groups Children's rights See also — Civil and political rights (p. 176)

See also —

Access to the media (p. 225), Obscenity (p. 235); Right to life (p. 182): Abortion (p. 184), Euthanasia (p. 188) Related issues —

abortion; ante-natal rights; child abuse and neglect; child custody; child maintenance; child pornography; children's liberation; delinquency; education; euthanasia; juvenile courts; parental rights; right to a family; right to counsel; surrogate motherhood; violence and obscenity in the media

ANTON, A. E. The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction'. (1981) 30 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 537-67.

ARONS, STEPHEN 8Z LAWRENCE, CHARLES, III. 'The Manipulation of Consciousness: A First Amendment Critique of Schooling'. (1980) 15 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 309-61.

ASCHE, AUSTIN. The Rights of the Child. Melbourne, Institute of Family Studies, 1982. Pp. 18. ISBN 0 642 88800 0.

A brief survey of the subject in an Australian context. Deals mainly with legal aspects of children's rights. Specific rights discussed include the right to education, right to legal representation, right to personal safety, right to be born without legal disability, right to support, right to love and affection. The author is a judge of the Family Court of Australia.

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Child Welfare (Report No. 18). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1981. Pp. lii + 513.

ISBN 0 642 06078 9.

An important, comprehensive report dealing with the problems of child offenders and children's courts; child abuse, neglect and exploitation. Excellent bibliography,

(pp. 494-504).

BANDMAN, B. 'Some Legal, Moral and Intellectual Rights of Children'. (1977) 27 Educational Them, 169.

BECK C. et al. 'Rights of Children: A Trust Model'. (1978) 40 Ford ham Law Review, 669-780.

BEDDARD, R. Human Rights in Europe. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1980, pp. 55-60. ISBN 0 421 26440 3, ISBN 0 421 26450 0.

BOULDING, E. 'Children's Rights', in A. A. Said (ed.), Human Rights and World Order. New York, Praeger, 1978, pp. 31-39. ISBN 0 03 046341 6.

BRANT, JONATHAN. 'The Child's Right to Privacy'. (1977) 28 (3) Harvard Law School Bulletin, 41-4.

Discusses the way a person's right to privacy could be extended to children. Asks how and by whom decisions concerning children who, by the nature of their minority are generally regarded as incompetent to consent, are to be taken.

Rights of special groups 311

With the support of the Morialta Trust of South Australia this book was commissioned to mark the Year of the Child. It includes seventeen papers dealing with a wide spectrum of issues — ethnic children, Aboriginal children, children and the State, health, education, poverty, the law. Contributors are drawn from a variety of disciplines: education, social work, medicine, law, economics.

CANADIAN COUNCIL ON CHILDREN AND YOUTH. Admittance Restricted: The Child As a Citizen in Canada. Ottawa, 1978. Pp. 175. Pp. 195. (Bilingual Edition).

The Task Force on the Child as a Citizen attempted to determine how national and provincial policies and practices affect the quality of childhood in Canada. Needs for economic support, health care, protection and education are examined.

COWEN, ZELMAN. 'Opening Address on the Rights of the Child'. (1979) Social Security,

1-7.

DELEURY, E., LINDSAY, J. & RIVET, M. 'La Protection de l'Enfant en Droit Compare'. (1980) 21 Les Cahiers de Droit, 87-188.

EisEN, P. 'The Rights of Children'. (1979) Social Security, 57-62. ELLICOTT, R. J. 'The Rights of the Child'. (1979) Social Security, 43-9.

FARSON, RICHARD. Birthrights. New York, Macmillan, 1974.

The author argues that children should be given the same rights as adults. One of the classic statements of the 'children's liberation' movement.

FLOUD, JEAN. 'A Right to Education: A Test-Case for a Theory of Children's Rights'. (1976) 62 Arc hiv für Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie, 319-27.

FOREMAN, LYNNE. 'An Alternative to the Concept of Children's Rights'. (1976) 1(1) Australian Child and Family Welfare, 16-21.

Explores the concept of 'rights' and illustrates by examination of one particular area of the law relating to children how complex the evolution of meaningful rights becomes if these are placed in juxtaposition with those of a broader group.

FOSTER, HENRY H. & FREED, DORIS JONAS. 'A Bill of Rights for Children'. (1972) 6 Family Law Quarterly, 345-75.

FREEMAN, M. D. A. 'Children's Rights — Some Unanswered Questions and Some Unquestioned Answers'. (1979) 5 Poly Law Review, 9.

FREEMAN, M. D. A. 'The Rights of Children in the International Year of the Child'. (1980) Current Legal Problems, 1-31.

Excellent survey article with copious footnotes to the literature.

GEISER, ROBERT L. 'The Rights of Children'. (1976-77) 28 Hastings Law Journal, 1027-51.

GUILFOYLE, M. 'Closing Remarks to the International Year of the Child'. (1979) Social Security, 98-103.

HAFEN, B. C. 'Children's Liberation — the New Egalitarianism'. (1976) Brigham Young Law Review, 605-58.

HOLT, JOHN. Escape from Childhood: The Needs and Rights of Children. New York, Dutton, 1974. Pp. 286. ISBN 0 525 099557.

A controversial book that argues for 'children's liberation'. The author argues that the rights of adults should be made available to children.

312 Bibliography

Pp. 16 + 11.

INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF NGOs (AUSTRALIA).

Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Sydney, 1980. Pp. 75. ISBN 0 9595447 4 7. A discussion of the impact of the Declaration in an Australian context.

KIRBY, MICHAEL. 'Reforming Child Welfare Law in Australia'. (1979) 2(2) Family Law Review, 115-20.

KLEINFELD, ANDREW JAY. 'The Balance of Power Among Infants, their Parents and the State'. (1970) 4 Family Law Quarterly, 320-50, 409-43; (1971) 5 Family Law Quarterly, 64-107.

A study of developments in U. S. law, and particularly in the Supreme Court.

KLEINIG, JOHN. 'Mill, Children and Rights'. (1976) 8 Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1.

LANDEVER, A. 'The Rights of Children in America — the Differing Perceptions'. (1979) 5 Poly Law Review, 19.

MACCORMICK, NEIL. 'Children's Rights: A Test-Case for Theories of Rights'. (1976) 62 Archiv far Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie, 303-17.

NEAL, DAVID. 'The Right to Education: the Case of Special Education'. (1982) 54(2) Australian Quarterly, 147-60.

SACHS, C. J. R. 'Children's Rights', in J. W. Bridge et al. (eds). Fundamental Rights. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1973. Pp. 31-42. ISBN 421 19130 9.

SCHRAG, F. The Child's Status in the Democratic State'. (1975) 3 Political Theory, 441.

SEMINAR ON THE REALITIES OF THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, MELBOURNE,

1978. Proceedings. Ringwood, Vic., Australian National Committee of 0.M.E.P., 1978. Pp. 125. ISBN 0909860149.

SPEEDY, G. 'Education and the Rights of the Child'. (1979) Social Security, 50-6.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Children's Rights'. (1972) 18 Catholic Lawyer, 90; (1974) 20 Catholic Lawyer, 85.

SYMPOSIUM 'Children's Rights'. (1973) 87 Peabody Journal of Education. SYMPOSIUM. 'Children's Rights'. (1975) 39 Law and Contemporary Problems.,

SYMPOSIUM. 'The Rights of Children'. (1973) 43 Harvard Education Review, 481; (1974) 44 Harvard Education Review, 1.

VARDIN, PATRICIA A. & BRODY, I. N. (eds). Children's Rights: Contemporary Perspectives. New York, Teachers College Press, 1979. Pp. 182. ISBN 0 8077 2550 1.

Writers from the fields of law, education, psychology and government maintain several focal points in papers on child advocacy. Central to their arguments is acknowledgement of the child as an individual to be respected. Other focal points are the articulation of what the rights of children should be from a humanistic as well as a legalistic perspective, and the consideration of the guarantee of children's rights.

Child abuse and neglect

BINETTI, N. S. 'The Child's Rights to "Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness": Suits by Children against Parents for Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment'. (1981) 34 Rutgers Law Review, 151-88.

Boss, PETER. On the Side of the Child: an Australian Perspective on Child Abuse. Sydney, Fontana/Collins, 1980. Pp. 166. ISBN 0 00 636042 4.

A sociological study of the problem. Bibliography pp. 156-59.

BURGESS, ANN WOLBERT, GROTH, A. NICHOLAS, HOLMSTROM, LYNDA & SGROI, SUZANNE M. Sexual Assault of Children and Adolescents. Lexington Massachusetts, Lexington Books, 1978.

Comprehensive interdisciplinary study with case histories.

COOK, J. V. & BOWLES, R. T. (eds). Child Abuse: Commission and Omission. Toronto, Butterworths, 1980. Pp. xv + 509. ISBN 0 409 82410 0.

A collection of 44 papers on the subject of child abuse and neglect. The papers are grouped under four headings — 'The Forms of Abuse', The Sources of Abuse', Social Policy Issues', 'The Victims and the Consequences of Abuse'. There are contributions from psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists and lawyers. Most contributions attach excellent lists of references to their papers. There is also a short Selected Bibliography of Treatment, Protection and Prevention Programmes (annotated).

FREIMAN, M. R. 'Unequal and Inadequate Protection Under the Law: State-Child Abuse Statutes'. (1982) 50 George Washington Law Review, 243-74.

GARBARINO, JAMES. 'The Human Ecology of Child Maltreatment: A Conceptual Model for Research'. (1977)journal of Marriage and the Family, 721-35.

An important sociological study with five pages of references.

GROVES, J. R. 'Lawyers, Psychologists and Psychological Evidence in Child Protection Hearings'. (1980) 5 Queen's Law journal, 241-68.

INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF NGOs (AUSTRALIA). The Child Under Threat: A Discussion Paper. Sydney, 1980. Pp. 54. ISBN 0 9595447 55. Deals with issues of child abuse and child welfare.

JOHNSTON, I. D. 'Child Abuse and Neglect: The Adjudication Process and Standards and Procedures for Initial Disposition'. (1981) 9 New Zealand Universities Law Review, 355-75.

JoHNsToN, I. D. 'Child Abuse and Neglect: Standards and Pre-Adjudication Procedures for State Intrusion in the Family'. (1981) 9 New Zealand Universities Law Review, 217-46.

KEMPE, C. HENRY & HELFER, RAY E. (eds). Helping the Battered Child and His Family. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1972.

17 papers dealing with ways of helping parents. The papers consider the role of the school, doctors, and the courts.

LUCAS, B. 'We Know What is Happening But How Do We Prove It? A Consideration of Some Evidentiary Problems in Child Abuse Cases'. (1981) 5 Criminal Law Journal, 349-64.

