The concepts of music

THE CONCEPTS OF MUSIC

DURATION

Rhythm: Refers to patterns of long and short sounds. Rhythm involves the grouping and organisation of sounds, and how the long and short notes are arranged.
Beat: is the main time unit of a composition. Best occurs on a strong accent.
Pulse: refers to the underlying pattern of strong beats.
Metre: is the way beats are grouped together and measured.
Time Signature: are numbers used at the beginning of a composition to explain the metre, or how many beats are in each bar.

Simple time: is based on simple or whole beats, like crotchets or minims. E.g. most pop music use 4 beats per bar.
Compound time: is based on dotted beats, such as dotted crotchets.
Multimetre: some pieces use numerous changes in time signatures in quick succession.
Accent: Means emphasis or stress. (One note or chord louder than the others.)
Syncopation: Occurs when the accent is on the weaker beats.

Backbeat: is a feature of rock, popular and Rnb music. Instead of occurring on the first and third beats, the accent is on the second and forth beats, also a form of syncopation.
Polyrhythm: refers to the use of two or more conflicting rhythm patterns or accents at the same time. (“Poly” means “many”)
Cross rhythm: is a type of polyrhythm where two metres are played at the same time.
Free rhythm: describes music where the beat is indefinite.
Ostinato: refers to a repeated pattern of pitch or rhythm, in all or part of a piece.
Tempo: Speed

Accelerando: gradually getting faster.
Ritardando: gradually getting slower.

PITCH

Melody: is a series of pitches, one after the other.
Harmony: is when three or more pitches occur at the same time.
Tonality: are based on one pitch which acts as a “home”.
Key: is the “home” pitch and scale used in a composition.
Scale: is a series of pitches based on a main, or “home” pitch.
High/Low: also refers to pitch, meaning the high-ness or low-ness of a sound.
Semitone: is the distance between one pitch and another pitch closest to it. E.g. steps between a black and white notes, C to C#
Tone: is a distance of two semitones, e.g. from C to D
Major scale: tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, semitone.
Minor scale: tone, semitone, tone, tone, semitone, tone, & a half, semitone.
Mode: scales with different patterns of tones and semitones.
Modulation: temporarily changing the home key.
Pentatonic scale: consisting of five notes (penta means five), usually the scale degrees 12345.
Chromatic scale: consisting of all semitones (every black and white note on the piano)
Chords: consist of three or more pitches played at the same time.
Chord Progression: is the name of a pattern of different chords.
Blues scale: the blue scale is used as the basis of the melody, and the chord pattern is usually based on a 12 bar progression, called 12 bar blues.
Consonant:

Dissonance:

Range: Every instrument or voice has a range – from the lowest note it can produce to the highest note it can produce,

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