§ 9.31. Action on a Plan of Nonprofit Conversion

(1) The plan of nonprofit conversion shall be adopted by the board of directors.

(2) After adopting the plan of nonprofit conversion, the board of directors shall submit the plan to the shareholders for their approval. The board of directors shall also transmit to the shareholders a recommendation that the shareholders approve the plan, unless the board of directors makes a determination that because of conflicts of interest or other special circumstances it should not make such a recommendation, in which case the board of directors shall transmit to the shareholders the basis for that determination.

(3) The board of directors may condition its submission of the plan of nonprofit conversion to the shareholders on any basis.

(4) If the approval of the shareholders is to be given at a meeting, the corporation shall notify each shareholder, whether or not entitled to vote, of the meeting of shareholders at which the plan of nonprofit conversion is to be submitted for approval. The notice shall state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider the plan and shall contain or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the plan. The notice shall include or be accompanied by a copy of the articles of organization as they will be in effect immediately after the nonprofit conversion.

(5) Unless (1) a greater percentage vote, or one or more additional separate voting groups, is required by the articles of organization, pursuant to section 7.27(a), by the bylaws, pursuant to section 10.22, or by the board of directors, acting pursuant to paragraph (3), or (2) the articles provide for a lesser percentage vote, in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7.27, approval of the plan of domestication requires approval by two-thirds of all the shares entitled generally to vote on the matter by the articles of organization, and in addition two-thirds of the shares in any voting group entitled to vote separately on the matter by this chapter, by the articles, by the bylaws, or by action of the board of directors pursuant to section 9.31(c).

(6) Separate voting by voting groups is required by each class or series of shares that:

(i) would have a right to vote as a separate group on a provision in the plan that, if contained in a proposed amendment to articles of organization, would require action by separate voting groups under section 10.04; or

(ii) is entitled under the articles of organization to vote as a voting group to approve a plan of merger or amendment of articles.

(7) If any provision of the articles of organization, bylaws or an agreement to which any of the directors or shareholders are parties, adopted or entered into before the effective date of this chapter, applies to a merger of the corporation and does not refer to a nonprofit conversion of the corporation, the provision shall be deemed to apply to a nonprofit conversion of the corporation until such time as the provision is amended subsequent to that date.

(1) the name of the corporation immediately before the filing of the articles of nonprofit conversion and if that name does not satisfy the requirements of chapter 180 or the corporation desires to change its name in connection with the conversion, a name that satisfies the requirements of said chapter 180; and

(2) a statement that the plan of nonprofit conversion was duly approved by the shareholders and, if voting by any separate voting group was required, by each such separate voting group, in the manner required by this chapter and the articles of organization.

(b) The articles of nonprofit conversion shall either contain all of the provisions that chapter 180 requires to be set forth in articles of organization of a domestic nonprofit corporation and any other desired provisions permitted by said chapter 180, or shall have attached articles of organization that satisfy the requirements of said chapter 180, except that in either case provisions that would not be required to be included in restated articles of organization of a domestic nonprofit corporation may be omitted.

(c) The articles of nonprofit conversion shall be delivered to the secretary of state for filing and shall take effect at the effective time provided in section 1.23.

(d) The resulting or surviving corporation shall file a copy of the articles of nonprofit conversion certified by the state secretary in the registry of deeds in each district within the commonwealth in which real property of the corporation is situated. The conversion shall be valid and effective in accordance with the terms of the plan of nonprofit conversion and the articles of nonprofit conversion delivered to the secretary of state pursuant to subsection (c) of section 9.32, notwithstanding any failure to make the filing.

(1) the name of the corporation;

(2) a statement that the articles of charter surrender are being filed in connection with the conversion of the corporation to a foreign nonprofit corporation;

(3) a statement that the foreign nonprofit conversion was duly approved by the shareholders and, if voting by any separate voting group was required, by each such separate voting group, in the manner required by this chapter and the articles of organization; and

(4) the corporation's new jurisdiction of incorporation.

(b) The articles of charter surrender shall be delivered by the corporation to the secretary of state for filing. The articles of charter surrender shall take effect on the effective time provided in section 1.23.