MAIDMENT, S. 'The Fragmentation of Parental Rights and Children in Care'. (1981) Journal of Social Welfare Law, 21-35.

MAIDMENT, S. 'Some Legal Problems Arising Out of the Reporting of Child Abuse'. (1978) 31 Current Legal Problems, 149-75.

PAULSEN, M. 'Child Abuse Reporting Laws: the Shape of the Legislation'. (1967) 67 Columbia Law Review, 1-49.

PAULSEN, M. et al. 'Child Abuse Reporting Laws — Some Legislative History'. (1966) 34 George Washington Law Review, 482-506.

SEYMOUR, J. 'Child Abuse and the Law: The Australian Law Reform Commission's Approach'. (1982) 7 Australian Child and Family Welfare, 3-9.

STEWART, DONALD E. Violence and the Family. Melbourne, Institute of Family Studies, 1982. Pp. 14. ISBN 0 642 88618 0.

Sketches out the factors and pressures on families in Australian context, attempting to show the causes of domestic violence.

SUSSMAN, A. 'Reporting Child Abuse: A Review of the Literature'. (1974) 8 Family Law Quarterly, 245-313.

WAID, M. S. 'Thinking About Public Policy Towards Abuse and the Neglect of Children: A Review of "Before the Best Interests of the Child" '.(1980), 78 Michigan Law Review, 645-93.

WILLICH, RAY. The Troubled Ones: Sexually and Emotionally Abused Children. Melbourne, Hill of Content, 1979. Pp. 117. ISBN 0 85572 104 9.

Through an examination of cases presents a psychological study of child molesting.

Children and the law

Related issues —

community welfare; delinquency; divorce; due process; ex-nuptials; juvenile courts; right to counsel

ARTHUR, LINDSAY G. & KALITOWSKI, THOMAS J. 'Child vs. Parent: Residence, Education and Dates'. (1973) 24(1) juvenile Justice, 34-7.

The authors argue that courts are inappropriate to settle intra-family disputes.

ASCHE, AUSTIN. 'Changes in the Rights of Women and Children Under Family Law Legislation'. (1975) 49 Australian Law Journal, 387-99.

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Child Welfare: Children in Trouble (Discussion Paper No. 9). Sydney, Australian Law Reform Commission, 1979.

BAILEY, R. 'Removing Legal Discrimination Against Children Born ()inside Marriage'. (1979) 4 Australian Child and Family Welfare, 24-7.

BANDMAN, BERTRAM. 'Some Legal, Moral and Intellectual Rights of Children'. (1977) 27 Educational Theory, 170.

BARBLETT, A. J. 'Custody of Children in Divorce, Separation and Similar Disputes: the Australian Experiment'. (1980) 54 Australian Law journal, 489-501.

BATES, FRANK. 'Custody of Children: Towards a New Approach'. (1975) 49 Australian Law Journal, 129-33.

BATES, FRANK. 'Custody Disputes between Parents and Non-parents: Recent Developments in Australia and Canada'. (1981) 11 Manitoba Law Journal, 303-19.

BATES, FRANK. 'Redefining the Parent-Child Relationship: A Blueprint'. (1975-76) 12 University of Western Australia Law Review, 518-34.

BATES, FRANK. 'Religious Belief, Reasonableness and Child Custody'. (1981) 131 New Law journal, 1139-40.

BENNETT, DAVID M. J. 'The Liability of the Manufacturers of Thalidomide to the Affected Children'. (1965) 39 Australian Law Journal, 256-68.

BLAKESLEY, C. L. 'Child Custody and Parental Authority in France, Louisianna and Other States of the United States: a Comparative Analysis'. (1981) 4 Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 283-359.

CANE, PETER F. 'Injuries to Unborn Children'. (1977) 51 Australian Law Journal, 704-20.

CHISHOLM, RICHARD. 'Children and the Law', in R. G. Brown (ed.), Children Australia. Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1980, pp. 225-45.

CHISHOLM, RICHARD. 'Children and the Law in Australia'. (1981) 13 Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 1-69.

General discussion from an international perspective of State and Commonwealth laws concerning children.

CROUCH, R. E. 'An Essay on the Critical and Judicial Reception of Beyond the Best Interests of the Child'. (1979) 13 Family Law Quarterly, 49-103.

DE STOOP, DOMINIQUE F. J. J. 'Human Artificial Insemination and the Law in Australia'. (1976) 50 Australian Law Journal, 298-308.

DORSEN, NORMAN & REZNECK, DANIEL A. 'In Re Gault and the Future of Juvenile Law'. (1967) 1 Family Law Quarterly, 1-54.

DRINAN, R. F. 'The Rights of Children in Modern American Family Law'. (1962) 2 Journal of Family Law, 101.

EDGAR, DON & HARRISON, MARGARET. Children's Participation in Divorce (Discussion Paper 10). Institute of Family Studies.

EEKELAAR, J. 'What Are Parental Rights?' (1973) 89 Law Quarterly Review, 210-34.

FINLAY, H. A.' "First" or "Paramount"? The Interests of the Child in Matrimonial Proceedings'. (1968) 42 Australian Law Journal, 96-103.

FINLAY, H. A. & GOLD, STANLEY. 'The Paramount Interest of the Child in Law and Psychiatry'. (1971) 45 Australian Law Journal, 82-94.

FOSTER, H. H. 'Adoption and Child Custody: Best Interests of the Child?'. (1972) 22 Buffalo Law Review, 1-16.

