Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File
Download 2.71 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- 2. The United States is taking steps to solve Malaria worldwide.
- Ext 1 – Vaccines Solve
AT: Malaria1. New malaria drugs will solve any outbreak because it works against resistant strains.By Donald G. McNeil Jr. December 22, 2008 (Science and health reporter for the New York Times specializing in plagues and pestilences. He covers diseases of the world's poor, AIDS, malaria, avian flu, SARS, mad cow disease and so on. New York Times, “Malaria Drug May Soon Be Set for U.S. Debut”) KMThe Food and Drug Administration is expected soon to approve the first malaria drug in the United States to contain artemisinin, the wormwood derivative from China that is the latest and much heralded cure for malaria in Africa and Asia. Although there are only about 1,500 cases of malaria treated in the country each year — virtually all in people just back from the tropics — the approval would also make the drug available to the military and to Americans planning to go abroad. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most of those travelers returning from the tropics with malaria had been visiting relatives in Africa, India, Haiti or Central America. About 10 percent went abroad as tourists and about 2 percent as members of the military. The drug, Coartem, is made by the Swiss company Novartis. It combines artemether, an artemesinin derivative, with lumefantrine, a drug developed by Chinese scientists, which does not kill parasites as quickly but lingers in the blood longer. By mopping up parasites that artemisinin misses, lumefantrine helps prevent resistance that would defeat the drug, as happened with previous so-called miracle cures like chloroquine. Novartis saysthe F.D.A.’s legal deadline for a decision is this Friday. On Dec. 3, an F.D.A. advisory committee of independent experts voted 18 to 0 to endorse the drug’s effectiveness. The agency usually takes its committees’ advice. About the expected approval, Dr. Claire Panosian, president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, who treats malaria cases in Los Angeles, said: “I’m thrilled. It’s a great breakthrough to have another antimalarial in the U.S.” Novartis sells Coartem (pronounced koh-AHR-tem) to the World Health Organization and medical charities for about 80 cents per course of treatment, which it says is the production cost. It has sold nearly 200 million treatments for use in Africa and claims they have saved 500,000 lives. Coartem was introduced in 2001; it is approved in more than 80 countries, including 16 in Europe. Novartis had had little interest in registering it here because the market is so small and the food and drug agency’s requirements are expensive — even when the application fee, more than $1 million for a new drug, is waived, as it was for Coartem. Novartis came under pressure to register it here because so much taxpayer money was being spent on it after the $1.2 billion President’s Malaria Initiative passed in 2005. 2. The United States is taking steps to solve Malaria worldwide.Thomas Fuller. January 26, 2009. (Staff writer for the New York Times. “Spread of Malaria Feared as Drug Loses Potency.”http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/27/health/27malaria.htmlTo prevent a recurrence with artemisinin therapies, the United States has put aside political considerations and approved a malaria monitoring center in military-run Myanmar, formerly Burma. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, one of the largest donors to malaria research, is giving $14 million to the Thai and Cambodian governments to help pay for a containment program. That program includes efforts to supply the area with mosquito nets, a screening program for everyone living in affected areas and follow-up visits by health workers to assess the effectiveness of the drugs, said Dr. Duong Socheat, director of Cambodia’s National Malaria Center. On the Thai side of the border, the government has “motorcycle microscopists” who take blood samples from villagers and migrant workers, analyze them on the spot and distribute antimalaria drugs. Ext #1 – Vaccines SolveExtremely effective vaccines being developed now – solves their short term impacts and solves long term – Malaria will not exist in 30 years Guy Steyner (Reporter, Lateline) July 15, 2008: Scientists one step closer to Malaria vaccine There's been a breakthrough in the fight against the global malaria pandemic. The parasite kills two million people each year. Scientists from Melbourne have identified key proteins in infected blood cells. The team is now targeting the proteins in the search for a vaccine. GUY STEYNER, REPORTER: This scientist is feeding malaria parasites with fresh human blood. DR ALEX MAIER, WALTER AND ELIZA HALL INSTITUTE: And they have to be looked after every 48 hours because they multiply in the red blood cells and they basically run out of nutrients. ALEX STEYNER: It might sound horrible, but cultivating the parasites has enabled ground breaking research on malaria, which infects red blood cells making them sticky so the parasite can't be flushed through the spleen. PROFESSOR ALAN COWMAN, WALTER AND ELIZA HALL INSTITUTE: We wanted to know how the parasite sticks because that is the key thing that causes disease and the key thing that you need to target in order to treat malaria. GUY STEYNER: After five years of painstaking research these Melbourne scientists have identified the eight proteins that make the infected red cells adhesive. ALAN COWMAN: We can then start to concentrate on these proteins and develop drugs that interfere with the function of these proteins and that would stop the parasite from sticking in organs such as the brain or placenta and would therefore circulate into the spleen and then be eaten by cells in the spleen who's function is to clear infections such as malaria. GUY STEYNER: The discovery could lead to a vaccine. ALEX MAIER: You have to endure a lot of frustration and false leads and when it all comes together it really, really makes you very happy. GUY STEYNER: It's estimated 600 million people are infected with malaria worldwide. The research team here hope their discovery will help eradicate malaria within the next 30 years. Vaccines solve – new vaccines will be ready by next year Rosanne Skirble 2005: HEALTH BRIEFS 2005-1: Malaria Vaccine; Avian Flu Clues from Canine Virus; Appetite-Suppressing Hormone Discovery. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2005-11/2005-11-21-voa29.cfm Scientists and health policy experts gathered in Cameroon recently to discuss ways to fight malaria, the leading cause of death among African children. The Pan Africa Malaria Conference 2005 released findings that suggest there is progress in efforts to create a vaccine for the mosquito-borne disease. A study in 2004 -- in collaboration with the Mozambique Health Ministry -- indicated that the trial vaccine RTS, S-AS02 cut severe malaria episodes in half. Eighteen months later its effectiveness had dropped as feared, but not significantly. Vaccine inventor John Cohen told conference goers that if the findings hold up, the vaccine could save hundreds of thousands of lives. Three million people die of malaria each year. Ninety percent of the cases are in sub-Saharan Africa. RTS, S-AS02 is one of several malaria vaccines now in development. Dr. Cohen says the American pharmaceutical company Glaxo-Smith-Kline is working on a new formulation of the vaccine, which the company hopes to field test within a year. The product could be on the market by 2010. Directory: files -> documents documents -> North Mankato Taylor Library documents -> In the Red and Brown Water documents -> - documents -> I. Disaster Summary Sheet II. Tropical Cyclones documents -> Cbp and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: pga december 22, 2015 documents -> Ace abi catair customs and Trade Automated Interface Requirements documents -> Ace abi catair customs and Trade Automated Interface Requirements documents -> Mobile audio/video recording systems documents -> Cartographic Concepts for Realizing a Location Based umts service documents -> 1/ Background Statistics Human development index rank Download 2.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
|