外国文学作品欣赏 Edited By Zhu Farong Ding Liqun 主 编 朱法荣 副主编 丁立群 Shandong Agricultural University

1. Prometheus and Man

Then there came the occasion that when gods an men were in dispute at Sicyon concerning the prerogatives of each, Prometheus, by an ingenious trick, attempted to settle the question in favor of man. Dividing into two portions a sacrificial bull, he wrapped all the eatable parts in the skin, cunningly surmounted with uninviting entrails; but the bones he garnished with a plausible mass of fat. He then offered Jupiter his choice. The king of heaven, although he perceived the intended fraud, took the heap of the bones and fat, and forthwith availing himself of this insult as an excuse for punishing mankind, deprived the race of fire. But Prometheus regained the treasure, stealing if from the Heaven in a hollow tube.

By Jove’s order Prometheus was chained to a rock on mount Caucasus, and subjected to the attack of an eagle which, for ages, preyed upon his live, yet succeeded not in consuming it.

In his steadfastness to withstand the torment the Titan was supported by the knowledge that in the thirteenth generation there should be a hero, --sprung from Jove himself, -- to release him. And in fullness of time the hero did arrive: none other than the mighty Hercules. No higher service, thinks this radiant and masterful personage, remains to be performed than to free the champion of mankind. Hercules utters these words to the Titan—

The soul of man can never be enslaved

Save by its own infirmities, nor freed

Save by its very strength and own resolve

And constant vision and supreme endeavor!

You will be free? Then, courage, O my brother!

O let the soul stand in the open door

Of life and death and knowledge and desire

And see the peaks of thought kindle with sunrise!

Then shall the soul return to rest no more,

No harvest dreams in the dark field of sleep—

Rather the soul shall go with great resolve

To dwell at last upon the shining mountains

In liberal converse with the eternal stars.

Thereupon he kills the eagle; and sets Jove’s victim free.

The fiery force of Apollo, the Far-darter, was not felt by the monsters of darkness alone. His friendship for the young and the vigorous was frequently as dangerous as it was dear to the objects of it. He was, for instance, passionately fond of named Hyacinthus. The god of the silver bow accompanied the lad in his sports, carried the nets when he went fishing, led the dogs when he went to hunt, followed him in his excursions in the mountains, and neglected for him both lyre and arrows. One day they played a game of quoits; Apollo, heaving aloft the discus with strength mingled with skill, sent it high and far. Hyacinthus, excited with the sports and eager to make his throw, ran forward to seize the missile; but it bounded from the earth and struck him in the forehead. He fainted and fell. The god, as pale as himself, raised him and tried all his art to stanch the wound and retain the flitting life, but in vain. As when one has broken the stem of a lily in the garden it hangs its head and turns its flowers to the earth, so the head oaf the dying boy, as if too heavy for his neck, fell over on his shoulder. “Thou diest, Hyacinth,” spoke Phoebus, “ robbed of thy youth by me. Would that I could die for thee! But since that may not be, my lyre shall celebrate thee, my song shall tell thy fate, and thou shalt become a flower in scribed with my regret.” While the golden god spoke, the blood which had flowed on the ground and stained the herbage ceased to be blood; and a flower of hue more beautiful than the Tyrian sprang up, resembling the lily, save that this is purple and that silvery white. Phoebus then, to confer still greater honor, marked the petals with his sorrow, inscribing “ Ai! Ai!” upon them. The flower bears the name of Hyacinthus, and with returning spring revives the memory of his fate.

It was said that Zephyrus (the west wind), who was also fond of Hyacinthus and jealous of his preference of Apollo, blew the quoits out of its course to make it strike Hyacinthus.

3. 
   Wind Flower, Venus’s Beloved
   

Having given him this warning, she mounted her chariot drawn by swans and drove away through the air. But Adonis was too noble to heed such counsels. The dogs had roused a wild boar from his lair, and the youth threw his spear and wounded the animal with a sidelong stroke. The beast drew out the weapon with his jaws and rushed after Adonis, who turned and ran; but the boar overtook him, and buried his tusks in his side, and stretched him dying upon the plain.