FREEMAN, M. D. A. 'Child Law at the Crossroads'. (1974) Current Legal Problems, 165-211.

FREEMAN, M. D. A. 'The Rights of Children When They Do "Wrong" '. (1981) 21 British Journal of Criminology, 210-29.

GAMBLE, H. & WEEKS, P. 'The Rights of a Child to Take Independent Action for Maintenance Under the Family Law Act 1975'. (1982) 56 Australian Law Journal, 68-76.

GARVEY, J. H. 'Children and the First Amendment'. (1979) 57 Texas Law Review, 321-79.

GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPH, FREUD, ANNA & SOLNIT, ALBERT J. Before the Best Interests of the Child. New York, Free Press, 1979. Pp. xii + 288. ISBN 0 02 9122104.

A study of children's rights in the context of U.S. Law. The authors analyse the conditions under which state intervention in the parent-child relationship is justified. They argue that such intervention should be minimal. They consider in the course of their study problems of child abuse, neglect, legal representation of children and parental refusal of medical treatment.

GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPH, FREUD, ANNA & SOLNIT, ALBERT J. Beyond the Best Interests of the Child. New edn, London, Burnett Books, 1980. Pp. xiv + 203. ISBN 0 233 97242 0. Originally published in 1973 this controversial study of child placement in U.S. context,

argues that 'the least detrimental' alternative from a child's viewpoint should govern questions of custody. Procedure should take account of the child's 'sense of time' and who is the child's 'psychological parent'.

HAFEN, B. C. 'Puberty, Privacy and Protection: The Risks of Children's "Rights" '. (1977) 63 American Bar Association Journal, 1383-88.

HANSEN, R. 'The Role and Rights of Children in Divorce Actions'. (1966) 6,7ournal of Family Law, 1-14.

INKER, M. 'Expanding the Rights of Children in Custody and Adoption Cases'. (1971) 11 Journal of Family Law, 129-35.

KALIEL, BRIAN. 'Civil Rights in Supreme Courts'. (1974) 12 Alberta Law Review, 341-58.

A study of Canadian approaches to the problem.

KAY, RICHARD 8z SEGAL, DANIEL. 'The Role of the Attorney in Juvenile Court Proceedings'. (1973) 61 Georgetown Law Journal, 1401-24.

KING, MICHAEL (ed.). Childhood, Welfare and Justice: A Critical Examination of Children in the Legal and Childcare Systems. London, Batsford Academic and Educational Ltd, 1981. Pp. 145. ISBN 07134 37138.

Four chapters dealing with the law's treatment and protection of children include: Pat Thane, 'Childhood in History'; Roger Smith, 'Children and their Lawyers in the Juvenile Court'; Andrew Sutton, 'Science in Court', a critique of the use of science in the courts to assess children's needs and capacities; Michael King, 'Welfare and Justice' in which the author argues that the traditional conception of conflict between 'welfare' and 'justice' considerations is misconceived. Bibliography pp. 137-42.

LANDSMAN, K. J. & MINOW, M. L. `Lawyering for the Child: Principles of Representation in Custody and Visitation Disputes Arising from Divorce'. (1978) 87 Yale Law Journal, 1126-90.

LANTERI, ANNEMAREE & SACKVILLE, RONALD. 'The Disabilities of Illegitimate Children in Australia: A Preliminary Analysis'. (1970) 44 Australian Law Journal, 5-13, 51-64.

LEON, JEFFREY S. 'Recent Developments in Legal Representation of Children: a Growing Concern with the Concept of Capacity'. (1978) 1(3) Canadian Journal of Family Law, 375-434.

Reviews recent legislation, judicial decisions and Law Reform Commission proposals relating

to the provision of independent legal representation for children in contested child custody, child welfare and delinquency proceedings.

LOVELL, P. A. & GRIFFITH-JONES, R. H. 'The Sins of the Fathers: Tort Liability for Prenatal Injuries'. (1974) 90 Law Quarterly Review, 531-58.

MAIDMENT, S. 'The Fragmentation of Parental Rights'. (1981) 40 Cambridge Law Journal, 135-58.

MALEDoN, W. J. 'The Law and the Unborn Child: The Legal and Logical Inconsistencies'. (1971) 46 Notre Dame Lawyer, 349-72.

MAYO, MARYLYN. 'The Legal Status of the A.I.D. Child in Australia'. (1976)Australian Law Journal, 562-67.

MCDONOUGH, B. 'Wrongful Birth: a Child of Tort Comes of Age'. (1981) 50 University of Cincinnati Law Review, 65-81.

MCLEAN, S. A. M. 'Police Contact With Children Under Eight Years of Age: The

MORRIS, ALLISON et al. justice for Children. London, Macmillan, 1980. Pp. vii 146. ISBN 0 333 27486 5.

The first part is a study of delinquency. The second part deals with abused and neglected children. The authors consider critically the role law and legal institutions are playing and ought to play in dealing with these problems.

POPKIN, ALICE BRANDEIS & LIPPERT, FREDA JANE. 'IS There A Constitutional Right To

The Insanity Defence In Juvenile Court?'. (1971) 10 Journal of Family Law, 421-42.

PRIESTLEY, P. et al. Justice for Juveniles. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977. Pp. viii + 120. ISBN 0 7100 8703 9.

A critique of the legal system for dealing with juveniles. The authors argue that decisions are made on the basis of offences committed rather than on the basis of the personal needs of the juvenile.

