Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Szentiványi, Márton S.J. (Martin) (Szentivány, 20 October 1633 - Nagyszombat, now Trnava, Slovakia, 5 March 1705) – Writer. Upon completion of his education in Theology, he was ordained priest and became a Jesuit teacher in Vienna and Nagyszombat, He was Chancellor and Governor of Vienna’s Pazmaneum Seminary for twelve years. From 1675, he edited the Latin publication of Calendarium Tyrnaviens in Nagyszombat. From it he compiled his main work, Curiosa et selectiora… a theological contemplation, written in encyclopedic style as a scientific summary of his era’s scientific knowledge. András (Andrew) Spangár incorporated the list of authors from Szentiványi’s manuscript into his Hungarian Library (Magyar Bibliotéka), a bibliography of writers. – B: 1150, T: 3240.
Szent-Iványi, Sándor (Alexander) (Marosvásárhely, now Targu Mureş, Transylvania, Romania, 8 January 1902 - Lancaster, MA. USA, 6 October 1983) – Unitarian pastor and writer. He obtained qualifications from the Theological Academy of Kolozsvár, (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), and from the Universities of Harvard and Chicago, followed by a private teacher’s Degree in 1934 from the Unitarian Theological Academy, Kolozsvár. He worked as a pastor (1927-1934), and then held a theological teaching position in Kolozsvár (1939). He was a pastor in Budapest (1939-1947). He was Ministerial President of the Hungarian Unitarian Church, and a Member of Parliament (1945-1947). After World War II, he aided his people as President of the Hungarian Red Cross. Upon the Communist takeover of Hungary in 1948, due to his presidency of the Civilian Democratic Party, he left Hungary for the United Kingdom, and eventually settled in the USA. After working for Radio Free Europe, to continue his pastoral work, he retired to Lancaster, MA, where he was the president of several local Hungarian associations. Most of his Hungarian literary works were published in Kolozsvár; only one was issued in the USA. Besides his books, he published many Hungarian and English religious and Church related articles. – B: 1150, 1020, T: 3240.
Szent-Iványi, Tamás (Thomas) (Szentivánlaborfalva, now Sântion-Lunca in Transylvania, Romania, 2 November 1920 - Budapest, 14 April 1991) – Veterinarian. He obtained his Veterinary Degree from the University of Budapest, in 1946. Between 1946 and 1948 he was a veterinary specialist of the Benedek Factory; from 1948 to 1950 of the Phylaxia Factory. From 1950, he was a demonstrator at the Institute of Epidemiology of the Veterinary College. From 1956 to 1970, he was a scientific associate and, from 1970 to 1975, an associate of the College’s Center in Rome. He received a Doctorate in Veterinary Science in 1965. From 1976 till 1985 he was Professor and Head of Department in the Epidemiological Institute of the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Budapest. He dealt chiefly with infectious animal diseases, bacteriology, immunology and virology, but also with Aujerszky disease, pig diseases and foot-and-mouth disease; his classificatory system in relation to the description and classification of the entero-viruses of pigs was internationally recognized. He was a member of the Leopoldina Natural Science Academy of Halle (1977) and was made an honorary doctor of the University of Giessen and an honorary member of numerous foreign societies. His works include The Character of the Hungarian Speckled Cattle (A magyar tarka marha jellege) (1946), and The Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals (A háziállatok fertőző betegségei) (1985). He was awarded the State Prize in 1983 and was a Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (corresponding 1973, ordinary 1979). – B: 1730, T: 7456.