Venus, in her swan-drawn chariot, had not yet reached Cyprus, when she heard coming up through mid air the groans of her beloved, and turned her white-winged courses back to earth. As she drew near and saw from on high his lifeless body bathed in blood, she alighted, and bending over it to beat her breast and tore her hair. Reproaching the Fates, she said, “ yet there shall be partial triumph; memorials of my grief shall endure, and spectacle of your death, my Adonis, and of my lamentation shall be annually renewed. Your blood shall be changed into a flower; that consolation none can envy me.” Thus speaking, she sprinkled nectar on the blood; and as they mingled, bubbles rose as in a pool \, on which raindrops fall, and in an hour’s time there sprang up a flower of blood hue like that of the pomegranate. But it is short- lived. It is said the wind blows the blossoms open, and afterwards blows the petals away; so it is called Anemone, or Wind Flower, from the cause which assists equally in its production and its decay.

3. 
   Cupid in Love With Psyche
   

This perversion of homage due only to the immortal powers to the exultation of a mortal gave great offence to the real Venus. She calls her son Cupid, and says, “ Infuse into the bosom of that haughty girl a passion for some low, mean, unworthy being, so that she may reap mortification as great as her present exultation and triumph.”

Cupid hastened to the chamber of Psyche, whom he found asleep. He shed over her lips a few drops from bitter fountain in Venus’s garden, then touched her side with the point his arrow. At the touch she awoke, and opened eyes upon Cupid, which so startled him that in his confusion he wounded himself with his own arrow.

Psyche, henceforth frowned upon by Venus, deprived no benefit from all her charms. Neither king, royal youth, nor plebeian presented himself to demand her in marriage. Her parents consulted the oracle of Apollo and received this answer: “ the virgin is destined for the bride of no moral lover. Her future husband awaited her on the top of the mountain. He is a monster whom neither gods nor men can resist.”

Psyche said, “ Leap me to that rock to which my unhappy fate has destined me.” Accordingly, all things being prepared, the royal maid, accompanied by her parents, ascended the mountain, on the summit of which they left her alone. The gentle Zephyr raised her from the earth and bore her with an easy motion into a flowery dale.

She looked round and beheld near by a pleasant grove of tall and stately trees. She entered it, and in the midst discovered a fountain, and fast by, a magnificent palace whose august front impressed the spectator that it was not the work of moral hands, but the happy retreat of some god. She approached the building and ventured to enter. Every object she met filled her with pleasure and amazement.

While her eyes were thus occupied, a voice addressed her, “ Sovereign lady, all that you see is yours, and we are your servants. Retire therefore to you chamber and respond on your bed of down. Supper awaits is you in the adjoining alcove when it pleases you to take your seat there.” Psyche gave ear to the admonitions of her vocal attendants.

She had not yet seen her destined husband. He came only in the hours of darkness and fled before the dawn of morning. She often begged him to stay and let her behold him, but he would not consent. At length the thought of her parents preyed on her mind. When her husband came one night, she told him her distress, and at last drew from his unwilling contents that her sisters should be brought to see her.

So calling Zephyr, she commanded him to bring her two sisters across the mountain down to the valley in which she dwelt. The view of the celestial delights in the golden palace caused envy to enter the sisters’ bosoms, at seeing Psyche possessed of such state and splendor, so much exceeding their own.

Thereupon the sisters said to Psyche, “ the Pythian oracles declared that you are destined to marry to direful and tremendous monster; and the inhabitants of this valley say that your husband is a monstrouos serpent. Take our advice! When he is sound asleep, slip out of bed and see for yourself whether they say is true or not. If it is, hesitate not to cut off the monster’s head and thereby recover your liberty.”

When her sisters were gone, their words and her own curiosity were too strong for her to resist. So she prepared her lamp and a sharp knife. When he had fallen into his first sleep, she silently rose and uncovering her lamp beheld not a hideous monster, but the most beautiful and charming of the gods. A drop of burning oil fell on the shoulder of the god, startled with which he opened his eyes, spread his wings and flew out of the window. Psyche, in vain endeavoring to follow him, fell from the window to the ground. Cupid stopped his flight for an instant and said, “ After having disobeyed my mother’s commands and made you my wife, will you think me a monster? But go; love cannot dwell with suspicion.” So saying, he fled away.

She looked around her, but the palace and gardens had vanished, and she found herself in the open field not far from the city where her sister dwelt. She repaired thither and told them the whole story of her misfortunes, at which, pretending to grieve, those spiteful creatures inwardly rejoiced. Each of them rose early the next morning and ascended the mountain, and having reached the top, called upon Zephyr to receive her and bear her to his lord; then leaping up, and not being sustained by Zephyr, fell down the precipice and was dashed to piece.