(1) the title to all real and personal property, both tangible and intangible, of the corporation remains in the corporation without reversion or impairment;

(2) the liabilities of the corporation remain the liabilities of the corporation;

(3) an action or proceeding pending against the corporation continues against the corporation as if the conversion had not occurred;

(4) the articles of nonprofit conversion, or the articles of organization attached to the articles of nonprofit conversion, constitute the articles of organization of the corporation;

(5) the shares of the corporation are reclassified into memberships, securities, obligations, rights to acquire memberships or securities of the corporation or into cash or other property in accordance with the plan of conversion, and the shareholders are entitled only to the rights provided in the plan of nonprofit conversion or to any rights they may have under PART 13; and

(6) the corporation is considered to:

(i) be a domestic nonprofit corporation for all purposes;

(ii) be the same corporation without interruption as the corporation that existed before the conversion; and

(iii) have been incorporated on the date that it was originally incorporated as a domestic business corporation.

(b) When a conversion of a domestic business corporation to a foreign nonprofit corporation becomes effective, the foreign nonprofit corporation is considered to:

(1) appoint the secretary of state as its agent for service of process in a proceeding to enforce the rights of shareholders who exercise appraisal rights in connection with the conversion; and

(2) agree that it will promptly pay the amount, if any, to which such shareholders are entitled under PART 13.

(c) The owner liability of a shareholder in a domestic business corporation that converts to a domestic nonprofit corporation shall be as follows:

(1) The conversion does not discharge any owner liability of the shareholder with respect to the business corporation to the extent any such owner liability arose before the effective date of the articles of nonprofit conversion.

(2) The shareholder shall not have owner liability for any debt, obligation or liability of the nonprofit corporation that arises after the effective date of the articles of nonprofit conversion.

(3) The laws of the commonwealth shall continue to apply to the collection or discharge of any owner liability preserved by paragraph (1), as if the conversion had not occurred and the nonprofit corporation were still a business corporation.

(4) The shareholder shall have whatever rights of contribution from other shareholders are provided by the laws of the commonwealth with respect to any owner liability preserved by paragraph (1), as if the conversion had not occurred and the nonprofit corporation were still a business corporation.

(d) A shareholder who becomes subject to owner liability for some or all of the debts, obligations or liabilities of the nonprofit corporation shall be personally liable only for those debts, obligations or liabilities of the nonprofit corporation that arise after the effective time of the articles of nonprofit conversion.
§ 9.35. Abandonment of a Nonprofit Conversion
(a) Unless otherwise provided in a plan of nonprofit conversion of a domestic business corporation, after the plan has been adopted and approved as required by this chapter, and at any time before the nonprofit conversion has become effective, it may be abandoned by the board of directors without action by the shareholders.

(b) If a nonprofit conversion is abandoned under subsection (a) after articles of nonprofit conversion or articles of charter surrender have been filed with the secretary of state but before the nonprofit conversion has become effective, a statement that the nonprofit conversion has been abandoned in accordance with this section, executed by an officer or other duly authorized representative, shall be delivered to the secretary of state for filing before the effective date of the nonprofit conversion. The statement shall take effect upon filing and the nonprofit conversion shall be deemed abandoned and shall not become effective.

(1) the name of the corporation immediately before the filing of the articles of domestication and conversion and, if that name is unavailable for use in the commonwealth or the corporation desires to change its name in connection with the domestication and conversion, a name that satisfies the requirements of section 4.01;

(2) the jurisdiction of incorporation of the corporation immediately before the filing of the articles of domestication and conversion and the date the corporation was incorporated in that jurisdiction; and

(3) a statement that the domestication and conversion of the corporation in the commonwealth was duly authorized as required by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the corporation was incorporated immediately before its domestication and conversion in the commonwealth.

(b) The articles of domestication and conversion shall either contain all of the provisions that subsection (a) of section 2.02 requires to be set forth in articles of organization and any other desired provisions that subsection (b) of section 2.02 permits to be included in articles of organization, or shall have attached articles of organization. In either case, provisions that would not be required to be included in restated articles of organization may be omitted.

(c) The articles of domestication and conversion shall be delivered by the corporation to the secretary of state for filing and shall take effect at the effective time provided in section 1.23.