ROBINSON WESTBROOK, G. 'Law and Treaty Response to International Child Abduction'. (1980) 20 Virginia Journal of International Law, 669-97.

SCUTT, JOCELYNNE A. 'Justice in a Juvenile Court: What Price Due Process?'. (1977) 10 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 173-84.

SIDMAN, LAWRENCE R. 'Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law: Law and Order in the Home'. (1972) 6 Family Law Quarterly, 33-58.

Argues that in parent-child disputes a court should be the forum of last resort.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Child Welfare in the 80s'. (1981) 49 University of Sydney Institute of Criminology Proceedings.

SYMPOSIUM. 'The Protection of Children'. (1974) 20 University of Sydney Institute of Criminology Proceedings.

SYMPOSIUM. 'Treatment of Children Associated with Crime'. (1976) 27 University of Sydney Institute of Criminology Proceedings.

TEITELBAUM, LEE E. & &us, JAMES W. 'The Liberty Interests of Children: Due Process Rights and Their Application'. (1978) 12 Family Law Quarterly, 153-202.

WALD, M. 'State Intervention on Behalf of "Neglected" Children: A Search for Realistic Standards'. (1975) 27 Stanford Law Review, 985-1040.

WESTBROOK, JAMES E. `Mens Reamn the Juvenile Court'. (1965) 5 journal of Family Law, 121-38.

Considers the problems of attributing to juveniles the requisite intention to commit certain crimes.

WHELAN, D. 'The Wishes of Children and the Role of the Separate Representative'. (1979) 8 Monash University Law Review, 287-304.

WILCOX, M. K. 'A Child's Due Process Right to Counsel in Divorce Custody Proceedings'. (1976) 27 Hastings Law Journal, 917-50.

Health and medical care

See also —

Civil and political rights (p. 176):

BERLIN, I. N. 'Child Psychiatry Perspectives: Professional Competence, Public Confidence and Children's Rights'. (1977) 16 journal of Child Psychiatry, 748-52.

BLOOD, A. L. & VIMPONI, G. V. 'A Comparison of Australian and Overseas Legislation Relating to the Rights of Children to Health Surveillance and Medical Care'. (1979) 4(4) Australian Child and Family Welfare, 37-43.

BOWKER, W. F. 'Minors and Mental Incompetents: Consent to Experimentation, Gifts of Tissue and Sterilization'. (1981) 26 McGill Law Journal, 951-78.

CURRAN, W. J. & BEECHER, HENRY K. 'Experimentation On Children'. (Oct. 1969) 210 Journal of the American Medical Association, 77-83.

DAVIS, J. A. P. 'Defective Children — Who Should Decide?'. (1979) 9 Family Law, 203-7.

DUFFY, JOHN C. 'Research with Children: The Rights of Children'. (1973) 4 Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 67-70.

FLETCHER, JOHN C. 'Attitudes Toward Defective Newborns'. (Jan. 1974) 2 Hastings Center Studies, 21-32.

HOFMANN, ADELE & PILPEL, HARRIET F. 'The Legal Rights of Minors'. (1973) 20 Pediatric Clinics of North America, 989-1004.

KALOGERAKIS, M. G. 'Symposium: Children's Rights, Psychiatry and the Law'. (1975) 3 Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 475-599.

KINDREGAN, CHARLES P. 'Fetal Research IV: The Living Fetus and the Law — the State's Role'. (1975) 1 Human Life Review, 133-44.

KOOCHER, GERALD P. (ed.). Children's Rights and the Mental Health Profession. New York, Wiley, 1976. Pp. 259. ISBN 0 471 01736 1.

Argues that professionals, in their daily activities, often violate the rights of children. Children are different from adults in ways which demand special respect for their rights.

MARBUTT, F. R. 'Juveniles, Mental Hospital Commitment and Civil Rights: The Case of Parham v. .R.' . (1980) 19 Journal of Family Law, 27-64.

'Minors' Right to Confidential Access to Contraceptives'. (1982) 47 Albany Law Review, 214.

PILPEL, HARRIET F. 'Minors' Rights to Medical Care'. (1972) 36 Albany Law Review, 462-87.

RAMSEY, PAUL. 'Children As Research Subjects: a Reply'. (April 1977) 7 Hastings Center Report, 40-1

RAMSEY, PAUL. 'The Enforcement of Morals: Nontherapeutic Research on Children'. (Aug. 1976) 6 Hastings Center Report, 21-30.

ROLFE, ROBERT M. & MACCLINTOCK, ANNE U. 'The Due Process Rights of Minor "Voluntary Admitted" to Mental Institution'. (1976)Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 333-75.

WASHINGTON, JUDITH E. & WASHINGTON, HAROLD R. 'To Treat or Not to Treat the Child — The Continuing Legal Dilemma: Who Can Say "Yes", Who Can Say "No" '. (1981) 24 Howard Law journal, 305-24.

WOLFF, MORRIS H. & HAWN, ROBERT H. .L. v. Matheson and the Right of Minors to Seek Abortions'. (1982) 19 California Western Law Review, 74-106.

WRIGHT, TANIA A. 'A Minor's Right to Consent to Medical Care'. (1982) 25 Howard Law Journal, 525-44.

Parental rights

ASCHE, AUSTIN. 'Changes in the Rights of Women and Children Under Family Law Legislation'. (1975) 49 Australian Law Journal, 387-99.