Psalm & Song of Solomon

Psalm . 135

Let the Lord be praised. O you servants of the Lord, give praise to the name of the Lord. You who are in the house of the Lord, and in the open spaces of the house of our God, Give praise to God, for he is good: make melody to his name, for it is pleasing. For the Lord has taken Jacob for himself, and Israel for his property I know that the Lord is great, and that our Lord is greater than all other gods. The Lord has done whatever was pleasing to him, in heaven, and on the earth, in the seas and in all the deep waters. He makes the mists go up from the ends of the earth; he makes thunder-flames for the rain; he sends out the winds from his store-houses. He put to death the first-fruits of Egypt, of man and of beast. He sent signs and wonders among you, O Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on all his servants. He overcame great nations, and put strong kings to death; Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan; And gave their land for a heritage, even for a heritage to Israel his people. O Lord, your name is eternal; and the memory of you will have no end. For the Lord will be judge of his people's cause; his feelings will be changed to his servants. The images of the nations are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. They have mouths, but no voice, they have eyes, but they do not see; They have ears, but no hearing; and there is no breath in their mouths. Those who make them are like them; and so is everyone who puts his hope in them. Give praise to the Lord, O children of Israel: give praise to the Lord, O sons of Aaron: Give praise to the Lord, O sons of Levi: let all the worshippers of the Lord give him praise. Praise be to the Lord out of Zion, even to the Lord whose house is in Jerusalem, Let the Lord be praised.

Psalm . 137

By the rivers of Babylon we were seated, weeping at the memory of Zion, Hanging our instruments of music on the trees by the waterside. For there those who had taken us prisoners made request for a song; and those who had taken away all we had gave us orders to be glad, saying, Give us one of the songs of Zion. How may we give the Lord's song in a strange land? If I keep not your memory, O Jerusalem, let not my right hand keep the memory of its art. If I let you go out of my thoughts, and if I do not put Jerusalem before my greatest joy, let my tongue be fixed to the roof of my mouth. O Lord, keep in mind against the children of Edom the day of Jerusalem; how they said, Let it be uncovered, uncovered even to its base. O daughter of Babylon, whose fate is destruction; happy is the man who does to you what you have done to us. Happy is the man who takes your little ones, crushing them against the rocks.

Psalm .139

O Lord, you have knowledge of me, searching out all my secrets. You have knowledge when I am seated and when I get up, you see my thoughts from far away. You keep watch over my steps and my sleep, and have knowledge of all my ways. For there is not a word on my tongue which is not clear to you, O Lord. I am shut in by you on every side, and you have put your hand on me. Such knowledge is a wonder greater than my powers; it is so high that I may not come near it. Where may I go from your spirit? How may I go in flight from you? If I go up to heaven, you are there: or if I make my bed in the underworld, you are there. If I take the wings of the morning, and go to the farthest parts of the sea; Even there will I be guided by your hand, and your right hand will keep me. If I say, Only let me be covered by the dark, and the light about me be night; Even the dark is not dark to you; the night is as bright as the day: for dark and light are the same to you. My flesh was made by you, and my parts joined together in my mother's body. I will give you praise, for I am strangely and delicately formed; your works are great wonders, and of this my soul is fully conscious. My frame was not unseen by you when I was made secretly, and strangely formed in the lowest parts of the earth. Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in your book all my days were recorded, even those which were purposed before they had come into being. How dear are your thoughts to me, O God! how great is the number of them! If I made up their number, it would be more than the grains of sand; when I am awake, I am still with you. If only you would put the sinners to death, O God; go far from me, you men of blood. For they go against you with evil designs, and your haters make sport of your name. Are not your haters hated by me, O Lord? are not those who are lifted up against you a cause of grief to me? My hate for them is complete; my thoughts of them are as if they were making war on me. O God, let the secrets of my heart be uncovered, and let my wandering thoughts be tested: See if there is any way of sorrow in me, and be my guide in the eternal way.