Szentjóbi Szabó, László (Ladislas) (Ottomány, now Otomani in Romania), 22 June 1767 - Kufstein, Austria, 6 October 1795) – Poet and writer. He was a descendant of the lesser nobility. He studied at the Reformed College of Debrecen. From 1786 he was a teacher in Nagyvárad (now Oradea in Romania). He became a qualified high school teacher in 1789, and started in that capacity in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare in Romania); the city did not welcome Protestant teachers, and he lost his position at the nationalized Minorite High School in 1791. In the same year, he published his first book of poems, the Poetic Works of Sz.Sz.L. (Sz.Sz.L. költeményes munkái). He applied, without success, for the Chair of Esthetics at the University of Pest. However, he received a position at the Council of the Governor-General in Buda, studied Law at the University of Pest, and worked in the legal field; finally, he passed the law examinations in 1794. In 1790-1791 his position as Member of the National Assembly lent voice to the aristocratic resistance, and the internal revolutionary movement of the aristocracy and the shadow of the French Revolution turned his attention to history. He joined the first Hungarian republican movement, the Martinovics conspiracy. He met J. Hajnóczy and F. Szentmarjai, forged a friendship with János (John) Batsányi. When the conspiracy was detected, he was also captured on 8 May 1795. He was sentenced to death; but the penalty was commuted to an indefinite prison term. He was gravely ill, broken in body and spirit, and was transferred to Kufstein, where he died soon after. Szentjóbi Szabó was not a revolutionary, but his prosaic works reflected the idea of bourgeois equality. With his impeccable sense of language, he instinctively used Hungarian properly, and was a conscientious stylist. Alongside József (Joseph) Kármán, he was the greatest artist of Hungarian prose in the 1790s. His barely started poet’s life was characterized by a sentimental tone of noble quality and accurate artistic form. Perhaps his most popular poem is The Simple-Minded Peasant (Az együgyü paraszt). His early tragic death cut short his great lyric promise. Some of his poems were translated into German. – B: 0877, 0883, T: 7456.→Jacobites in Hungary; Martinovics, Ignác; Szentmarjay, Ferenc; Hajnóczy, József; Batsányi, János; Kazinczy, Ferenc; Verseghy, Ferenc; Őz, Pál; Kármán, József.
Szentkatolnai Bálint, Gábor→Bálint, Gábor.
Szentkuthy, Miklós (Nicholas) (Pfisterer) (Budapest, 2 June 1908 - Budapest, 18 July 1988) – Writer, essayist and translator of literary works. He studied at the Petőfi (formerly Werbőczy) High School (1918-1926), and in the Arts Faculty of the University of Budapest, majoring in French and Hungarian (1926-1931), obtaining his Ph.D. on Ben Jonson’s Naturalism, in 1931. Thereafter, he taught at the Madách High School in Budapest (1932-1939), at the Árpád High School (1939-1948), and in the Louis Kossuth Technical College (1949-1958). He made extensive study trips, which determined his future career: Italy, England and other European cultural centers, some with his wife, Dóra Eppinger. His first critiques and studies appeared in the journal Sunrise (Napkelet) from 1926 to 1931. He was an associate of Answer (Válasz), edited by László (Ladislas) Németh, then of Hungarian Star (Magyar Csillag) with Gyula (Julius) Illyés and of New Writing (Új Irás), edited by Ferenc (Francis) Juhász. He gave lectures at the Budapest Free University (1945-1948). He wrote studies for various journals and for the Hungarian Radio. From 1957, he worked as a freelance writer. He translated Swift’s Gulliver, Dickens’ Oliver Twist, and Joyce’s Ulysses. His novel, called Prae, created some stir in 1934 (2nd ed. 1980). In his life’s work he succeeded in conjuring up the everyday life of bygone times. His numerous works include Orpheus, novel (1939); Confession and Puppet-show (Vallomás és Bábjáték) (1942); Divertimento, Mozart’s biographical novel (1957, 1976); Face and Mask (Arc és álarc), Goethe’s biographical novel (1962, 1982), and Breviary of St Orpheus, i-iv (Szent Orpheus breviáriuma, I-IV), novel (1973-1984). He translated from Swift, H. Fast, Charles Dickens, Halldór Kiljan Laxness, Robert Lawson, Mark Twain and James Joyce. He was a recipient of a number of prizes including the Baumgarten Prize (1948), the Attila József Prize (1977), and the Kossuth Prize (1988). – B: 0877, 0878, 0883, 1031, 1257, T: 7456.→Németh, László; Illyés, Gyula; Juhász, Ferenc.
Szentmarjay, Ferenc (Francis) (?, 1767 - Buda, 20 May 1795) – Political writer. He was a descendant of a family of landed gentry. He studied Law at the Academy in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). From 1790 he was the secretary of László (Ladislas) Orczy, and Vice-President of the Treasury. He was a radical democrat, an enthusiastic follower and propagandist of the ideas of the French Revolution. The secret police kept him under observation from 1792. He translated into Hungarian Rousseau’s Social Contract and the French Jacobite Constitution of 1793; a number of articles by Moniteur, and also the open letter that Ignác (Ignatius) Martinovics wrote to Emperor Ferenc I (Francis) 1792-1835). His translations traveled in manuscript form from hand to hand. In the spring of 1794, Martinovics drew him into the secret Republican organization and made him one of the directors of his Society of Liberty and Equality, rallying radical democrats. He gained a large number of members in the Capital City and the Counties of Zemplén and Abauj in the northern part of Hungary. In the night of 16 August 1794, he was arrested. First he was interrogated in Vienna; later, in the lawsuit against the Hungarian Jacobites, he was committed to trial in Hungary, in which he was sentenced to death for high treason and treason against the Hungarian State. He was decapitated on the grassy field called the Vérmező (Blood Field), south of the Castle Hill of Buda. – B: 0883 T: 7456.→Martinovics, Ignác; Jacobites in Hungary; Batsányi, János; Kazinczy, Ferenc; Szentjóbi Szabó, László; Hajnóczy, József; Verseghy, Ferenc.
