Mwezi Tumia eneo hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na mwezi



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9.1.1.1 Kuwepo


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayoonyesha kwamba kitu fulani kipo -- yaani, siyo cha fikra, ni cha kweli.

(1) Maneno gani hutumika kuonyesha kwamba jambo fulani lipo?

• exist, existence, there is, there exists, there lives, be, be found, occur, be in existence, be in operation, real,

(2) Maneno gani hutaja kitu kikianza kuwepo?

• appear, arise, coalesce, come into being, come into existence, come to be, develop, emerge, form, materialize, spring up, take shape

(3) Maneno gani hutaja hali ya kuendela kuwepo?

• remain, persist, persistence, survive, survival, survivor,

(4) Maneno gani hutaja kitu kikiisha kuwepo?

• become extinct, extinction, die out, disappear, vanish, cease to exist, disappearance, disintegrate, disintegration, fade, loss,

(5) Maneno gani hutaja hali ya kutokuwepo -- yaani, labda ilikuwepo zamani lakini siyo sasa, au haijawahi kuwepo?

• non-existent, extinct, there's no, there's no such thing,

9.1.1.2 Kuwa, kubadili hali


Lugha nyingi zina maneno ya kawaida yanayoonyesha kwamba mabadiliko ya hali fulani yametokea. Maneno haya huweza kutumika yakiwa na maana nyingi maalumu. K.m., katika Kiswahili neno 'kuwa' linaweza kutumika kwa kutaja mabadiliko ya nafsi au sura, mabadiliko ya sifa fulani, mabadiliko ya asili, na mambo mengi mengine.

(1) Maneno gani hutumika kuonyehsa mabadiliko ya hali?

• anza kuwa, geuka, badilika kuwa,

(2) Maneno gani hutumika kwa kusababisha mabadiliko ya hali?

• produce, cause to be, make to be, make, make into, result in, bring upon, bring about

(3) Maneno gani hutumika kwa kupata kuwa hali fulani?

• kupata kuwa, kufika

9.1.1.3 Kuwa na


Lugha nyingi zina maneno mengi ya kawaida yanayotumika kuonyesha mahusiano ya aina mbalimbali baina ya vitu viwili. Baadhi ya maneno haya katika Kiswahili ni "kuwa na", na "cha, ya, vya, wa n.k.".

(1) Maneno gani ya kawaida huhusisha nomino mbili?

• have, of, -'s

9.1.1.4 Uangamaji


Uangamaji wa neno husababisha kujua umiliki au chanzo lake.

(1) Maneno gani hutumika kuonyesha uangamaji wa kitu fulani?

• found to be, discover to be, turn out to be, be in many ways

(2) Maneno gani huonyesha kimefikapo kwenye skeli kwa kitu fulani?

•

(3) Maneno gani huonyesha tathmini ya kitu fulani?

•

9.1.1 Kuwa


Lugha nyingi zina maneno ya kawaida yanayoonyesha hali fulani. Maneno ya kawaida haya yanaweza kutumika kwa kumaanisha mambo mengi maalumu. K.m., katika Kiswahili neno "ni" inaweza kutimika kwa kuelezea kitu, kutaja kitu, na mambo mengine.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja kitu kikiwa jambo fulani?

• be, represent, amount to, form, make, constitute

(2) Maneno gani huonyesha kwamba jambo fulani linatajiwa?

• is

(3) Maneno gani huonyehsa kwamba kundi la vitu ni jambo fulani?

• make up, form, constitute, add up to,

9.1.2.1 Kutokea


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa vitenzi visivyo na mtendaji wa hiari -- yaani, tendo halifanyikiwa kwa kusudi, linatokea tu ghafla au kwa bahati nzuri au mbaya tu.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la jambo kutokea?

• happen, occur, take place, chance, befall, betide, supervene,

(2) Maneno gani hutaja jambo ambalo limtokea?

• event, experience, affair, occurrence, phenomenon, occasion,

9.1.2.2 Kuitikia


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kuitikia au kuonyesha hisia kwa sababu ya tukio fulani.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuitikia au kuonyesha hisia?

• react, respond,

(2) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumtendea mwingine sawasawa na anavyokutendea?

• reciprocate, give back,

(3) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuonyesha hisia ambayo inazidi ya kawaida au kuzidi inavyotakiwa kuwa?

• overreact,

(4) Maneno gani hutaja jinsi mtu anavyoitikia au kuonyesha hisia?

• reaction, response, feedback, backlash,

(5) Maneno gani hutaja uwezo wa kuitikia haraka sana?

• reactions, reflexes,

(6) Maneno gani hutaja kuitikia katika njia nzuri?

• responsive

9.1.2.3 Kuumba


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kuumba jambo fulani -- yaani, kusababisha jambo fulani liwepo ambalo halijakuwepo kabla ya hapo.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kubuni jambo fulani?

• create, dream up, imagine, compose, contrive, design, devise, invent, conceive of, think up, make up

(2) Maneno gani hutaja jambo ambalo limebunika?

• design, invention, conception, dream

(3) Maneno gani hutaja jambo ambalo limeumbwa?

• creation, creature,

(4) Maneno gani hutaja mtu anayeumba au kubuni?

• creator, inventor,

(5) Maneno gani huelezea jambo lililoumbwa?

• created,

9.1.2.4 Kupanga


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kupanga jambo fulani -- yaani, kuamua na kuweka mpango kuhusu jinsi jambo fulani litakavyoonekana au litakavyofanya kazi.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kupanga jambo fulani?

• design, plan,

(2) Maneno gani hutaja njia ya jambo fulani kupangika?

• design,

(3) Maneno gani hutaja mtu anayepanga mambo?

• designer, architect, planners

9.1.2.5 Kutenganeza, kufanya


Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kutenganeza jambo fulnai -- yaani, tendo la kuweka sehemu za kitu zikiunganishwa au kuwepo pamoja ili kuumba jambo ambalo halijakuwepo mpaka hapo.

(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kufanya au kutenganeza jambo fulani?

• make, build, construct, create, fabricate, fashion, form, generate, manufacture, prepare, produce, shape, bring into being,

(2) Maneno gani hutaja jambo ambalo limetenganezwa?

• artifact, building, construction, manufactured goods, product, production

(3) Maneno gani hutaja mtu anayetenganeza jambo fulani?

• builder, maker, producer, manufacturer

(4) Maneno gani huelezea jambo lililotenganezwa?

• man-made, hand-made, manufactured, artificial, synthetic



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