Prevailing strategies,policiesand investmentsofpublicfunds for northern developmentarenotdesigned aroundIndigenoussocialand economicdevelopment. We regardthisomission asinconsistentwith theMaryRiver Principlesand the internationalconventions on which theydraw.Thissituation cannotcontinue given patternsofdemographyand land ownership in northernAustralia,andcontinuingIndigenousdisadvantage.Approachesto northern developmentdesignedto meetIndigenousneedsand aspirationsmust:
TheNorth Australian Ministerial Forum(NAMF)hasidentified infrastructureinvestment,growth inthebeefindustry,water and energy,improved servicedeliveryand deepening communityengagementasareasofgovernmentfocus.WhilsttheIEP supportsworkin all oftheseareas,italsobelieves thattheconsiderationsabovehighlightimportantgaps,including:
failureto consider changeinfiscal policy,specificallythe way in which publicfundsareinvestedto supportnorthernandIndigenouseconomicdevelopment;
weakrecognition of Indigenousinterests in land and resourcesasdetermining factorsinnortherndevelopment;
littleconsiderationofemerging economicopportunities,including carbon and otheroffsetindustries;
noapparentintention to deal with theidiosyncratic and sometimesconflicting approachesfromdifferentportfoliosthatcompromiseeffectivenessof programs;
Contemporarydebate regardingIndigenous dependenceonpublicfundsconfoundsthedistincteffectsofpublicinvestmentsatdifferentscales. Dependenceon publicoutlays willremain akeyfeatureofremoteand regionaleconomies,despitethedisproportionatelylargecontribution thattheregions'resourcesmaketo nationalproduction. Dominantindustriesoperate in waysthatgeneratecomparativelylittle localwealth buthavesubstantiallocalcosts:benefitsflow mostlyto largercentresin southern Australiaor overseas,and into publicrevenues. Butimmediateandoften markedenvironmentaland socialeffectsare feltmostlylocally.Increasing theproportion ofrevenuesre-invested in thenorthwill bean essentialfeatureofanyusefuland equitablestrategyfor northerndevelopment. Increasedinvestmentsneed to beaboutmorethanjustinfrastructureto increase ratesorlower costsofresourceextraction. Theymustdirectlyaddressimprovements in human and socialcapital thatgobeyond the basics ofhealth and education,to encourageinnovation inlivelihoodsbasedonownership of land and use and managementoftheir resources.Local peoplemustbe directlyinvolved ingenerating wealth to reduceindividualdependenceon incomesupport.Investmentsarealso required to help offsetthewell-documented environmentaland socialcosts ofthecoming andgoingofextractiveindustries.
Governmentinterventionsofthispositivesortareentirelyconsistentwithboth thesupportalreadyoffered to thepastoralindustryand proposalsto investin infrastructuretosupportextractiveindustriesand agriculturaldevelopment. Welltargetedinvestmentsinpeople will beintegralto anylong termstrategyto reducewelfaredependence.
Key shifts in policy forIndigenousdevelopmentin northern Australia mustinclude:
hypothecationofa substantialproportion ofresourcerevenuestoIndigenouseconomicdevelopment,addressing both employmentand enterprise creation;
reviewofgovernmentenvironmentaloffsets andsocialbenefitspackagesassociated with majordevelopmentprojects,with redesign to favour creationand industry-supportedincubation ofIndigenousbusinessesto deliver on commitments;