Szentmártoni Szabó, Géza (until 1990 Géza Szabó) (Tiszanagyfalu, 1 October 1950 - ) –Literary historian. He graduated from high school in Békéscsaba, and studied at the Protestant Theological Academy in Debrecen between 1969 and 1971. He graduated from the University of Budapest, majoring in History and Latin (1973-1978). He was employed at the Széchenyi National Library (1978-1987) and, between 1984 and 1986 he received a scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Since 1987, he has been an associate professor at the Department of Old Hungarian Literature of the Budapest University. Since 1996, he has been Editor of the series of 16th Century Hungarian Poets. His main areas of research are the work of Bálint (Valentine) Balassi, and 16th century Hungarian literature, with the accompanying music and symbolism. In 2009, he discovered in a library in Naples the complete text of the presumably lost work of Janus Pannonius, the Renatus-panegyrius. Some of his works are The Poets of Love (A szerelem költői) (2004), and The Peril of Parthenople (Parthenople veszedelme) (2010). He edited several literary works. – B: 0874, 2100, T: 7697.→Janus Pannonius; Balassi, Bálint.
Szentmártonyi, Ignác (Ignatius) (Kotor, Montenegro, 28 October 1718 - Belica, Croatia, 15 April 1793) – Astronomer and geographer. He studied Arts and Science in Graz, Austria, entered the Jesuit Order in 1735, and studied Theology in Vienna, Austria, while obtaining an education in Astronomy. Until 1749, he taught Mathematics in Graz. When the Portuguese King Juan V sought astronomers and geodesists for colonial service, he applied. He arrived in Maranhão, Northern Brazil, at the headquarters of the Jesuit missionaries. His task was the mapping of the area adjacent to the Spanish colonies. In about 10 years, he covered 30,000 to 35,000 kilometers in the primeval forests of the Amazon, satisfying both parties with his work. When, in 1758 the Order was dissolved in Portugal, the Jesuits living in Brazil were taken captive. He was not a missionary, in the religious sense, but an astronomer in the service of the King. Yet, because of his link with the Missionary Order, he languished for 18 years in the fort-prison of Sao Julian, near Lisbon. After his release in 1777, he returned to Hungary, lived in Csáktornya (now Čakovec, Croatia) for a while, and was a parish priest in Belica (now in Croatia) until his death. – B: 0883, 1123, T: 7674.

Szentmihályfalva, Inscription in the Church (Felsőszentmihály, now Mihai Viteazul, Transylvania, Romania) – Several inscribed stones were found built into the church wall of medieval origin in this village near Torda (now Turda, Romania). The erosion caused by the current of the River Aranyos endangered the church on its original site; therefore it was demolished in 1674, and rebuilt with its stones on the present site. On one of the inscribed stones the fragment of a Latin word and three lines of fragmented and subsequently carved runic inscriptions were visible. The Latin inscription, judged on the form of the letters, was possibly made at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries. The runic writing text was chiselled later, but definitely before the reconstruction (1674-1685), when the wall was plastered over. The forms of the runic letters were very similar to the signs of the runic inscription found at Énlaka (now Inlăceni, Romania) in 1668. – B: 1174, T: 7669.→Runic Writing; Runic Writing, Hungarian.
Szentmihályi Mrs. Szabó, Mária (Ottomány, now Otomani, Romania in former County Bihar, 31 October 1888 - Leányfalu, 24 June 1982) – Writer. She completed her high school in Debrecen; then, started working as a journalist in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). She was a member of the circle of writers that developed around the journal Transylvanian Helicon. (Erdélyi Helikon.). On moving to Budapest, she became a correspondent for the paper, Hungarians (Magyarság), and also published works in the paper New Times (Új Idők). Her works are characterized by strong religiousness; in her novels she portrays the life-path of great historic female personages and also the fate of the bourgeoisie and intelligentsia developing in the 19th century. She was a member of the Transylvanian Hungarian Literary Society, the Szigligeti Society, the Petőfi Society, the Lea Ráskai Literary Society, and the Pen Club. Her works include Apassionata, novel (1926); Irene’s Years (Irén évei), novel (1933)); Man Toils, God Blesses vols. i,ii (Emberé a munka, Istené az áldás, I,II), a novel about her family in Debrecen, (1936, 1937); Zsuzsanna Lorántffy, historical novel (1938); Ilona Zrinyi, historical novel (1939); The Music of Life (Az élet muzsikája) novel (1940), and Harvest (Aratás), novel (1943). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Lorántffy, Zsuzsanna; Zrinyi, Countess Ilona.