AUSTRALIA, ROYAL COMMISSION ON HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS. Final Report. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1977, vol. 4, Part 5, 'The Family'. ISBN 0 642 03028 6.

BATES, FRANK. 'Children's Rights and the Family Unit'. (1978) 1 Family Law Review, 342.

BATES, FRANK. 'Redefining the Parent/Child Relationship: a Blueprint'. (1975-76) 12 University of Western Australia Law Review, 518-34.

BURNS, ALISA & GOODNOW, JACQUELINE. Children and Families in Australia. Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1979. Pp. 225. ISBN 0 86861 225 1.

A rich overview that synthesises a great deal of material on problems confronting children. The authors, psychologists by training, deal with the impact of television on children, the impact of unemployment, divorce etc. on children; violence against children, custody, adoption, and child welfare. There is also a chapter looking at some of these problems in a legal context. Bibliography pp. 227-47.

DICKENS, B. M. 'The Modern Function and Limits of Parental Rights'. (1981) 97 Law Quarterly Review, 462-85.

EEKELAAR, J. M. 'What are Parental Rights?'. (1973) 89 Law Quarterly Review, 210-34.

GALLAGHER, PATRICK. 'Parents' Rights in Respect of their Children'. (1982) 12(6) Family Law, 168-72.

HALL, J. C. 'The Waning of Parental Rights'. (1972) 31 Cambridge Law Journal, 248-65.

HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. Testamentary Guardianship in the Australian Capital Territory

vii + 10. ISBN 0 644 02459 3.

KLEINFELD, ANDREW JAY. 'The Balance of Power Among Infants, their Parents and the State'. (1970) 4 Family Law Quarterly, 320-50, 409-43; (1971) 5 Family Law Quarterly, 64-107.

An important study dealing mainly with the position in the U.S. The first part deals with developments in the child's right to be represented in legal hearings. The second part deals with parental power and parental rights, the third part with the state's rights and obligations vis-à-vis the child.

LEVY, R. J. 'The Rights of Parents'. (1976) Brigham Young University Law Review, 693-708.

MAIDMENT, S. 'The Fragmentation of Parental Rights'. (1981) 40 Cambridge Law Journal, 135-58.

WEINHAUS, L. 'Substantive Rights of the Unwed Father: The Boundaries Are Defined'. (1980-1) 19 Journal of Family Law, 445-61.

Immigrants' and aliens' rights

See also —

Discrimination (p. 260):

Affirmative action (p. 299);

Related issues —

accommodation; assimilation; asylum; deportation and due process; employment discrimination; ethnic broadcasting; ethnic rights; ethnicity; interpreting services; legal aid services; migrant women; naturalisation; on-arrival and post-arrival programs; refugees; right to vote; welfare rights; White Australia Policy

AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC AFFAIRS. Review '81. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1981. Pp. 100. And Review '82. Pp. 99.

AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC AFFAIRS. Survey into the Information Needs of Migrants in Australia. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1980. Pp. vii + 523. ISBN 0 642 04752 9.

AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND IMMIGRATION, COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY RELATIONS. Final Report. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1975. Pp. 107.

AUSTRALIA, IMMIGRATION ADVISORY COUNCIL, COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY RELATIONS.
Interim Report. August 1974, Canberra, Ambassador Press, 1975. Pp. 127.

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS. Evaluation of Post-Arrival Programs and Services. Melbourne, 1982. Pp. 351. ISBN 0 94 9890057.

BERGIN, ANTHONY. 'A Note on the Problem of Dual Nationality'. (1983) 55 Australian Quarterly, 114-21.

BIRREL, ROBERT & HAY, COLIN (eds). The Immigration Issue in Australia. Melbourne, La

BLAKE, C. 'Legislation — Citizenship, Law and the State: the British Nationality Act 1981'. (1982) 45 Modern Law Review, 179-97.

BOWEN, MARGARITA (ed.). Australia 2000: The Ethnic Impact. Armidale, University of New England Publishing Unit, 1977. Pp. xxi + 372. ISBN 0 85834 164 6.

Proceedings of the first National Conference on Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Groups in Australia.

BULLOCK, G. H. 'The Legal Aspect of the White Australia Policy'. (April 1955) Australian Institute of International Affairs Monograph, Sydney, 1-4.

CHIN, D. 'Aliens Right to Work — State and Federal Discrimination'. (1977) 45 F ordham Law Review, 835-59.

COLLINS, JOHN. Deprivation, Discrimination and Degradation: Immigration, Class and Inequality in Australia (Research Paper No. 11). Bathurst, Mitchell College of Advanced Education, 1976. Pp. 22.

COX, DAVID & MARTIN, JEAN I. Welfare of Migrants. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1975. Pp. x + 184. ISBN 0 642 00795 0.

DAS, S. 'Discrimination in Employment Against Aliens — Impact of Constitution and Federal Civil Rights Laws'. (1974) 35 University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 499-555.

DAWSON, F. G. 'International Law and the Procedural Rights of Aliens before National Tribunals'. (1968) 17 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 404-27.

DUMMETT, A. 'The New British Nationality Act'. (1982) 8 British Journal of Law and Society, 233-41.

EVANS, A. C. 'The Political Status of Aliens in International Law, Municipal Law and European Community Law'. (1981) 30 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 20-41.

EVANS, A. C. 'European Citizenship'. (1982) 45 Modern Law Review, 497-515.

