Markets, _____________ and _________ were all held in the shadow of the church’s spires (towers). *People thought that storms, disease and famine were _________ sent by God. People hoped that _________ and devotion would keep away such disasters. *__________, or the saving of one’s soul, would come to those who followed the church’s teachings.
*Christians are followers of _________ ________. Christians believe that he was the _____ of God, that God sent him to ______ to save people from their sins. Christians believe that he _____ from the dead after his ____________. *Define the following: *persecute- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *monastery- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *monk- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *clergy- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Romans, at first, ________________ the Christians. However, the Romans later adopted Christianity as the recognized religion of the Roman Empire. *After the fall of Rome, the Church provided help to the people. The Church organized the distribution of _______. ____________ provided hospitality to refugees and travelers. ________ copied and preserved old text.
*The _______ is the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church. *The pope was assisted by high ranking clergy called ____________. *Archbishops were next in rank. They governed areas called _____________. *__________ governed areas called dioceses. *Within each diocese, local communities called ____________ were served by _________. *Fill in the blanks on the chart
The Increasing Power of the Church *The church was wealthy. It was the largest _____________ in Europe. The church seized land by force and received land as ______ from monarchs and wealthy lords. The Church collected a ________, or tax. Each person was expected to give ______ ________ of his money, produce or _______ to help support the church. *Church officials became _________ to monarchs because they were the only ones who could read and write Latin. *Define excommunicate- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *King Henry IV was angered that Pope Gregory VII took away his power to __________ church officials so he declared that Gregory was no longer Pope. Pope Gregory __________ Henry. King Henry begged forgiveness and was readmitted to the church.
*Most people in Medieval Europe believed in God and an ____________. They believed that the ________ of a person lives on after a person’s body dies. They believed that the soul could go to ________ or to _________. *The Church taught that people gained _________ or entry into heaven and eternal life by following the _________ teachings and living a _________ life. *Define Sacrament- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *The Church taught that receiving the seven sacraments brought people _______ or a special blessing from God. *Fill in the explanations of the Seven Roman Catholic Sacraments
Pilgrimages and Crusades *Define the following: *pilgrimage- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *relic- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *convent- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *nun- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * People travel long distances to visit holy sites and relics to show their __________ to God, as an act of _________ for their sins, or in the hopes of being _________ of an illness. *Pilgrimages were difficult and __________. Pilgrims traveled together for safety and sometimes even hired an _______ escort. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote _____ __________ ______ about a group of pilgrims traveling to the shrine of Saint Thomas Beckett. *Another extraordinary service was fighting in the ____________. *The crusades were _________ ________ to the land where Jesus had lived, the Holy Land. Many crusaders were motivated by deep religious feelings.
*__________ and __________ of Christ and Christian saints were placed in churches to help people worship as most people did not know how to _______. *The large churches headed by bishops, ____________, were built to inspire awe and could be as tall as a 30 story building. *Cathedrals were built in the shape of a ______________. The long central section of the cathedral was called the ________. The shorter sections were called the ________. The walls of gothic cathedrals were supported by stone arches called _____________ ________________. *____________ are stone spouts projecting from the rain gutters of the roof. They were carved in the shape of ___________. It served as a warning that ________ and evil _______ would catch them if they did not attend church. *The __________ glass windows often showed pictures which were useful in explaining stories from the ____________. *Cathedrals could take from ____ to 100 years to complete on average.
Define the following: *university- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *rhetoric- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *theology- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *natural law- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *During the Middle Ages schooling took place in _________, _________ and cathedrals. Most people studying in the Middle Ages were preparing for careers in the __________. *Students in universities studied Latin grammar and ____________, logic, _________, arithmetic, __________ and music. Books were rare because they had to be ___________ copied. *Church leaders were apprehensive about ancient texts because they feared people would question church __________ if they read them. *Thomas Aquinas argued that _____________ and religious belief worked together. 3.7 Holidays *The word “holiday” comes from two words _____ _____. *On Christmas, Christians celebrates the birth of ______. Medieval Europeans celebrated for ____days. Homes were decorated with evergreens, _______ ______, and mistletoe. People attended church and enjoyed a great __________ given by the lord. *On Easter, Christians celebrate the _________ (the Christian belief that Christ rose from the dead). People attended church, __________ and played _______. One game involved an _______, a symbol of new life. *Music, _________, and food were all part of medieval holiday celebrations. People drank ________ (a strong beer) and ate baked and fried foods. Other holiday entertainment included __________, acrobats and jugglers, and ________ __________. *Plays acting out scenes of the _________ were popular. In some English villagse ___________ (traveling groups of actors) would give elaborate performances with masks, drums and bells, dances and make-believe ____________fights. 3.8 Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants The Monastic Way of Life *Define the following: *Monasticism- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Illuminated Manuscript- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Monks were ________ who joined monasteries, communities devoted to prayer and service to fellow Christians. Saint ________ founded the monastic way of life in Western Europe. Benedictines made promises of _________(to not own property), ___________(never to marry) and __________(to obey their leaders). *Monks spent their days in prayer, ______ and work. Monks attended _______ church services a day. They copied ___________ texts. Monks farmed the land, tended the gardens and ___________livestock. *A monastery was laid out around a __________, a covered walkway. On the north side was the church. On the south side was the ________ and dining hall. On the third side was the ___________ where they slept. On the final side was the ____________ where books were copied by hand and beautiful illuminated manuscripts were made. *Women who became nuns lived in ___________. Nuns performed much of the same work as monks. *Define religious order- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Define friar- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Rather than stay in a monastery, mendicants traveled among ordinary people to care for the _______ and sick. Mendicants lived in complete _________ and had to work or beg for food for themselves and the poor. *Saint Francis of Assisi founded the _____________ an order that is also called the Little Brothers of the Poor. Name_________________ Class Period_________________ Directory: cms -> lib lib -> Security Survey lib -> 1. naclo 2015 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> 1. naclo 2017 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> Chem I honors Unit 2 Notes: Numbers in Chemistry Measurement lib -> Sanderson High School ap human Geography Summer Assignment 2016 lib -> Find fantastic ousd elementary music programs lib -> American Studies Pacing Calendar 2014-2015 lib -> The ap history Timeline 8000bce-the Present lib -> Absolutism in Europe Download 0.67 Mb. Share with your friends:
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