Szentpétery, Imre (Emeric) (Középpalojta, now Plachtince Prostredne, Slovakia, 23 September 1878 - Budapest, 14 July 1950) – Historian. As a member of the Eötvös College, he studied at the University of Budapest, and then he went to study in Germany and France for one year, as well as for six months in Italy, conducting art-historical and document research (diplomatics). He obtained his Ph.D. in Arts with his dissertation On the Beginnings of Modern Times in History, in 1901, and his Dip. Ed. in 1902. He became teacher of Latin and History at the High School in Lugos (now Lugoj, Romania) in 1907. During these years he was a member of the János Arany Society of Temesvár (now Timişoara, Romania) and also of the Historical Society. He was mainly engaged in diplomatics and source-material research. In the 1904-1908 period, his works appeared in the journals Centuries (Századok) and Urania. In 1914 he became an honorary lecturer (privatdozent) at the University of Budapest, and from 1918 to 1923, he taught History at the University of Debrecen. After the dictated Peace Treaty of Trianon (1920), which reduced Historic Hungary to the present-day Hungary, from 1923 he worked as Professor of Auxiliary Sciences, lecturing on Heraldry and Diplomatics at the University of Budapest. During 1937 and 1938, he edited the new editions of sources in narrative art of the Árpádian era (1000–1301 AD). He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His works include On the Critique of Objectivity in History (A történelemtudomány objektivitásának kritikája) (1906) and Hungarian Diplomatics (Magyar oklevéltan) (1930). He was a recipient of the Corvin Wreath in 1941. – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.
Szentpétery, József (Joseph) (Rimaszombat, now Rimavská Sobotá, Slovakia, 12 April 1781 - Pest, 12 June 1862) – Goldsmith, outstanding Hungarian master of the 19th century. He studied under artist Pál (Paul) Szathmáry-Király in 1794; and from 1796, under the resident goldsmith of the town of Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia), István (Stephen) Vásárhelyi. From 1805 he continued his studies in Vienna. From there he went to Paris; however, due to the Napoleonic wars, he got stuck in Trieste. In 1808 he was again in Vienna, working with the Court goldsmith, Wirth. In 1811 he became a member of the Goldsmith Trade Guild of Pest, where he presented his masterpiece: the The Chalice of the Last Supper (Az utolsó vacsora kelyhe) of the Szilvásvárad Reformed Church (at the northwest-foot of the Bükk Mountains). Because of financial difficulties he lived in Losonc (now Lučenec, Slovakia) between 1812 and 1818. In 1818 he returned to Pest, where he created numerous personal articles of artistic value in his workshop. His talent made him to create even greater, multiform embossed works. Such works include Traversing the River Granicus, copper embossing (1830), at present in the National Museum; The Battle of Arbela, on which he worked for seven years; and King Porus Falling into Captivity, a silver embossing (1850). The Recapture of Buda Castle (1853) is a composition of embossed copper sheet, as is also the Calvary (Kálvária) (1855). A number of his works are kept in public collections in Budapest (National Museum, Museum of Applied Arts,at the Metropolitan Museum), as well as in country towns. A number of his works are held mainly in Reformed churches. In 1964, the Museum of Applied Arts presented a collection of his works in an exhibition. The goldsmith guilds of Vienna and Besztercebánya (now Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) elected him an honorary member. In his writings, he demanded the abolition of trade-guilds and urged the raising of the educational level of workers in art. He was the most prominent goldsmith in Hungary in the 19 century. – B: 0883, 1440, T: 0883.
Szentpétery, Zsigmond (Sigismund) (Rohod, 31 July 1798 - Pest, 13 December 1858) – Actor. He studied Reformed Theology in Debrecen and Sárospatak. However, against the wishes of his family, he became an actor and joined the company of Ádám Láng and Miklós (Nicholas) Udvarhelyi, setting out with them in the countryside. Later he played at the Beleznay-garden Theater (Beleznay-kerti Színház) of Pest, from where he moved to Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). From there he went to Buda with a company from Kassa in 1835. He was a member of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Budapest ever since its foundation. He was at his best in the personification of the typical figure of contemporary Hungarian life: the judge of the County Court, the notary, the district administrator, the parish choir-master – all roles which he could interpret best. With his imposing appearance, refined manners and polished style he was also eminently suited for the role of the father in French conversational pieces. He also translated plays into Hungarian. His roles included Baltafy in K. Kisfaludy’s Suitors (Kérők); Petur, Michál in Katona’s Bánk bán; Banquo in Shakespeare’s Macbeth; Gloucester in Shakespeare’s King Lear (Lear Király); Menenius Agrippa in Shakespeare’s Coriolanus; Miller in Schiller’s Love and Intrigue (Ármány és szerelem), and the Marquis of Posa in Schiller’s Don Carlos. He was one of the most original talents of the founding group of actors of the National Theater. – B: 0883, 1445, T: 7456.