GARCIA-AMADOR, F. V., SOHN, L. B. & BAXTER, R. R. Recent Codification of the Law of State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens. Dobbs Ferry, Oceana; Leiden, Sijthoff, 1974. Pp. xiv + 402. ISBN 0 379 00006 7 (Oceana). ISBN 90 286 0444 8 (Sijthoff).

These are two draft codifications of the law of state responsibility for injuries to aliens, which were prepared by authors for the International Law Commission. The volume also contains related codifications.

GOODWIN-GILL, G. S. International Law and the Movement of Persons between States. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1978, Part III. ISBN 0 19 8253338.

HULL, E. 'Resident Aliens and the Equal Protection Clause: the Burger Court's Retreat from Graham v. Richardson'. (1980) 47 Brooklyn Law Review, 1-42.

HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. The Australian Citizenship Act 1948. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1982. Pp. v + 27. ISBN 0 644 02137 3.

This is the first report of the Australian Human Rights Commission, under s. 16(1) of the Human Rights Commission Act. It consists of a short review of the Citizenship Act and the Migration Act, and recommendations to bring them into line with international human rights covenants and conventions (copies of which are appended).

HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. Human Rights and the Deportation of Convicted Aliens and Immigrants (Report No. 4). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. Pp. vii + 31.

HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. The Observance of Human Rights at the Villawood Immigration Detention Centre (Report No. 6). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. Pp. viii + 37.

JAKUBOWICZ, ANDREW 8Z BUCKLEY, BERENICE. Migrants and the Legal System. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1975. Pp. ix + 89. ISBN 0 642 00797 7.

LAUTERPACHT, E. & COLLIER, J. (eds). Individual Rights and the State in Foreign Affairs. New York, Praeger, 1977. Pp. xiii + 743. ISBN 0 275 24350 8.

A collection of essays on state activities in foreign affairs that affect the rights of foreign individuals. The substance and implementation of those rights are considered, as well as the movement between countries, expulsion and diplomatic protection. The legal regulations of Austria, Belgium, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Thailand, Uganda, U.K. and U.S.A. are discussed.

LONDON, H. I. Non-White Immigration and the "White Australia" Policy. Sydney, Sydney University Press, 1970. Pp. xv + 318. ISBN 8147 0264 3.

An examination of the policy and the decisions to revise it beginning in 1955 as Australia became aware of its image as an 'Asian' state. Includes bibliography.

LOWENSTEIN, WENDY & LOH, MORAG. The Immigrants. Melbourne, Hyland House, 1977. Pp. ix + 149. ISBN 0 90890 005.

MACKELLAR, M. J. R. Australia's Immigration Policy. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1978. Pp. 16.

MARTIN, J. The Ethnic Dimension. Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1981. Pp. 186. ISBN 0 86861 235 9.

This is a collection of papers dealing with the study of migration and the role of ethnic minorities in Australian society, including the concepts of multiculturalism and cultural pluralism.

MARTIN, JEAN I. The Migrant Presence. Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1978. Pp. 261. ISBN 0 86861 280 4.

The book examines the way in which Australian institutions have responded to the influx of immigrants of non-English speaking origin since the Second World War. Among the topics covered are health care, trade unions, multicultural education and child migrant education. There is a comprehensive bibliography.

MARTIN, JEAN. Migrants: Equality and Ideology (Meredith Memorial Lecture). Melbourne, La Trobe University Press, 1972. Pp. 24. ISBN 0 85816 016 1.

MATHESON, ALAN. 'Disadvantage and the Migrant', in L. F. Claydon (ed.), The Urban School. Carlton, Vic., Pitman Pacific Books, 1975, pp. 31-47. ISBN 0 85896 297 7.

MCDOUGAL, M. S., LASSWELL, H. D. & CHEN, L. C. 'The Protection of Aliens from Discrimination and World Public Order: Responsibility of States Conjoined with Human Rights'. (1976) 70 American Journal of International Law, 432-69.

NEW SOUTH WALES, ETHNIC AFFAIRS COMMISSION. Annual Reports. Sydney, Government Printer, 1980, 1981, 1982.

NEW SOUTH WALES, ETHNIC AFFAIRS COMMISSION. Ethnic Groups and Police: A N .S .W W. Survey. Sydney, Government Printer. Pp. 55.

This report surveys police perceptions of problems with Aborigines and Ethnic Groups. It examines communication difficulties between police and Aborigines, ethnic people.

NEW SOUTH WALES, ETHNIC AFFAIRS COMMISSION. Participation. Sydney, Government Printer, 1978. Pp. 611.

The Report is a survey of the problems faced by non-English speaking immigrants with regard to employment, education, legal representation and advice, provision of goods and services, welfare and health services. A special part is devoted to the problems of immigrant women. The report also concentrates on the role of government as an employer and as a provider of services to immigrants. The rights of minority groups to achieve total participation in the political and social system is identified as the fundamental issue.

NEWDICK, CHRISTOPHER. 'Immigrants and the Decline of Habeas Corpus'. (1982) Public Law, 89-109.

PRICE, CHARLES A. Australian Immigration. A Bibliography and Digest. Canberra, Australian National University, 1979. Pp. xi + A160 + 143. ISBN 0 909409 08 0.

PRYLES, MICHAEL CHARLES. Australian Citizenship Law. Sydney, Law Book Co., 1981. Pp. xxv + 271. ISBN 0 455 20359 81,

REVIEW OF POST-ARRIVAL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES FOR MIGRANTS. Migrant Services and

RIVETT, KENNETH. Australia and the Non-White Migrant. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press, 1975. Pp. ix + 327. ISBN 0 522 84078 7.