(d) The corporation shall file a copy of the articles of domestication and conversion certified by the state secretary in the registry of deeds in each district within the commonwealth in which real property of the corporation is situated. The domestication and conversion shall be valid and effective in accordance with the terms of the plan of domestication and conversion and the articles of domestication and conversion delivered to the secretary of state pursuant to subsection (c), notwithstanding any failure to make the filing.

(e) If the foreign nonprofit corporation is authorized to transact business in the commonwealth under this chapter, its authority shall be cancelled automatically on the effective date of its domestication and conversion.

(1) the title to all real and personal property, both tangible and intangible, of the corporation remains in the corporation without reversion or impairment;

(2) the liabilities of the corporation remain the liabilities of the corporation;

(3) an action or proceeding pending against the corporation continues against the corporation as if the domestication and conversion had not occurred;

(4) the articles of domestication and conversion, or the articles of organization attached to the articles of domestication and conversion, constitute the articles of organization of the corporation;

(5) shares, other securities, obligations, rights to acquire shares or other securities of the corporation or cash or other property shall be issued or paid as provided pursuant to the laws of the foreign jurisdiction, so long as at least one share is outstanding immediately after the effective time; and

(6) the corporation is considered to:

(i) be a domestic corporation for all purposes;

(ii) be the same corporation without interruption as the corporation that existed under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was formerly domiciled; and

(iii) have been incorporated on the date it was originally incorporated in the former jurisdiction.

(b) The owner liability of a member of a foreign nonprofit corporation that domesticates and converts to a domestic business corporation shall be as follows:

(1) The domestication and conversion does not discharge any owner liability under the laws of the foreign jurisdiction to the extent any such owner liability arose before the effective time of the articles of domestication and conversion.

(2) The member shall not have owner liability under the laws of the foreign jurisdiction for any debt, obligation or liability of the corporation that arises after the effective time of the articles of domestication and conversion.

(3) The provisions of the laws of the foreign jurisdiction shall continue to apply to the collection or discharge of any owner liability preserved by paragraph (1), as if the domestication and conversion had not occurred and the corporation were still incorporated under the laws of the foreign jurisdiction.

(4) The member shall have whatever rights of contribution from other members are provided by the laws of the foreign jurisdiction with respect to any owner liability preserved by paragraph (1), as if the domestication and conversion had not occurred and the corporation were still incorporated under the laws of that jurisdiction.

(c) A member of a foreign nonprofit corporation who becomes subject to owner liability for some or all of the debts, obligations or liabilities of the corporation as a result of its domestication and conversion in the commonwealth shall be personally liable only for those debts, obligations or liabilities of the corporation that arise after the effective time of the articles of domestication and conversion.

(b) A domestic business corporation may become a foreign other entity only if the entity conversion is permitted by the laws of the foreign jurisdiction. The laws of the foreign jurisdiction governs the effect of converting to an other entity organized in that jurisdiction.

(c) A domestic other entity may become a domestic business corporation. Section 9.55 governs the effect of converting to a domestic business corporation. If the organic law of a domestic other entity does not provide procedures for the approval of an entity conversion, the conversion shall be adopted and approved, and the entity conversion effectuated, in the same manner as a merger of the other entity and its interest holders shall be entitled to appraisal rights if appraisal rights are available upon any type of merger under the organic law of the other entity. If the organic law of a domestic other entity does not provide procedures for the approval of either an entity conversion or a merger, a plan of entity conversion shall be adopted and approved, the entity conversion effectuated, and appraisal rights exercised, in accordance with the procedures in this subdivision and PART 13. Without limiting the provisions of this subsection, a domestic other entity whose organic law does not provide procedures for the approval of an entity conversion shall be subject to subsection (e) of this section and clause (7) of section 9.52. For purposes of applying this subdivision and PART 13:

(1) the other entity, its interest holders, interests and organic documents taken together, shall be deemed to be a domestic business corporation, shareholders, shares and articles of organization, respectively, and vice versa, as the context may require; and

(2) if the business and affairs of the other entity are managed by a group of persons that is not identical to the interest holders, that group shall be deemed to be the board of directors.