Szentsei Book of Songs – A manuscript collection of songs from the beginning of the 18th century. It was written in County Veszprém by a Lutheran scribe or teacher, calling himself a Kuruc, a sympathizer with the nationalist cause in Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II’s time. The author is thought to be György (George) Szentsei, whose two songs are also included. The book was probably compiled between 1705 and 1710. This book of songs is one of the most important sources of 17th century Hungarian poetry with a varied content, including songs not found anywhere else. Especially important are his songs of the Kuruc era; among them are the most precious pieces of old Hungarian poetry, such as the Transylvanian Haidu-dance (Erdélyi hajdútánc); Clerics’ World in Hungary (Papvilág Magyarországon), and the Plight of the Poor Lad (Szegénylegény dolga), all fugitive songs. It is especially rich in the jeremiads of the Protestant persecution and includes a rich collection of amusing wedding songs. It is kept in the National Széchényi Library in Budapest. – B: 1150, 1138, 1031, T: 3240.→Kuruc.

Szép, Ernő (Ernest) (Huszt, now Khust, Ukraine, 3 June 1884 - Budapest, 2 October 1953) – Poet, writer, journalist and playwright. His father was a teacher, his mother a seamstress. He attended high school in Hajdúszoboszló, Debrecen and Mezőtúr. As a student he already excelled with his poems. In 1903 he moved to Budapest and contributed to journals such as The Week (A Hét), the West (Nyugat) and The Evening (Az Est). He was conscripted into the army in 1914. He was in Vienna in 1920-1921. He was a contributor of The Newspaper (Az Újság) from 1925. He became a popular playwright and chanson writer for the Cabaret Theater, and wrote excellent short stories as well. He was arrested several times in 1944, was sentenced to a forced labor unit, and was interned in a Jewish Ghetto. After 1948 he lived in poverty. He was a member of the Petőfi Society and was a friend of Endre (Andrew) Ady. He was a sensitive writer with liberal ideas. He wrote more than 60 books, among them The First Bouquet (Az Első csokor) poems, translations (1902); Songbook (Énekeskönyv) poems (1912); Pharmacy (Patika) drama (1919); Violet Acacia (Lila ákác) novel (1922); The Groom (Vőlegény) drama (1922); Valentine, novel (1927); Heartbeat (Szívdobogás) play (1936); Give Me Your Hand (Add a kezed) poems (1958), and The Smell of Humans (Emberszag) (1945, in English 1994). His selected dramas were published in 1975, his articles in 1992 under the title Small Complaint (Kispanasz), and his collected poems in 1995. A literary prize bears his name. – B: 0878, 0877, 0883, 1031, T: 7103.→Ady, Endre.
Szepes Castle – Szepes, (now Spišský hrad) is situated in the northern hilly region of Historic Hungary, (Upland, or Northern Hungary, Felvidék, now Slovakia). The castle built on a granite hilltop for the royal overseer, responsible for the protection of the northern border of the country. According to written records, the castle was already standing in 1249. The original living tower and a Romanesque style palace received their final form in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the first county seat for Szepes County. During the Tartar invasion (1241-1242), most of the building was destroyed, but was later rebuilt and enlarged. In later centuries, many battles were fought for its possession, because it was built adjacent to a key road. In 1703 the Kuruc army occupied it and, until 1710, the castle belonged to the famous Kuruc leader, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II (1705-1711). It was burned down in 1780, and is now in ruins. It consisted of 135 rooms and is the largest castle ruin in the Felvidék. The walls were 3 meters thick, and some 20-30-meter high sections are still standing, with one of the towers still in good shape. During its heyday the castle supported its own agricultural program, including a mill, and even had its own cemetery. Hundreds of soldiers protected the castle with 75-100 cannons. The view from the ruin is quite spectacular. The place is protected and now some renovation work has commenced. The castle and its region is part of the World Heritage. – B: 1078, 1144, 1020, T: 7663.→Rákóczi II, Prince Ferenc.


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