STORER, DES (ed.). Ethnic Rights, Power, and Participation: Toward a Multi-Cultural Australia. Melbourne, Clearing House on Migration Issues; Ecumenical Migration Centre; Centre for Urban Research and Action. Pp. 88. ISBN 0 909274 01 9.

This book reviews the social research that has been carried out on immigrant representation and participation in Australian political decision making and suggests that migrants do not have the same rights as Australian-born persons.

SUNDBERG-WEITMAN, B. Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality. Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1977. Pp. vii + 248. ISBN 0 7204 0477 0.

This is a scholarly study of the EEC legal mechanisms for protection against discrimination on grounds of nationality. It examines the particular content and application of the anti-discriminatory clauses of the EEC treaty. Bibliography and register of case law.

THROSSELL, HAROLD (ed.). Ethnic Minorities in Australia. The Welfare of Aborigines and Migrants. Sydney, Australian Council of Social Service, 1968. Pp. viii + 184.

WALJn7R, D. J. 'Statelessness: Violation or Conduit for Violation of Human Rights?'. J1) 3 Human Rights Quarterly, 106-28.

WETS, P. Nationality and Statelessness in International Law. 2nd edn. Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979. Pp. xlii + 337. ISBN 90 286 0329 8.

This is a theoretical analysis and a thorough presentation of legislative, governmental and judicial practice of several states and international courts in respect of the nationality of individuals. The reasoning is based on the thesis that nationality, though determined by municipal law, is itself a concept of international law. Therefore multiple aspects of the relationship of these two types of law are examined Lists of cases, treaties, statutes. Documentary Appendixes. Bibliography. Index.

WHITE, R. & HAMPSON, F. J. 'The British Nationality Act 1981 — Civitas in Tres Partes Divisa Est'. (1982) Public Law, 6--20.

Deportation and due process

See also —

Civil and political rights (p. 176): Security of the person (p. 193): Habeas corpus and detention (p. 200), Police powers (p. 201)

Related issues —

bail; double jeopardy; legal aid; right to counsel; right to silence

'Due Process and Deportation: a Critical Examination of the Plenary Power and the Fundamental Fairness Doctrine'. (1981) 8 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 397-427.

'Exclusionary Rule in Deportation Proceedings: a Time for Alternatives'. (1980) 14 Journal of International Law and Economics, 349-74.

KONVITZ, MILTON R. Civil Rights in Immigration. New York, Cornell University Press, 1953.

LANE, BILL. 'The Pochi Decision'. (1983) 1 Human Rights, 1-5.

Pochi v. Ministers for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. (1981) 26 Australian Law Reports 247; (1981) 36 Australian Law Reports 561.

R v. Governor of Pentonville Prison; Ex Parte Azam. (1973) 2 All England Law Reports 765.

Salemi v. MacKellar. (1977) 137 Commonwealth Law Reports 388, 396.

SHEARER, I. A. Extradition in International Law. Manchester, Manchester University Press; Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., Oceana 1971. Pp. xxiii + 283. ISBN 0 7190 0417 9. ISBN 0 379 004755.

This is a careful study of the legal, procedural and political aspects of extradition under universal and regional international law. International cooperation in the suppression of crime and procedures other than extradition are also examined. Very useful Appendixes: extradition statistics, list of extradition treaties and statutes, selected treaty texts. Extensive bibliography and index.

TAYLOR, G. D. S. 'The Deportation Jurisdiction of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal'. (17 June 1981) Administrative Law Service, 5065-83.

VAN DEN WIJNGAERT, CHRISTINE. The Political Offence Exception to Extradition -- The Delicate Problem of Balancing the Rights of the Individual and the International Public Order. Deventer, Kluwer, 1980. Pp. xxi + 263.

Rights of special groups 325

See also —

Rights of

AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC AFFAIRS. Please Listen to What I'm Not Saying. A Report on the Survey of Settlement Experiences of Indochinese Refugees 1978-80. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1982. Pp. 125. ISBN 0 644016531.

GRAHL-MADSEN, A. The Status of Refugees in International Law. 2 vols. Leiden, Sijthoff, 1966 (vol. 1), 1972 (vol. 2). Pp. xxiii + 499, xvi + 482. ISBN 0 286 0042 6.

This is a most complete and competent work on the subject of the legal status of refugees and stateless persons in general, and of asylum, protection and the responsibility of state in matters relating to refugees in particular. International as well as municipal law (member countries of the Council of Europe and U.S.A.) are examined. Extensive bibliography, lists of cases,' municipal laws and regulations, international instruments. Index.

N. S .W. ETHNIC AFFAIRS COMMISSION. Survival and Beyond — Refugee Services in N .S .W W. 2 vols. Sydney, Government Printer, 1979. Pp. 86 (vol. 1). Pp. 22 (vol. 2).

This report examines the services available in N. S.W. to refugees, including on-arrival services, financial and material assistance, opportunities for English language study, welfare and health services, accommodation, legal representation and employment.

UNITED NATIONS, HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES. Collection of International Instruments Concerning Refugees. Geneva, Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 1979.

A useful collection of universal and regional (Africa, Americas, Europe — Council of Europe and EEC) instruments concerning the legal status and protection of human rights of refugees and stateless persons.

See also —