(d) A foreign other entity may become a domestic business corporation if the organic law of the foreign other entity authorizes it to become a corporation in another jurisdiction. The laws of the commonwealth shall govern the effect of converting to a domestic business corporation pursuant to this subdivision.

(e) As used in this SUBDIVISION the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context requires otherwise.

"Converting entity", the domestic business corporation or domestic other entity that adopts a plan of entity conversion or the foreign other entity converting to a domestic business corporation.

"Surviving entity", the corporation or other entity that is in existence immediately after consummation of an entity conversion pursuant to this subdivision.
§ 9.51. Plan of Entity Conversion
(a) A plan of entity conversion shall include:

(1) a statement of the type of entity the surviving entity will be and, if it will be a foreign other entity, its jurisdiction of organization;

(2) the terms and conditions of the conversion;

(3) if the surviving entity will be an other entity, the manner and basis of converting the shares of the domestic business corporation into interests or other securities, obligations, rights to acquire interests or other securities, cash, other property, or any combination of the foregoing; and

(4) if the surviving entity will be a domestic business corporation, the manner and basis of converting the interests in the other entity into shares of the domestic business corporation, if any, or other securities, obligations, rights to acquire interests or other securities, cash, other property, or any combination of the foregoing; and

(5) the full text of the organic documents of the surviving entity, as they will be in effect immediately after consummation of the conversion.

The plan of entity conversion may include any other provisions relating to the conversion that may be desired.

(b) The plan of entity conversion may also include a provision that the plan may be amended prior to filing articles of entity conversion, except that subsequent to approval of the plan by the shareholders or by the holders of voting interests in the other entity the plan may not be amended to change:

(1) the amount or kind of shares or other securities, interests, obligations, rights to acquire shares, other securities or interests, cash, or other property to be received by the shareholders or interest holders under the plan;

(2) the organic documents that will be in effect immediately following the conversion, except for changes permitted by a provision of the organic law of the surviving entity comparable to section 10.05; or

(3) any of the other terms or conditions of the plan if the change would adversely affect any of the shareholders or the interest holders in any material respect.
§ 9.52. Action on a Plan of Entity Conversion
In the case of an entity conversion of a domestic business corporation to a domestic or foreign other entity:

(1) The plan of entity conversion shall be adopted by the board of directors.

(2) After adopting the plan of entity conversion, the board of directors shall submit the plan to the shareholders for their approval.

(3) The board of directors may condition its submission of the plan of entity conversion to the shareholders on any basis.

(4) If the approval of the shareholders is to be given at a meeting, the corporation shall notify each shareholder, whether or not entitled to vote, of the meeting of shareholders at which the plan of entity conversion is to be submitted for approval. The notice shall state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider the plan and shall contain or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the plan. The notice shall include or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the organizational documents as they will be in effect immediately after the entity conversion.

(5) Unless (i) a greater percentage vote, or one or more additional separate voting groups, is required by the articles of organization, pursuant to section 7.27(a), by the bylaws, pursuant to section 10.21, or by the board of directors, acting pursuant to paragraph (3), or (ii) the articles provide for a lesser percentage vote, in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7.27, approval of the plan of domestication requires approval by two-thirds of all the shares entitled generally to vote on the matter by the articles of organization, and in addition two-thirds of the shares in any voting group entitled to vote separately on the matter by this chapter, by the articles, by the bylaws, or by action of the board of directors pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

(6) Separate voting by voting groups is required by each class or series of shares that:

(i) would have a right to vote as a separate voting group on a provision in the plan that, if contained in a proposed amendment to the articles of organization, would require action by separate voting groups under section 10.04; or

(ii) is entitled under the articles of organization to vote as a voting group to approve a plan of merger.

(7) If the articles of organization, bylaws or an agreement to which any of the directors or shareholders are parties, adopted or entered into before the effective date of this chapter, applies to a merger of the corporation and the document does not refer to an entity conversion of the corporation, the provision shall be deemed to apply to an entity conversion of the corporation until such time as the provision is subsequently amended.

(8) If as a result of the conversion one or more shareholders of the corporation would become subject to owner liability for the debts, obligations or liabilities of any other person or entity, approval of the plan of conversion shall require the execution, by each such shareholder who does not assert appraisal rights, of a separate written consent to become subject to such owner liability.