Procedural Fluency
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“The use of the term fluent in a particular standard means “fast and accurate….” The word “fluency” is used judiciously in the standards to mark the endpoint of learning progression that begins with solid underpinnings with the understanding that students have passed through stages of growing maturity. Some fluency expectations are meant to be mental and others completed with pencil and paper. However in each instance there should be no hesitation in getting the answer with accuracy.” “Procedural fluency refers of knowledge of procedures, knowledge of when and how to use them appropriately, and skill in performing them flexibly, accurately, and efficiently….Students need to be efficient and accurate in performing basic computations without always having to refer to tables or other aids. They also need to know reasonably efficient and accurate ways to add, subtract, multiply, and divide multidigit numbers, both mentally and with pencil and paper. A good conceptual understanding of place value in the base-10 system supports the development of fluency in multidigit computation. Such understanding also supports simplified but accurate mental arithmetic and more flexible ways of dealing with numbers than many students ultimately achieve….When skills are learned without understanding, they are learned as isolated bits of knowledge. Learning new topics then becomes harder since there is no network of previously learned concepts and skills to link a new topic to….Also, students who learn procedures without understanding can typically do no more than apply the learned procedures, whereas students who learn with understanding can modify or adapt procedures to make them easier to use.” Adding It Up—National Research Council “Developing fluency requires a balance and connection between conceptual understanding and computational proficiency. On the one hand, computational methods that are over-practiced without understanding are often forgotten or remembered incorrectly. On the other hand, understanding without fluency can inhibit the problem solving process.” NCTM Principles and Standards for School Mathematics 
While the high school standards for mathematics do not list high school fluencies, the PARCC Model Content Frameworks for Mathematics Grades 3-11 suggests fluencies for Algebra I, Geometry and Algebra II as noted below: Algebra IAnalytic Geometry Algebra I students become fluent in solving characteristic problems involving the analytic geometry of lines, such as writing down the equation of a line given a point and a slope. Such fluency can support them in solving less routine mathematical problems involving linearity, as well as in modeling linear phenomena (including modeling using systems of linear inequalities in two variables). HSA-APR.A.1 Fluency in adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials supports students throughout their work in algebra, as well as in their symbolic work with functions. Manipulation can be more mindful when it is fluent. HSA-SSE.A.1b Fluency in transforming expressions and chunking (seeing parts of an expression as a single object) is essential in factoring, completing the square, and other mindful algebraic calculations. GeometryHSG-SRT.B.5 Fluency with the triangle congruence and similarity criteria will help students throughout their investigations of triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, parallelism, and trigonometric ratios. These criteria are necessary tools in many geometric modeling tasks. HSG-GPE.B.4, 5, 7 Fluency with the use of coordinates to establish geometric results, calculate length and angle, and use geometric representations as a modeling tool are some of the most valuable tools in mathematics and related fields. HSG-CO.D.12 Fluency with the use of construction tools, physical and computational, helps students draft a model of a geometric phenomenon and can lead to conjectures and proofs. Algebra IIHSA-APR.D.6 This standard sets an expectation that students will divide polynomials with remainder by inspection in simple cases. For example, one can view the rational expression 
HSA-SSE.A.2 The ability to see structure in expressions and to use this structure to rewrite expressions is a key skill in everything from advanced factoring (e.g., grouping) to summing series to the rewriting of rational expressions to examine the end behavior of the corresponding rational function. HSF-IF.A.3 Fluency in translating between recursive definitions and closed forms is helpful when dealing with many problems involving sequences and series, with applications ranging from fitting functions to tables to problems in finance. Directory: cms -> lib010 lib010 -> Modern Georgia Review lib010 -> Unit IV: End of the Cold War and Contemporary America The Americans lib010 -> Station 1- georgia’s Climate lib010 -> At the Old Haunted House By: Helen Ketteman Illustrated: Nate Wragg Synopsis lib010 -> Table of Contents Receiver Set Up 2 lib010 -> Key Concept 1 Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation lib010 -> Software Programs Writing Kruzweil lib010 -> Simple switches Battery operated scissors lib010 -> Quiz Standard 1 Answer Key lib010 -> Unit 7 summary civil war and reconstruction Download 13.22 Kb. Share with your friends:
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