Further Readings on The Bible

Song of Solomon

The song of songs, which is Solomon's. Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is better than wine. Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee. Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy love more than wine: the upright love thee. I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon. Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath looked upon me: my mother's children were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept. Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions? If thou know not, O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock, and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents. I have compared thee, O my love, to a company of horses in Pharaoh's chariots. Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels, thy neck wit We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver. h chains of gold. While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof. A bundle of myrrh is my well-beloved unto me; he shall lie all night betwixt my breasts. My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards of Engedi Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast doves' eyes. Behold, thou art fair, my beloved, yea, pleasant: also our bed is green. The beams of our house are cedar, and our rafters of fir.

所 罗 门 的 歌 ， 是 歌 中 的 雅 歌 。愿 他 用 口 与 我 亲 嘴 。 因 你 的 爱 情 比 酒 更 美 。你 的 膏 油 馨 香 。 你 的 名 如 同 倒 出 来 的 香 膏 ， 所 以 众 童 女 都 爱 你, 愿 你 吸 引 我 ， 我 们 就 快 跑 跟 随 你 。 王 带 我 进 了 内 室 ， 我 们 必 因 你 欢 喜 快 乐 。 我 们 要 称 赞 你 的 爱 情 ， 胜 似 称 赞 美 酒 。 他 们 爱 你 是 理 所 当 然 的 。耶 路 撒 冷 的 众 女 子 阿 ， 我 虽 然 黑 ， 却 是 秀 美 ， 如 同 基 达 的 帐 棚 ， 好 像 所 罗 门 的 幔 子 。不 要 因 日 头 把 我 晒 黑 了 ， 就 轻 看 我 。 我 同 母 的 弟 兄 向 我 发 怒 ， 他 们 使 我 看 守 葡 萄 园 ， 我 自 己 的 葡 萄 园 却 没 有 看 守 。我 心 所 爱 的 阿 ， 求 你 告 诉 我 ， 你 在 何 处 牧 羊 ， 晌 午 在 何 处 使 羊 歇 卧 。 我 何 必 在 你 同 伴 的 羊 群 旁 边 ， 好 像 蒙 着 脸 的 人 呢 ？你 这 女 子 中 极 美 丽 的 ， 你 若 不 知 道 ， 只 管 跟 随 羊 群 的 脚 踪 去 ， 把 你 的 山 羊 羔 牧 放 在 牧 人 帐 棚 的 旁 边 。我 的 佳 偶 ， 我 将 你 比 法 老 车 上 套 的 骏 马 。你 的 两 腮 因 发 辫 而 秀 美 ， 你 的 颈 项 因 珠 串 而 华 丽 。我 们 要 为 你 编 上 金 辫 ， 镶 上 银 钉.王 正 坐 席 的 时 候 ， 我 的 哪 哒 香 膏 发 出 香 味 。我 以 我 的 良 人 为 一 袋 没 药 ， 常 在 我 怀 中 。我 以 我 的 良 人 为 一 棵 凤 仙 花 ， 在 隐 基 底 葡 萄 园 中 。我 的 佳 偶 ， 你 甚 美 丽 ， 你 甚 美 丽 ， 你 的 眼 好 像 鸽 子 眼 。以 香 柏 树 为 房 屋 的 栋 梁 ， 以 松 树 为 椽 子 。

I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys. As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters. As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste. He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love. His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace me. I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please.

我 是 沙 仑 的 玫 瑰 花 （ 或 作 水 仙 花 ） ， 是 谷 中 的 百 合 花 。我 的 佳 偶 在 女 子 中 ， 好 像 百 合 花 在 荆 棘 内 。我 的 良 人 在 男 子 中 ， 如 同 苹 果 树 在 树 林 中 。 我 欢 欢 喜 喜 坐 在 他 的 荫 下 ， 尝 他 果 子 的 滋 味 ， 觉 得 甘 甜. 他 带 我 入 筵 宴 所 ， 以 爱 为 旗 在 我 以 上. 求 你 们 给 我 葡 萄 干 增 补 我 力 ， 给 我 苹 果 畅 快 我 心 ， 因 我 思 爱 成 病 。他 的 左 手 在 我 头 下 ， 他 的 右 手 将 我 抱 住 。耶 路 撒 冷 的 众 女 子 阿 ， 我 指 着 羚 羊 或 田 野 的 母 鹿 ， 嘱 咐 你 们 ， 不 要 惊 动 ， 不 要 叫 醒 我 所 亲 爱 的 ， 等 他 自 己 情 愿 （ 不 要 叫 醒 云 云 或 作 不 要 激 动 爱 情 等 它 自 发 ） 。

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